Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-89
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data.
29347 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-76613 (GCVE-0-2026-76613)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 12:14 – Updated: 2026-08-23 13:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Joomla Extension - yootheme.com - Authenticated, privileged SQL injection in YOOtheme Pro 1.0.0-5.0.40
Summary
Joomla Extension - yootheme.com - Authenticated, privileged SQL injection in YOOtheme Pro 1.0.0-5.0.40 - An SQL injection allowed any contributor-level user to inject own content into SQL queries.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 15:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.yootheme.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| yootheme.com | YOOtheme Pro extension for Joomla |
Affected:
1.0.0-5.0.40
|
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CVE-2026-76602 (GCVE-0-2026-76602)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-22 14:21 – Updated: 2026-08-24 13:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - Unauthenticated SQL injection in ORDER BY in Fabrik < 4.7.2
Summary
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - Unauthenticated SQL injection in ORDER BY in Fabrik < 4.7.2 - The order parameter in list models is used in queries without validation, allowing read SQLi vectors.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-24 12:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.fabrikar.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| fabrikar.com | Fabrik extension for Joomla |
Affected:
1.0.0-4.7.1
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CVE-2026-76574 (GCVE-0-2026-76574)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 20:00 – Updated: 2026-08-25 14:01 X_Freeware
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
code-projects Hospital Information System User Login UsersController.php login sql injection
Summary
A flaw has been found in code-projects Hospital Information System 1.0. The impacted element is the function User::login of the file includes/users/UsersController.php of the component User Login Handler. This manipulation of the argument email causes sql injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 14:01 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/393038 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/393038/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-76574 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/877784 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/niaoniaollll/cve/issues/6 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://code-projects.org/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| code-projects | Hospital Information System |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:code-projects:hospital_information_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-76571 (GCVE-0-2026-76571)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-22 14:21 – Updated: 2026-08-25 04:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - Unauthenticated SQL injection in list filter condition parameter in Fabrik < 4.7.2
Summary
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - Unauthenticated SQL injection in list filter condition parameter in Fabrik < 4.7.2 - The condition parameter passed to a list filter is concatenated verbatim into the WHERE clause built by getFilterQuery(). An unauthenticated attacker can supply arbitrary SQL through the filter condition, giving full read of the database.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-24 18:29 UTC
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.fabrikar.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| fabrikar.com | Fabrik extension for Joomla |
Affected:
1.0.0-4.7.1
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CVE-2026-76570 (GCVE-0-2026-76570)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 14:47 – Updated: 2026-09-30 16:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Joomla Extension - joomcode.com - Unauthenticated SQL injection in read and write queries in JCTables < 1.21.1
Summary
Joomla Extension - joomcode.com - Unauthenticated SQL injection in read and write queries in JCTables 1.21.1 - The front-end CRUD API controller performs no Joomla token validation and no authentication check on any task. Table names, column names, and values are taken directly from request parameters and concatenated into SQL queries, allowing SQLi for reading and writing queries.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 14:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.joomcode.com/ | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/blog/jctables-unauthent… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| joomcode.com | JCTables extension for Joomla |
Affected:
1.0.0-1.20.0
|
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CVE-2026-76461 (GCVE-0-2026-76461)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 16:09 – Updated: 2026-09-18 12:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Secure Email Gateway SQL Injection Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the email parsing of Cisco AsyncOS Software for Cisco Secure Email Gateway could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges on the underlying operating system.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation in the email parsing logic. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted email message that contains malicious SQL statements through an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary SQL statements, leading to command execution with root privileges on the underlying operating system.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/c… | |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Secure Email |
Affected:
14.0.0-698
Affected: 13.5.1-277 Affected: 13.0.0-392 Affected: 14.2.0-620 Affected: 13.0.5-007 Affected: 13.5.4-038 Affected: 14.2.1-020 Affected: 14.3.0-032 Affected: 15.0.0-104 Affected: 15.0.1-030 Affected: 15.5.0-048 Affected: 15.5.1-055 Affected: 15.5.2-018 Affected: 16.0.0-050 Affected: 15.0.3-002 Affected: 16.0.0-054 Affected: 15.5.3-022 Affected: 16.0.1-017 Affected: 15.5.4-012 Affected: 16.0.4-016 Affected: 15.0.5-016 Affected: 16.0.2-112 Affected: 16.0.3-044 |
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CVE-2026-76452 (GCVE-0-2026-76452)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 16:12 – Updated: 2026-10-07 17:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Smart Software Manager On-Prem SQL Injection Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco License On-Prem, formerly Cisco Smart Software Manager On-Prem (SSM On-Prem), could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct SQL injection attacks against an affected application.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the web-based management interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read additional contents of the internal database of an affected application that should not normally be accessible to administrative users, thus impacting system confidentiality.
To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative user credentials on the affected application.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 17:42 UTC
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco License On-Prem |
Affected:
7-202001
Affected: 1.1 Affected: 6.3.0 Affected: 8-202004 Affected: 8-202006 Affected: 1.2 Affected: 1.3 Affected: 8-202012 Affected: 8-202010 Affected: 8-202008 Affected: 9-202201 Affected: 8-202102 Affected: 1.4 Affected: 8-202105 Affected: 8-202108 Affected: 8-202112 Affected: 8-202201 Affected: 8-202206 Affected: 8-202212 Affected: 8-202302 Affected: 8-202303 Affected: 8-202304 Affected: 8-202308 Affected: 8-202401 Affected: 8-202404 Affected: 9-202406 Affected: 9-202407 Affected: 9-202410 Affected: 9-202412 Affected: 9-202501 Affected: 9-202502 Affected: 9-202504 Affected: 9-202507 Affected: 9-202510 Affected: 9-202601 Affected: 10-202606 |
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CVE-2026-76449 (GCVE-0-2026-76449)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 20:18 – Updated: 2026-09-17 13:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Identity Services Engine SQL Injection Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) and Cisco ISE Passive Identity Connector (ISE-PIC) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct an SQL or HQL injection attack on an affected device.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input to the affected APIs before it is used to build database queries. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary SQL or HQL queries against the underlying database, which could allow the attacker to view or modify data that they are not authorized to access. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 13:32 UTC
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Identity Services Engine Software |
Affected:
3.1.0
Affected: 3.1.0 p1 Affected: 3.1.0 p3 Affected: 3.1.0 p2 Affected: 3.2.0 Affected: 3.1.0 p4 Affected: 3.1.0 p5 Affected: 3.2.0 p1 Affected: 3.1.0 p6 Affected: 3.2.0 p2 Affected: 3.1.0 p7 Affected: 3.3.0 Affected: 3.2.0 p3 Affected: 3.2.0 p4 Affected: 3.1.0 p8 Affected: 3.2.0 p5 Affected: 3.2.0 p6 Affected: 3.1.0 p9 Affected: 3.3 Patch 2 Affected: 3.3 Patch 1 Affected: 3.3 Patch 3 Affected: 3.4.0 Affected: 3.2.0 p7 Affected: 3.3 Patch 4 Affected: 3.4 Patch 1 Affected: 3.1.0 p10 Affected: 3.3 Patch 5 Affected: 3.3 Patch 6 Affected: 3.4 Patch 2 Affected: 3.3 Patch 7 Affected: 3.4 Patch 3 Affected: 3.5.0 Affected: 3.4 Patch 4 Affected: 3.3 Patch 8 Affected: 3.2 Patch 8 Affected: 3.5 Patch 1 Affected: 3.3 Patch 9 Affected: 3.2 Patch 9 Affected: 3.4 Patch 5 Affected: 3.5 Patch 3 Affected: 3.5 Patch 2 Affected: 3.3 Patch 10 Affected: 3.3 Patch 11 Affected: 3.4 Patch 6 Affected: 3.2 Patch 10 Affected: 3.1.0 p72 Affected: 3.1.0 p11 Affected: 3.3 Patch 12 Affected: 3.4 Patch 7 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco ISE Passive Identity Connector |
Affected:
3.2.0
Affected: 3.1.0 Affected: 3.3.0 Affected: 3.4.0 Affected: 3.5.0 |
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CVE-2026-76448 (GCVE-0-2026-76448)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 20:19 – Updated: 2026-09-17 15:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Identity Services Engine SQL Injection Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) and Cisco ISE Passive Identity Connector (ISE-PIC) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct an SQL or HQL injection attack on an affected device.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input to the affected APIs before it is used to build database queries. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary SQL or HQL queries against the underlying database, which could allow the attacker to view or modify data that they are not authorized to access. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 15:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Identity Services Engine Software |
Affected:
3.1.0
Affected: 3.1.0 p1 Affected: 3.1.0 p3 Affected: 3.1.0 p2 Affected: 3.2.0 Affected: 3.1.0 p4 Affected: 3.1.0 p5 Affected: 3.2.0 p1 Affected: 3.1.0 p6 Affected: 3.2.0 p2 Affected: 3.1.0 p7 Affected: 3.3.0 Affected: 3.2.0 p3 Affected: 3.2.0 p4 Affected: 3.1.0 p8 Affected: 3.2.0 p5 Affected: 3.2.0 p6 Affected: 3.1.0 p9 Affected: 3.3 Patch 2 Affected: 3.3 Patch 1 Affected: 3.3 Patch 3 Affected: 3.4.0 Affected: 3.2.0 p7 Affected: 3.3 Patch 4 Affected: 3.4 Patch 1 Affected: 3.1.0 p10 Affected: 3.3 Patch 5 Affected: 3.3 Patch 6 Affected: 3.4 Patch 2 Affected: 3.3 Patch 7 Affected: 3.4 Patch 3 Affected: 3.5.0 Affected: 3.4 Patch 4 Affected: 3.3 Patch 8 Affected: 3.2 Patch 8 Affected: 3.5 Patch 1 Affected: 3.3 Patch 9 Affected: 3.2 Patch 9 Affected: 3.4 Patch 5 Affected: 3.5 Patch 3 Affected: 3.5 Patch 2 Affected: 3.3 Patch 10 Affected: 3.3 Patch 11 Affected: 3.4 Patch 6 Affected: 3.2 Patch 10 Affected: 3.1.0 p72 Affected: 3.1.0 p11 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco ISE Passive Identity Connector |
Affected:
3.2.0
Affected: 3.1.0 Affected: 3.3.0 Affected: 3.4.0 Affected: 3.5.0 |
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CVE-2026-76428 (GCVE-0-2026-76428)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 20:17 – Updated: 2026-09-18 14:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco ISE Profiler SQL Injection Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the REST APIs of Cisco ISE and Cisco ISE-PIC could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct SQL injection attacks against the session database.
This vulnerability is due to certain parameters being concatenated directly into SQL clauses without parameterization. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request that contains SQL statements in one of the affected parameters. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read information from the session database. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 14:36 UTC
CWE
- CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Identity Services Engine Software |
Affected:
3.1.0
Affected: 3.1.0 p1 Affected: 3.1.0 p3 Affected: 3.1.0 p2 Affected: 3.2.0 Affected: 3.1.0 p4 Affected: 3.1.0 p5 Affected: 3.2.0 p1 Affected: 3.1.0 p6 Affected: 3.2.0 p2 Affected: 3.1.0 p7 Affected: 3.3.0 Affected: 3.2.0 p3 Affected: 3.2.0 p4 Affected: 3.1.0 p8 Affected: 3.2.0 p5 Affected: 3.2.0 p6 Affected: 3.1.0 p9 Affected: 3.3 Patch 2 Affected: 3.3 Patch 1 Affected: 3.3 Patch 3 Affected: 3.4.0 Affected: 3.2.0 p7 Affected: 3.3 Patch 4 Affected: 3.4 Patch 1 Affected: 3.1.0 p10 Affected: 3.3 Patch 5 Affected: 3.3 Patch 6 Affected: 3.4 Patch 2 Affected: 3.3 Patch 7 Affected: 3.4 Patch 3 Affected: 3.5.0 Affected: 3.4 Patch 4 Affected: 3.3 Patch 8 Affected: 3.2 Patch 8 Affected: 3.5 Patch 1 Affected: 3.3 Patch 9 Affected: 3.2 Patch 9 Affected: 3.4 Patch 5 Affected: 3.5 Patch 3 Affected: 3.5 Patch 2 Affected: 3.3 Patch 10 Affected: 3.3 Patch 11 Affected: 3.4 Patch 6 Affected: 3.2 Patch 10 Affected: 3.1.0 p72 Affected: 3.1.0 p11 Affected: 3.3 Patch 12 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco ISE Passive Identity Connector |
Affected:
3.2.0
Affected: 3.1.0 Affected: 3.3.0 Affected: 3.4.0 Affected: 3.5.0 |
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"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0 p1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0 p3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0 p2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0 p4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0 p5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.0 p1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0 p6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.0 p2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0 p7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.0 p3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.0 p4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0 p8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.0 p5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.0 p6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0 p9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3 Patch 2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3 Patch 1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3 Patch 3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.4.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.0 p7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3 Patch 4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.4 Patch 1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0 p10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3 Patch 5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3 Patch 6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.4 Patch 2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3 Patch 7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.4 Patch 3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.5.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.4 Patch 4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3 Patch 8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2 Patch 8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.5 Patch 1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3 Patch 9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2 Patch 9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.4 Patch 5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.5 Patch 3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.5 Patch 2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3 Patch 10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3 Patch 11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.4 Patch 6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2 Patch 10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0 p72"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0 p11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3 Patch 12"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Cisco ISE Passive Identity Connector",
"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.3.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.4.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.5.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability in the REST APIs of Cisco ISE and Cisco ISE-PIC could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct SQL injection attacks against the session database.\r\n\r\nThis vulnerability is due to certain parameters being concatenated directly into SQL clauses without parameterization. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request that contains SQL statements in one of the affected parameters. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read information from the session database. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Cisco PSIRT is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerabilities that are described in this advisory."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "cvssV3_1"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-89",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (\u0027SQL Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "cwe"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-16T20:17:56.961Z",
"orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"shortName": "cisco"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "cisco-sa-ise-multi-hrP9jQSQ",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ise-multi-hrP9jQSQ"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "cisco-sa-ise-multi-hrP9jQSQ",
"defects": [
"CSCwu43502"
],
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
},
"title": "Cisco ISE Profiler SQL Injection Vulnerability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-76428",
"datePublished": "2026-09-16T20:17:56.961Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-19T12:02:03.634Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-18T14:45:59.159Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, consider using persistence layers such as Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans, which can provide significant protection against SQL injection if used properly.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- Process SQL queries using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. These features should accept parameters or variables and support strong typing. Do not dynamically construct and execute query strings within these features using "exec" or similar functionality, since this may re-introduce the possibility of SQL injection. [REF-867]
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
- Specifically, follow the principle of least privilege when creating user accounts to a SQL database. The database users should only have the minimum privileges necessary to use their account. If the requirements of the system indicate that a user can read and modify their own data, then limit their privileges so they cannot read/write others' data. Use the strictest permissions possible on all database objects, such as execute-only for stored procedures.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-28
Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
- While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
- Instead of building a new implementation, such features may be available in the database or programming language. For example, the Oracle DBMS_ASSERT package can check or enforce that parameters have certain properties that make them less vulnerable to SQL injection. For MySQL, the mysql_real_escape_string() API function is available in both C and PHP.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When constructing SQL query strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
- Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing SQL injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent SQL injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, the name "O'Reilly" would likely pass the validation step, since it is a common last name in the English language. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the database because it contains the "'" apostrophe character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the apostrophe might reduce the risk of SQL injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the wrong name would be recorded.
- When feasible, it may be safest to disallow meta-characters entirely, instead of escaping them. This will provide some defense in depth. After the data is entered into the database, later processes may neglect to escape meta-characters before use, and you may not have control over those processes.
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of SQL Injection, error messages revealing the structure of a SQL query can help attackers tailor successful attack strings.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection
An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.
CAPEC-109: Object Relational Mapping Injection
An attacker leverages a weakness present in the database access layer code generated with an Object Relational Mapping (ORM) tool or a weakness in the way that a developer used a persistence framework to inject their own SQL commands to be executed against the underlying database. The attack here is similar to plain SQL injection, except that the application does not use JDBC to directly talk to the database, but instead it uses a data access layer generated by an ORM tool or framework (e.g. Hibernate). While most of the time code generated by an ORM tool contains safe access methods that are immune to SQL injection, sometimes either due to some weakness in the generated code or due to the fact that the developer failed to use the generated access methods properly, SQL injection is still possible.
CAPEC-110: SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter Tampering
An attacker modifies the parameters of the SOAP message that is sent from the service consumer to the service provider to initiate a SQL injection attack. On the service provider side, the SOAP message is parsed and parameters are not properly validated before being used to access a database in a way that does not use parameter binding, thus enabling the attacker to control the structure of the executed SQL query. This pattern describes a SQL injection attack with the delivery mechanism being a SOAP message.
CAPEC-470: Expanding Control over the Operating System from the Database
An attacker is able to leverage access gained to the database to read / write data to the file system, compromise the operating system, create a tunnel for accessing the host machine, and use this access to potentially attack other machines on the same network as the database machine. Traditionally SQL injections attacks are viewed as a way to gain unauthorized read access to the data stored in the database, modify the data in the database, delete the data, etc. However, almost every data base management system (DBMS) system includes facilities that if compromised allow an attacker complete access to the file system, operating system, and full access to the host running the database. The attacker can then use this privileged access to launch subsequent attacks. These facilities include dropping into a command shell, creating user defined functions that can call system level libraries present on the host machine, stored procedures, etc.
CAPEC-66: SQL Injection
This attack exploits target software that constructs SQL statements based on user input. An attacker crafts input strings so that when the target software constructs SQL statements based on the input, the resulting SQL statement performs actions other than those the application intended. SQL Injection results from failure of the application to appropriately validate input.
CAPEC-7: Blind SQL Injection
Blind SQL Injection results from an insufficient mitigation for SQL Injection. Although suppressing database error messages are considered best practice, the suppression alone is not sufficient to prevent SQL Injection. Blind SQL Injection is a form of SQL Injection that overcomes the lack of error messages. Without the error messages that facilitate SQL Injection, the adversary constructs input strings that probe the target through simple Boolean SQL expressions. The adversary can determine if the syntax and structure of the injection was successful based on whether the query was executed or not. Applied iteratively, the adversary determines how and where the target is vulnerable to SQL Injection.