CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
18003 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-P23J-W6JC-GG7V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-06 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32The WOLF – WordPress Posts Bulk Editor and Manager Professional plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access, modification or loss of data due to a missing capability check on the wpbe_create_new_term, wpbe_update_tax_term, and wpbe_delete_tax_term functions in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.8.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber access or higher, to create, delete or modify taxonomy terms.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0791"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-05T22:16:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The WOLF \u2013 WordPress Posts Bulk Editor and Manager Professional plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access, modification or loss of data due to a missing capability check on the wpbe_create_new_term, wpbe_update_tax_term, and wpbe_delete_tax_term functions in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.8.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber access or higher, to create, delete or modify taxonomy terms.",
"id": "GHSA-p23j-w6jc-gg7v",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:33Z",
"published": "2024-02-06T00:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0791"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/bulk-editor/trunk/index.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=3028699%40bulk-editor%2Ftrunk\u0026old=3012874%40bulk-editor%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=3028699@bulk-editor/trunk\u0026old=3012874@bulk-editor/trunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/13c66a8f-b35f-4943-8880-0799b0d150f7?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P23Q-35X3-74M3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:46 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:46A vulnerability in the debug plug-in functionality of the Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) Manager, Cisco Firepower 4100 Series Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW), and Cisco Firepower 9300 Security Appliance could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands, aka Privilege Escalation. More Information: CSCvb86725 CSCvb86797. Known Affected Releases: 2.0(1.68) 3.1(1k)A. Known Fixed Releases: 92.2(1.105) 92.1(1.1733) 2.1(1.69).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-6598"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-07T17:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the debug plug-in functionality of the Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) Manager, Cisco Firepower 4100 Series Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW), and Cisco Firepower 9300 Security Appliance could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands, aka Privilege Escalation. More Information: CSCvb86725 CSCvb86797. Known Affected Releases: 2.0(1.68) 3.1(1k)A. Known Fixed Releases: 92.2(1.105) 92.1(1.1733) 2.1(1.69).",
"id": "GHSA-p23q-35x3-74m3",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:46:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:46:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6598"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20170405-ucs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97429"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038198"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P246-9QPC-9R7V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:03 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:03The scriptfu network server in GIMP 2.6 does not require authentication, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the python-fu-eval command.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-4245"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-08-31T18:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The scriptfu network server in GIMP 2.6 does not require authentication, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the python-fu-eval command.",
"id": "GHSA-p246-9qpc-9r7v",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:03:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:03:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-4245"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201603-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-08/0106.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/08/16/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/08/17/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/08/20/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.reactionpenetrationtesting.co.uk/GIMP-scriptfu-python-command-execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/55089"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.xerox.com/download/security/security-bulletin/16287-4d6b7b0c81f7b/cert_XRX13-003_v1.0.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-P249-R59G-9MXG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-30 09:30 – Updated: 2025-10-30 09:30The AppPresser – Mobile App Framework plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the 'myappp_verify' function in all versions up to, and including, 4.5.0. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to extract sensitive data including plugin and theme names and version numbers, which can be used to facilitate targeted attacks against outdated or vulnerable components.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11881"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-30T07:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The AppPresser \u2013 Mobile App Framework plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027myappp_verify\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 4.5.0. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to extract sensitive data including plugin and theme names and version numbers, which can be used to facilitate targeted attacks against outdated or vulnerable components.",
"id": "GHSA-p249-r59g-9mxg",
"modified": "2025-10-30T09:30:27Z",
"published": "2025-10-30T09:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/apppresser/tags/4.5.0/inc/AppPresser_WPAPI_Mods.php#L162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/apppresser/tags/4.5.0/inc/AppPresser_WPAPI_Mods.php#L879"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3385855"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/62c3f54c-6bfb-4f11-9457-a09d28f83175?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P258-XMH3-72PV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:41 – Updated: 2025-04-13 23:18The Nova EC2 API security group implementation in OpenStack Compute (Nova) 2013.1 before 2013.2.4 and icehouse before icehouse-rc2 does not enforce RBAC policies for (1) add_rules, (2) remove_rules, (3) destroy, and other unspecified methods in compute/api.py when using non-default policies, which allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges via these API requests.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "nova"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2013.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2013.2.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-0167"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-02-08T18:04:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2014-04-15T14:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Nova EC2 API security group implementation in OpenStack Compute (Nova) 2013.1 before 2013.2.4 and icehouse before icehouse-rc2 does not enforce RBAC policies for (1) add_rules, (2) remove_rules, (3) destroy, and other unspecified methods in compute/api.py when using non-default policies, which allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges via these API requests.",
"id": "GHSA-p258-xmh3-72pv",
"modified": "2025-04-13T23:18:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:41:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-0167"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014:1084"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2014-0167"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1084868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.net/bugs/1290537"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://opendev.org/openstack/nova"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2014/04/09/26"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2247-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenStack Compute (Nova) allows remote authenticated users to gain privileges via API requests"
}
GHSA-P25W-RW57-M43H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-09 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in nCrafts FormCraft allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects FormCraft: from n/a through 1.2.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47823"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-09T13:15:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in nCrafts FormCraft allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects FormCraft: from n/a through 1.2.7.",
"id": "GHSA-p25w-rw57-m43h",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:21Z",
"published": "2024-12-09T15:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47823"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/formcraft-form-builder/vulnerability/wordpress-formcraft-contact-form-builder-for-wordpress-plugin-1-2-7-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P267-JJFQ-PPHF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-11 09:30 – Updated: 2023-08-16 12:56Mattermost fails to check if the requesting user is a guest before performing different actions to public playbooks, resulting a guest being able to view, join, edit, export and archive public playbooks.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.9.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/v6"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.9.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.9.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.10.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/v6"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.10.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.10.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.8.7"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server/v6"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.8.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4106"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-11T21:49:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-11T07:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mattermost fails to check if the requesting user is a guest before performing different actions to public playbooks, resulting a guest being able to\u00a0view, join, edit, export and archive public playbooks.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-p267-jjfq-pphf",
"modified": "2023-08-16T12:56:34Z",
"published": "2023-08-11T09:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4106"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Mattermost fails to check if user is a guest before performing actions on public playbooks"
}
GHSA-P26C-JRQW-9C3H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-04 12:30 – Updated: 2023-01-10 18:30In messaging service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service in contacts service with no additional execution privileges needed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-44438"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-04T10:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In messaging service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service in contacts service with no additional execution privileges needed.",
"id": "GHSA-p26c-jrqw-9c3h",
"modified": "2023-01-10T18:30:28Z",
"published": "2023-01-04T12:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44438"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1610118225591336001"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P26V-FX3X-R2RP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-15 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-09 00:03Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-pqh6-8fxf-jx22. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
phpMyFAQ before 4.1.2 contains missing permission checks in ConfigurationTabController.php where 12 endpoints use userIsAuthenticated() instead of userHasPermission(CONFIGURATION_EDIT). Any authenticated user can enumerate system configuration metadata including permission model, cache backend, mail provider, and translation provider by querying /admin/api/configuration endpoints, violating least privilege access control.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "thorsten/phpmyfaq"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "phpmyfaq/phpmyfaq"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-09T00:03:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-15T19:17:01Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-pqh6-8fxf-jx22. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nphpMyFAQ before 4.1.2 contains missing permission checks in ConfigurationTabController.php where 12 endpoints use userIsAuthenticated() instead of userHasPermission(CONFIGURATION_EDIT). Any authenticated user can enumerate system configuration metadata including permission model, cache backend, mail provider, and translation provider by querying /admin/api/configuration endpoints, violating least privilege access control.",
"id": "GHSA-p26v-fx3x-r2rp",
"modified": "2026-06-09T00:03:10Z",
"published": "2026-05-15T21:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/thorsten/phpMyFAQ/security/advisories/GHSA-rm98-82fr-mcfx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/phpmyfaq-missing-permission-check-on-12-configuration-api-endpoints-allows-information-disclosure"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: phpMyFAQ\u0027s Missing CONFIGURATION_EDIT Permission Check on 12 Admin API Configuration Tab Endpoints Allows Information Disclosure by Any Authenticated User",
"withdrawn": "2026-06-09T00:03:10Z"
}
GHSA-P274-32Q4-G22C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-15 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in Rustaurius Front End Users allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Front End Users: from n/a through 3.2.32.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47580"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-15T17:15:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Rustaurius Front End Users allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Front End Users: from n/a through 3.2.32.",
"id": "GHSA-p274-32q4-g22c",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:05Z",
"published": "2025-05-15T18:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47580"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/front-end-only-users/vulnerability/wordpress-front-end-users-plugin-3-2-32-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.