CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
18003 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-P7XG-C937-CQHH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-06 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:32In telephony service, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-48390"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-06T06:15:48Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In telephony service, there is a possible missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-p7xg-c937-cqhh",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:32:47Z",
"published": "2023-06-06T06:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48390"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1664822361414762498"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P7XW-HXJP-35W2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:31The Mediamatic – Media Library Folders plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on its AJAX actions in versions up to, and including, 2.8.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to change image categories, which it uses to arrange them in folder views.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0293"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-13T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Mediamatic \u2013 Media Library Folders plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to a missing capability check on its AJAX actions in versions up to, and including, 2.8.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level permissions and above, to change image categories, which it uses to arrange them in folder views.",
"id": "GHSA-p7xw-hxjp-35w2",
"modified": "2026-04-08T21:31:47Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T19:24:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/mediamatic/trunk/inc/sidebar.php?rev=2652957#L343"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/e5c87ae0-9a53-4292-a4d3-05b3bdb37b71"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/e5c87ae0-9a53-4292-a4d3-05b3bdb37b71?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P826-3X73-P9J2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-06 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:32The WP Dark Mode – WordPress Dark Mode Plugin for Improved Accessibility, Dark Theme, Night Mode, and Social Sharing plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the wpdm_social_share_save_options function in all versions up to, and including, 5.0.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update the plugin's settings.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5449"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-06T04:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The WP Dark Mode \u2013 WordPress Dark Mode Plugin for Improved Accessibility, Dark Theme, Night Mode, and Social Sharing plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the wpdm_social_share_save_options function in all versions up to, and including, 5.0.4. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to update the plugin\u0027s settings.",
"id": "GHSA-p826-3x73-p9j2",
"modified": "2026-04-08T21:32:44Z",
"published": "2024-06-06T06:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5449"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-dark-mode/trunk/includes/modules/social-share/class-social-share.php#L581"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3096290/wp-dark-mode/trunk?contextall=1\u0026old=3073245\u0026old_path=%2Fwp-dark-mode%2Ftrunk"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/d7d20733-d61b-4b2f-8597-528644f0bc26?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P82Q-4G4J-X67H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-05 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33The ProfileGrid – User Profiles, Groups and Communities plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the pm_dismissible_notice and pm_wizard_update_group_icon functions in all versions up to, and including, 5.8.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to change arbitrary options to the value '1' or change group icons.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5453"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-05T08:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ProfileGrid \u2013 User Profiles, Groups and Communities plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the pm_dismissible_notice and pm_wizard_update_group_icon functions in all versions up to, and including, 5.8.6. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to change arbitrary options to the value \u00271\u0027 or change group icons.",
"id": "GHSA-p82q-4g4j-x67h",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:19Z",
"published": "2024-06-05T09:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5453"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities/trunk/admin/class-profile-magic-admin.php#L1378"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities/trunk/admin/class-profile-magic-admin.php#L2006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3095503/profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities/trunk/admin/class-profile-magic-admin.php?contextall=1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/7a44d182-2a43-47c0-ab2e-36c0514c1d47?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P838-M8CM-W2XF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:50 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:50On BIG-IP 14.0.0-14.0.0.2, 13.0.0-13.1.1.1, or 12.1.0-12.1.3.7, or Enterprise Manager 3.1.1, when authenticated administrative users run commands in the Traffic Management User Interface (TMUI), also referred to as the BIG-IP Configuration utility, restrictions on allowed commands may not be enforced.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-15329"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-20T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "On BIG-IP 14.0.0-14.0.0.2, 13.0.0-13.1.1.1, or 12.1.0-12.1.3.7, or Enterprise Manager 3.1.1, when authenticated administrative users run commands in the Traffic Management User Interface (TMUI), also referred to as the BIG-IP Configuration utility, restrictions on allowed commands may not be enforced.",
"id": "GHSA-p838-m8cm-w2xf",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:50:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:50:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-15329"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K61620494"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P83F-5G8V-2PRF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-13 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in Appsbd Elite Notification – Sales Popup, Social Proof, FOMO & WooCommerce Notification allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Elite Notification – Sales Popup, Social Proof, FOMO & WooCommerce Notification: from 1.5 through n/a.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-54241"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T15:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Appsbd Elite Notification \u2013 Sales Popup, Social Proof, FOMO \u0026 WooCommerce Notification allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Elite Notification \u2013 Sales Popup, Social Proof, FOMO \u0026 WooCommerce Notification: from 1.5 through n/a.",
"id": "GHSA-p83f-5g8v-2prf",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:27Z",
"published": "2024-12-13T15:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54241"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/elite-notification/vulnerability/wordpress-elite-notification-plugin-1-5-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P844-GJC4-J9H6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-14 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-14 12:32The JobCareer | Job Board Responsive WordPress Theme theme for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access, modification, and loss of data due to a missing capability checks on multiple functions in all versions up to, and including, 7.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary files, generate backups, restore backups, update theme options, and reset theme options to default settings.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-12810"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-14T12:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The JobCareer | Job Board Responsive WordPress Theme theme for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access, modification, and loss of data due to a missing capability checks on multiple functions in all versions up to, and including, 7.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete arbitrary files, generate backups, restore backups, update theme options, and reset theme options to default settings.",
"id": "GHSA-p844-gjc4-j9h6",
"modified": "2025-03-14T12:32:01Z",
"published": "2025-03-14T12:32:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12810"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://themeforest.net/item/jobcareer-job-board-responsive-wordpress-theme/14221636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/24889552-0db6-44e6-9b12-f31b5e92a42e?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P845-629J-RCJ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-17 16:36 – Updated: 2026-08-17 16:36Summary
The admin passkey reset endpoint lacked the role-level authorization check used by comparable privileged account-protection endpoints. A lower-privileged administrator could attempt passkey reset operations against same-level or higher-privileged users, including root-level accounts.
Impact
If the target account had a passkey configured, a lower-privileged administrator could remove that authentication factor and weaken the target account's protection boundary. The attacker still needed administrator privileges, so the issue is rated Medium.
Affected versions
The vulnerable admin passkey reset behavior was present from the passkey feature introduction in v0.9.1.3 through versions before v1.0.0-rc.7.
Patches
This issue is fixed in v1.0.0-rc.7. The fix adds a canManageTargetRole check to AdminResetPasskey before passkey lookup or deletion, preventing lower-privileged administrators from operating on same-level or higher-privileged users.
Workarounds
If upgrading immediately is not possible, restrict admin access to trusted operators only and block DELETE /api/user/:id/reset_passkey at the reverse proxy or gateway except for root operators.
References
- Fixed by commit
0936e2504655a5cbf7bc3c388f6d3e2bb24916d3. - Relevant code paths:
controller/passkey.go,controller/twofa.go, androuter/api-router.go.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/QuantumNous/new-api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.9.1.3"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.0-rc.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-64866"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-17T16:36:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nThe admin passkey reset endpoint lacked the role-level authorization check used by comparable privileged account-protection endpoints. A lower-privileged administrator could attempt passkey reset operations against same-level or higher-privileged users, including root-level accounts.\n\n## Impact\n\nIf the target account had a passkey configured, a lower-privileged administrator could remove that authentication factor and weaken the target account\u0027s protection boundary. The attacker still needed administrator privileges, so the issue is rated Medium.\n\n## Affected versions\n\nThe vulnerable admin passkey reset behavior was present from the passkey feature introduction in `v0.9.1.3` through versions before `v1.0.0-rc.7`.\n\n## Patches\n\nThis issue is fixed in `v1.0.0-rc.7`. The fix adds a `canManageTargetRole` check to `AdminResetPasskey` before passkey lookup or deletion, preventing lower-privileged administrators from operating on same-level or higher-privileged users.\n\n## Workarounds\n\nIf upgrading immediately is not possible, restrict admin access to trusted operators only and block `DELETE /api/user/:id/reset_passkey` at the reverse proxy or gateway except for root operators.\n\n## References\n\n- Fixed by commit `0936e2504655a5cbf7bc3c388f6d3e2bb24916d3`.\n- Relevant code paths: `controller/passkey.go`, `controller/twofa.go`, and `router/api-router.go`.",
"id": "GHSA-p845-629j-rcj6",
"modified": "2026-08-17T16:36:05Z",
"published": "2026-08-17T16:36:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/QuantumNous/new-api/security/advisories/GHSA-p845-629j-rcj6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/QuantumNous/new-api/pull/4929"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/QuantumNous/new-api/commit/0936e2504655a5cbf7bc3c388f6d3e2bb24916d3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/QuantumNous/new-api"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/QuantumNous/new-api/releases/tag/v1.0.0-rc.7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "New API: Admin can reset passkeys for same-level or higher-privileged users"
}
GHSA-P846-PPHV-WX7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-26 21:30 – Updated: 2023-02-02 15:30In onActivityResult of AvatarPickerActivity.java, there is a possible way to access images belonging to other users due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-246301995
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20912"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-26T21:18:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In onActivityResult of AvatarPickerActivity.java, there is a possible way to access images belonging to other users due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-246301995",
"id": "GHSA-p846-pphv-wx7g",
"modified": "2023-02-02T15:30:36Z",
"published": "2023-01-26T21:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2023-01-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P85G-FCHR-WQ24
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-18 09:31 – Updated: 2026-09-18 09:31The Master Addons for Elementor – Elementor Addons, Widgets, Mega Menu Builder, Popup Builder, Widget Builder & Template Kits plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 3.2.2. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to modify the title and metadata of arbitrary WordPress posts or permanently delete arbitrary WordPress posts by supplying an attacker-controlled popup_id. The required nonce is emitted on the edit-jltma_popup admin screen, which is accessible to Contributors because the jltma_popup custom post type is registered with capability_type='post'.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-85410"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-18T09:16:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Master Addons for Elementor \u2013 Elementor Addons, Widgets, Mega Menu Builder, Popup Builder, Widget Builder \u0026 Template Kits plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass in all versions up to, and including, 3.2.2. This is due to the plugin not properly verifying that a user is authorized to perform an action. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level access and above, to modify the title and metadata of arbitrary WordPress posts or permanently delete arbitrary WordPress posts by supplying an attacker-controlled popup_id. The required nonce is emitted on the edit-jltma_popup admin screen, which is accessible to Contributors because the jltma_popup custom post type is registered with capability_type=\u0027post\u0027.",
"id": "GHSA-p85g-fchr-wq24",
"modified": "2026-09-18T09:31:09Z",
"published": "2026-09-18T09:31:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-85410"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/master-addons/trunk/inc/admin/popup-builder/class-popup-admin.php#L127"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/master-addons/trunk/inc/admin/popup-builder/class-popup-admin.php#L188"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/master-addons/trunk/inc/admin/popup-builder/class-popup-admin.php#L197"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/master-addons/trunk/inc/admin/popup-builder/class-popup-admin.php#L267"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=\u0026old=3689763%40master-addons\u0026new=3689763%40master-addons"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/dd1fc16c-f36b-4c39-916d-36833630729e?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.