Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-918

Allowed

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.

6271 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-QQJV-MC2V-P7MC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:55 – Updated: 2023-07-22 00:11
VLAI
Summary
Moodle SSRF Vulnerability
Details

Moodle 3.x has Server Side Request Forgery in the filepicker.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.4"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.4.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.3.3"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.3.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.2.6"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.2"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.2.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.1.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-1042"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-22T00:11:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-01-22T08:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Moodle 3.x has Server Side Request Forgery in the filepicker.",
  "id": "GHSA-qqjv-mc2v-p7mc",
  "modified": "2023-07-22T00:11:12Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T00:55:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1042"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/f1d1a60e0ac8549c08e66062f3cd0110e4a92e24"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=364381"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210124134113/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102752"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/153766/Moodle-Filepicker-3.5.2-Server-Side-Request-Forgery.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Moodle SSRF Vulnerability"
}

GHSA-QQRV-2HCH-83Q4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-30 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-14 22:36
Withdrawn 2026-04-14 VLAI
Summary
Duplicate Advisory: Kyverno is vulnerable to server-side request forgery (SSRF)
Details

Duplicate Advisory

This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-rggm-jjmc-3394. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

Original Description

Kyverno, versions 1.16.0 and later, are vulnerable to SSRF due to unrestricted CEL HTTP functions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/kyverno/kyverno"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.16.0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.17.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-01T23:07:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-30T21:17:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-rggm-jjmc-3394. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nKyverno, versions 1.16.0 and later, are vulnerable to SSRF due to unrestricted CEL HTTP functions.",
  "id": "GHSA-qqrv-2hch-83q4",
  "modified": "2026-04-14T22:36:54Z",
  "published": "2026-03-30T21:31:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4789"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/pull/15729"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/655822"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portswigger.net/web-security/ssrf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/655822"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Kyverno is vulnerable to server-side request forgery (SSRF)",
  "withdrawn": "2026-04-14T22:36:54Z"
}

GHSA-QQV3-2V93-CWJW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-09 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-09 03:30
VLAI
Details

SAP NetWeaver application, due to insufficient input validation, allows an attacker to send a crafted request from a vulnerable web application targeting internal systems behind firewalls that are normally inaccessible to an attacker from the external network, resulting in a Server-Side Request Forgery vulnerability. Thus, having a low impact on confidentiality.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-27898"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-09T01:15:48Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "SAP NetWeaver application, due to insufficient input validation, allows an attacker to send a crafted request from a vulnerable web application targeting internal systems behind firewalls that are normally inaccessible to an attacker from the external network, resulting in a\u00a0Server-Side Request Forgery vulnerability. Thus, having a low impact on confidentiality.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-qqv3-2v93-cwjw",
  "modified": "2024-04-09T03:30:52Z",
  "published": "2024-04-09T03:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27898"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3425188"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.sap.com/en/my-support/knowledge-base/security-notes-news.html?anchorId=section_370125364"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QQVM-66Q4-VF5C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-16 21:23 – Updated: 2026-05-13 14:04
VLAI
Summary
Flowise: SSRF Protection Bypass via Direct node-fetch / axios Usage (Patch Enforcement Failure)
Details

Summary

Flowise introduced SSRF protections through a centralized HTTP security wrapper (httpSecurity.ts) that implements deny-list validation and IP pinning logic.

However, multiple tool implementations directly import and invoke raw HTTP clients (node-fetch, axiosInstead of using the secured wrapper.

Because enforcement is neither mandatory nor centralized, these tools bypass SSRF mitigation entirely, restoring full SSRF capability even after the patch.

This issue is distinct from specification trust issues and represents incomplete mitigation of previously addressed SSRF vulnerabilities.

Details

Intended Security Model:

All outbound HTTP requests should pass through the centralized validation layer implemented in:

packages/components/src/httpSecurity.ts

This layer performs:

  • HTTP_DENY_LIST enforcement
  • IP resolution validation
  • IP pinning
  • Loopback blocking

Observed Implementation Gap:

Multiple tools bypass this layer and import HTTP libraries directly.

Examples include:

  • packages/components/nodes/tools/OpenAPIToolkit/OpenAPIToolkit.ts
  • packages/components/nodes/tools/WebScraperTool/WebScraperTool.ts
  • packages/components/nodes/tools/MCP/core.ts
  • packages/components/nodes/tools/Arxiv/core.ts

These files directly execute:

importfetchfrom'node-fetch'

or invoke axios without passing through the centralized validation wrapper.

Because there is no global interceptor or enforcement mechanism, outbound requests in these components are executed without SSRF validation.

This renders the mitigation introduced in GHSA-2x8m-83vc-6wv4 incomplete.

Root Cause

Security enforcement is not centralized.

Outbound request validation depends on voluntary usage of a wrapper function rather than being structurally enforced.

Because direct imports of HTTP clients are allowed, the mitigation is easily bypassed.

This is an architectural enforcement failure rather than a single implementation bug.

PoC

Even when an administrator configures:

HTTP_DENY_LIST=169.254.0.0/16,127.0.0.0/8

The following attack succeeds if a vulnerable tool is enabled:

Chat Prompt:

Use the Web Scraper tool to retrieve:
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/

Execution flow:

  1. The LLM triggers WebScraperTool.
  2. The tool calls raw fetch() directly.
  3. No httpSecurity.ts validation is applied.
  4. The request reaches the metadata endpoint.
  5. The response is returned to the chat context.

This demonstrates that SSRF protection is opt-in rather than enforced.

Impact

Severity: Critical (CVSS v3.1: 9.1 – AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N)

This issue:

  • Completely bypasses the centralized SSRF mitigation.
  • Allows access to internal network resources.
  • Enables the exploitation of cloud metadata and credential theft.
  • Invalidates the security assumptions of the recent patch.

Any deployment enabling affected tools remains vulnerable.

Recommended Remediation

  1. Refactor all tools to use the centralized secureFetch() wrapper.
  2. Add ESLint no-restricted-imports rules to prohibit the direct usage of node-fetch or axios in tool components.
  3. Consider implementing a single internal HTTP client abstraction layer.
  4. Apply network-level egress filtering as defense-in-depth.
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.0.13"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "flowise"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.0.13"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "flowise-components"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-43995"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T21:23:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-11T18:16:37Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nFlowise introduced SSRF protections through a centralized HTTP security wrapper (`httpSecurity.ts`) that implements deny-list validation and IP pinning logic.\n\nHowever, multiple tool implementations directly import and invoke raw HTTP clients (`node-fetch`, `axios`Instead of using the secured wrapper.\n\nBecause enforcement is neither mandatory nor centralized, these tools bypass SSRF mitigation entirely, restoring full SSRF capability even after the patch.\n\nThis issue is distinct from specification trust issues and represents incomplete mitigation of previously addressed SSRF vulnerabilities.\n\n### Details\n**Intended Security Model:**\n\nAll outbound HTTP requests should pass through the centralized validation layer implemented in:\n\n```\npackages/components/src/httpSecurity.ts\n```\n\nThis layer performs:\n\n- `HTTP_DENY_LIST` enforcement\n- IP resolution validation\n- IP pinning\n- Loopback blocking\n\n**Observed Implementation Gap:**\n\nMultiple tools bypass this layer and import HTTP libraries directly.\n\nExamples include:\n\n- `packages/components/nodes/tools/OpenAPIToolkit/OpenAPIToolkit.ts`\n- `packages/components/nodes/tools/WebScraperTool/WebScraperTool.ts`\n- `packages/components/nodes/tools/MCP/core.ts`\n- `packages/components/nodes/tools/Arxiv/core.ts`\n\nThese files directly execute:\n\n```\nimportfetchfrom\u0027node-fetch\u0027\n```\n\nor invoke `axios` without passing through the centralized validation wrapper.\n\nBecause there is no global interceptor or enforcement mechanism, outbound requests in these components are executed without SSRF validation.\n\nThis renders the mitigation introduced in GHSA-2x8m-83vc-6wv4 incomplete.\n\n### Root Cause\n\nSecurity enforcement is not centralized.\n\nOutbound request validation depends on voluntary usage of a wrapper function rather than being structurally enforced.\n\nBecause direct imports of HTTP clients are allowed, the mitigation is easily bypassed.\n\nThis is an architectural enforcement failure rather than a single implementation bug.\n\n### PoC\nEven when an administrator configures:\n\n```\nHTTP_DENY_LIST=169.254.0.0/16,127.0.0.0/8\n```\n\nThe following attack succeeds if a vulnerable tool is enabled:\n\n**Chat Prompt:**\n\n```\nUse the Web Scraper tool to retrieve:\nhttp://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/\n```\n\nExecution flow:\n\n1. The LLM triggers `WebScraperTool`.\n2. The tool calls raw `fetch()` directly.\n3. No `httpSecurity.ts` validation is applied.\n4. The request reaches the metadata endpoint.\n5. The response is returned to the chat context.\n\nThis demonstrates that SSRF protection is opt-in rather than enforced.\n### Impact\n\n**Severity:** Critical (CVSS v3.1: 9.1 \u2013 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N)\n\nThis issue:\n\n- Completely bypasses the centralized SSRF mitigation.\n- Allows access to internal network resources.\n- Enables the exploitation of cloud metadata and credential theft.\n- Invalidates the security assumptions of the recent patch.\n\nAny deployment enabling affected tools remains vulnerable.\n\n### Recommended Remediation\n\n1. Refactor all tools to use the centralized `secureFetch()` wrapper.\n2. Add ESLint `no-restricted-imports` rules to prohibit the direct usage of `node-fetch` or `axios` in tool components.\n3. Consider implementing a single internal HTTP client abstraction layer.\n4. Apply network-level egress filtering as defense-in-depth.",
  "id": "GHSA-qqvm-66q4-vf5c",
  "modified": "2026-05-13T14:04:45Z",
  "published": "2026-04-16T21:23:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-qqvm-66q4-vf5c"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43995"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Flowise: SSRF Protection Bypass via Direct node-fetch / axios Usage (Patch Enforcement Failure)"
}

GHSA-QR4G-8HRP-C4RW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 20:05 – Updated: 2026-04-14 20:05
VLAI
Summary
Kyverno has unrestricted outbound requests in Kyverno apiCall enabling SSRF
Details

Summary

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Kyverno allows authenticated users to induce the admission controller to send arbitrary HTTP requests to attacker-controlled endpoints.

When a ClusterPolicy uses apiCall.service.url with variable substitution (e.g. {{request.object.*}}), user-controlled input can influence the request target. The Kyverno admission controller executes these requests from its privileged network position without enforcing any validation or network restrictions.

The issue becomes non-blind SSRF, as response data from internal services can be reflected back to the user via admission error messages.


Details

Kyverno supports variable substitution in apiCall.service.url, a documented feature intended to enable dynamic external lookups during admission control.

However, the current implementation lacks fundamental safeguards in the HTTP execution path:

Missing protections

  • No URL validation
    User-controlled input is directly embedded into the request URL without validation or normalization.

  • No IP filtering
    Requests can target:

  • Loopback (127.0.0.1)
  • Link-local (169.254.0.0/16)
  • Cloud metadata services (e.g. AWS IMDS)
  • Internal ClusterIP services

  • Redirect handling not restricted
    The Go HTTP client uses default redirect behavior (CheckRedirect == nil), allowing up to 10 redirects without re-validation of the target.

  • Response data reflection in admission errors
    Response bodies are propagated back to the user in admission responses under certain conditions.

Non-blind SSRF behavior

The vulnerability is non-blind through two mechanisms:

  1. Non-2xx responses
    Response body is returned in admission error messages (e.g. executor.go:98-101)

  2. 2xx responses with non-JSON content
    Parsing failures (JSON/JMESPath) include response snippets in error output

This allows attackers to retrieve data from internal services directly via kubectl output.


PoC

Preconditions

  1. A ClusterPolicy using:
apiCall:
  service:
    url: "http://{{ request.object.metadata.annotations.target }}"
  1. An authenticated user able to create matching resources (e.g. Pods)

Step 1 — Create malicious resource

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: ssrf-test
  annotations:
    target: "169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/"
spec:
  containers:
  - name: test
    image: nginx

Step 2 — Apply resource

kubectl apply -f pod.yaml

Step 3 — Observe output

Example output:

Error from server: admission webhook "kyverno" denied the request:
failed to process apiCall: <response body from metadata service>

Variations

  • Internal services: http://kubernetes.default.svc
  • Loopback: http://127.0.0.1:8080
  • Redirect chains to bypass naive filters

Impact

Vulnerability class

  • Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  • Non-blind data exfiltration

Affected scope

  • Kubernetes clusters using Kyverno policies with apiCall.service.url and variable substitution

Impact details

  • Access to internal services (ClusterIP, localhost)
  • Access to cloud metadata endpoints (e.g. IMDSv1 → credential exposure)
  • Internal network reconnaissance
  • Multi-tenant boundary weakening

This issue can be combined with automatic ServiceAccount token forwarding (reported separately) to form a critical attack chain.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/kyverno/kyverno"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.17.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-14T20:05:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Kyverno allows authenticated users to induce the admission controller to send arbitrary HTTP requests to attacker-controlled endpoints.\n\nWhen a `ClusterPolicy` uses `apiCall.service.url` with variable substitution (e.g. `{{request.object.*}}`), user-controlled input can influence the request target. The Kyverno admission controller executes these requests from its privileged network position without enforcing any validation or network restrictions.\n\nThe issue becomes **non-blind SSRF**, as response data from internal services can be reflected back to the user via admission error messages.\n\n---\n\n### Details\n\nKyverno supports variable substitution in `apiCall.service.url`, a documented feature intended to enable dynamic external lookups during admission control.\n\nHowever, the current implementation lacks fundamental safeguards in the HTTP execution path:\n\n#### Missing protections\n\n- **No URL validation**  \n  User-controlled input is directly embedded into the request URL without validation or normalization.\n\n- **No IP filtering**  \n  Requests can target:\n  - Loopback (`127.0.0.1`)\n  - Link-local (`169.254.0.0/16`)\n  - Cloud metadata services (e.g. AWS IMDS)\n  - Internal ClusterIP services\n\n- **Redirect handling not restricted**  \n  The Go HTTP client uses default redirect behavior (`CheckRedirect == nil`), allowing up to 10 redirects without re-validation of the target.\n\n- **Response data reflection in admission errors**  \n  Response bodies are propagated back to the user in admission responses under certain conditions.\n\n#### Non-blind SSRF behavior\n\nThe vulnerability is **non-blind** through two mechanisms:\n\n1. **Non-2xx responses**  \n   Response body is returned in admission error messages (e.g. `executor.go:98-101`)\n\n2. **2xx responses with non-JSON content**  \n   Parsing failures (JSON/JMESPath) include response snippets in error output\n\nThis allows attackers to retrieve data from internal services directly via `kubectl` output.\n\n---\n\n### PoC\n\n#### Preconditions\n\n1. A `ClusterPolicy` using:\n```yaml\napiCall:\n  service:\n    url: \"http://{{ request.object.metadata.annotations.target }}\"\n```\n\n2. An authenticated user able to create matching resources (e.g. Pods)\n\n---\n\n#### Step 1 \u2014 Create malicious resource\n\n```yaml\napiVersion: v1\nkind: Pod\nmetadata:\n  name: ssrf-test\n  annotations:\n    target: \"169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/\"\nspec:\n  containers:\n  - name: test\n    image: nginx\n```\n\n---\n\n#### Step 2 \u2014 Apply resource\n\n```bash\nkubectl apply -f pod.yaml\n```\n\n---\n\n#### Step 3 \u2014 Observe output\n\nExample output:\n\n```text\nError from server: admission webhook \"kyverno\" denied the request:\nfailed to process apiCall: \u003cresponse body from metadata service\u003e\n```\n\n---\n\n#### Variations\n\n- Internal services:\n  http://kubernetes.default.svc\n- Loopback:\n  http://127.0.0.1:8080\n- Redirect chains to bypass naive filters\n\n---\n\n### Impact\n\n#### Vulnerability class\n- Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)\n- Non-blind data exfiltration\n\n#### Affected scope\n- Kubernetes clusters using Kyverno policies with `apiCall.service.url` and variable substitution\n\n#### Impact details\n\n- Access to internal services (ClusterIP, localhost)\n- Access to cloud metadata endpoints (e.g. IMDSv1 \u2192 credential exposure)\n- Internal network reconnaissance\n- Multi-tenant boundary weakening\n\nThis issue can be combined with automatic ServiceAccount token forwarding (reported separately) to form a **critical attack chain**.",
  "id": "GHSA-qr4g-8hrp-c4rw",
  "modified": "2026-04-14T20:05:52Z",
  "published": "2026-04-14T20:05:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advisories/GHSA-qr4g-8hrp-c4rw"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Kyverno has unrestricted outbound requests in Kyverno apiCall enabling SSRF"
}

GHSA-QR7H-8PV2-XVX2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-10 18:30 – Updated: 2024-02-13 18:48
VLAI
Summary
yuan1994 tpAdmin vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery
Details

** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in yuan1994 tpAdmin 1.3.12. Affected is the function remote of the file application\admin\controller\Upload.php. The manipulation of the argument url leads to server-side request forgery. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-225408. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "yuan1994/tpadmin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.3.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1971"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-13T18:48:09Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-10T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": " ** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in yuan1994 tpAdmin 1.3.12. Affected is the function remote of the file application\\admin\\controller\\Upload.php. The manipulation of the argument url leads to server-side request forgery. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-225408. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
  "id": "GHSA-qr7h-8pv2-xvx2",
  "modified": "2024-02-13T18:48:09Z",
  "published": "2023-04-10T18:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1971"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/yuan1994/tpAdmin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tib36.github.io/2023/04/09/tpAdmin-SSRF"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.225408"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.225408"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "yuan1994 tpAdmin vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery"
}

GHSA-QR8R-MQP7-36XX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-27 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-28 15:31
VLAI
Details

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) and credential exfiltration vulnerability exists in the cloud-healthcare-fhir-fetch-page tool of googleapis/mcp-toolbox.

The tool takes an unvalidated pageURL parameter from the client and issues an HTTP GET request to it using an authenticated client. The underlying transport automatically attaches an Authorization: Bearer header to every outbound request regardless of the destination host. An attacker can supply an arbitrary external URL to the pageURL parameter (either directly via the tool execution payload or implicitly via data-driven pagination tracking loops), leading Toolbox into sending its OAuth/service-account access token to an attacker-controlled listener. Depending on the configuration, this leaks either the end-user's token or the broader service-account access token (ADC), potentially exposing Protected Health Information (PHI) and secondary Google Cloud Platform services.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-16481"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-27T19:17:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) and credential exfiltration vulnerability exists in the cloud-healthcare-fhir-fetch-page tool of googleapis/mcp-toolbox.\n\nThe tool takes an unvalidated pageURL parameter from the client and issues an HTTP GET request to it using an authenticated client. The underlying transport automatically attaches an Authorization: Bearer  header to every outbound request regardless of the destination host. An attacker can supply an arbitrary external URL to the pageURL parameter (either directly via the tool execution payload or implicitly via data-driven pagination tracking loops), leading Toolbox into sending its OAuth/service-account access token to an attacker-controlled listener. Depending on the configuration, this leaks either the end-user\u0027s token or the broader service-account access token (ADC), potentially exposing Protected Health Information (PHI) and secondary Google Cloud Platform services.",
  "id": "GHSA-qr8r-mqp7-36xx",
  "modified": "2026-09-28T15:31:19Z",
  "published": "2026-07-27T21:31:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16481"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/googleapis/mcp-toolbox/pull/3453"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QR97-V87P-X965

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-31 12:30 – Updated: 2023-01-09 21:51
VLAI
Summary
Ariadne Component Library vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery
Details

A vulnerability was found in Ariadne Component Library up to 2.x. It has been classified as critical. Affected is an unknown function of the file src/url/Url.php. The manipulation leads to server-side request forgery. Upgrading to version 3.0 can address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-217140.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "arc/web"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-20157"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-09T21:51:34Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-31T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in Ariadne Component Library up to 2.x. It has been classified as critical. Affected is an unknown function of the file src/url/Url.php. The manipulation leads to server-side request forgery. Upgrading to version 3.0 can address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-217140.",
  "id": "GHSA-qr97-v87p-x965",
  "modified": "2023-01-09T21:51:34Z",
  "published": "2022-12-31T12:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-20157"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Ariadne-CMS/arc-web/commit/1feb1cc11e6c9f218408f15f53f537ea0d788656"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Ariadne-CMS/arc-web"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Ariadne-CMS/arc-web/releases/tag/3.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.217140"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.217140"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Ariadne Component Library vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery"
}

GHSA-QRCR-3862-9F4C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 12:30 – Updated: 2026-07-02 12:30
VLAI
Details

liboauth2 is vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery in oauth2_jose_jwks_aws_alb_resolve() function. The AWS ALB verifier reads both signer and kid from the unverified JWT header. If signer matches the configured ARN, kid is appended to alb_base_url without URL encoding or path sanitization, and the HTTP GET is issued before signature verification. This allows an attacker to force the server to send a GET request to an attacker-chosen internal path.

This issue was fixed in version 2.3.0

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-54430"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-02T11:16:16Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "liboauth2 is vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery in\u00a0oauth2_jose_jwks_aws_alb_resolve() function.\u00a0The AWS ALB verifier reads both signer and kid from the unverified JWT\nheader. If signer matches the configured ARN, kid is appended to\nalb_base_url without URL encoding or path sanitization, and the HTTP GET\nis issued before signature verification. This allows an attacker to force\nthe server to send a GET request to an attacker-chosen internal path.\n\nThis issue was fixed in version 2.3.0",
  "id": "GHSA-qrcr-3862-9f4c",
  "modified": "2026-07-02T12:30:59Z",
  "published": "2026-07-02T12:30:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54430"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenIDC/liboauth2/commit/347507ac5b51f48c2933bbe49b2ee07c2af4712b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/07/CVE-2026-54430"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenIDC/liboauth2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QRGV-2PF8-VGQG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-28 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-07 00:00
VLAI
Details

Halo CMS v1.5.3 was discovered to contain a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via the template remote download function.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-32995"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-27T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Halo CMS v1.5.3 was discovered to contain a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via the template remote download function.",
  "id": "GHSA-qrgv-2pf8-vgqg",
  "modified": "2022-07-07T00:00:23Z",
  "published": "2022-06-28T00:00:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32995"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zongdeiqianxing/cve-reports/issues/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-664: Server Side Request Forgery

An adversary exploits improper input validation by submitting maliciously crafted input to a target application running on a server, with the goal of forcing the server to make a request either to itself, to web services running in the server’s internal network, or to external third parties. If successful, the adversary’s request will be made with the server’s privilege level, bypassing its authentication controls. This ultimately allows the adversary to access sensitive data, execute commands on the server’s network, and make external requests with the stolen identity of the server. Server Side Request Forgery attacks differ from Cross Site Request Forgery attacks in that they target the server itself, whereas CSRF attacks exploit an insecure user authentication mechanism to perform unauthorized actions on the user's behalf.