CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
18003 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-M94J-RFCG-99C7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-26 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:34Missing Authorization vulnerability in AccessAlly PopupAlly.This issue affects PopupAlly: from n/a through 2.1.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-23520"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-26T12:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in AccessAlly PopupAlly.This issue affects PopupAlly: from n/a through 2.1.0.",
"id": "GHSA-m94j-rfcg-99c7",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:34:11Z",
"published": "2024-03-26T12:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/popupally/wordpress-popupally-plugin-2-1-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M95C-48MW-V3R3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:32Missing Authorization (CWE-862) in Kibana allows an authenticated user to access and modify Cloud Connect configuration and service settings without the required feature privileges, via direct requests to insufficiently protected product endpoints.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-63141"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:19:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization (CWE-862) in Kibana allows an authenticated user to access and modify Cloud Connect configuration and service settings without the required feature privileges, via direct requests to insufficiently protected product endpoints.",
"id": "GHSA-m95c-48mw-v3r3",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:32:34Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:32:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-63141"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/kibana-9-3-8-9-4-4-security-update-esa-2026-65/388566"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M95C-CHFX-GFMJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-10 09:31 – Updated: 2024-06-10 09:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in RafflePress Giveaways and Contests by RafflePress.This issue affects Giveaways and Contests by RafflePress: from n/a through 1.12.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4745"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-10T08:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in RafflePress Giveaways and Contests by RafflePress.This issue affects Giveaways and Contests by RafflePress: from n/a through 1.12.4.",
"id": "GHSA-m95c-chfx-gfmj",
"modified": "2024-06-10T09:31:06Z",
"published": "2024-06-10T09:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4745"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/rafflepress/wordpress-giveaways-and-contests-by-rafflepress-plugin-1-12-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M95M-H7F9-F822
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-22 09:30 – Updated: 2026-08-22 09:30A Missing Authorization vulnerability in the QueryEngineTask of Google Cloud Application Integration (versions from 2025-04-28 to 2026-04-04) allows an external attacker to access sensitive internal data.
The issue was patched on April 4, 2026; no customer action is required.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-12710"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-22T09:16:53Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A Missing Authorization vulnerability in the QueryEngineTask of Google Cloud Application Integration (versions from 2025-04-28 to 2026-04-04) allows an external attacker to access sensitive internal data.\n\n\n\n\nThe issue was patched on April 4, 2026; no customer action is required.",
"id": "GHSA-m95m-h7f9-f822",
"modified": "2026-08-22T09:30:25Z",
"published": "2026-08-22T09:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12710"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cloud.google.com/application-integration/docs/release-notes#August_21_2026"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Clear",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-M983-7426-5HRJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-24 22:25 – Updated: 2026-03-30 20:27Summary
A public access-control flaw allows unauthenticated users to retrieve the full user list from GET /api/allusers. This exposes user profile metadata to anyone who can reach the application and enables remote user enumeration.
Details
The vulnerable route is registered as a public endpoint:
internal/router/user.go:17appRouterGroup.PublicRouterGroup.GET("/allusers", h.UserHandler.GetAllUsers())
However, the handler appears to have been intended as an authenticated endpoint:
internal/handler/user/user.go:177-185- API annotations indicate an authentication requirement via
@Security ApiKeyAuth
This creates a mismatch between the documented security model and the actual routing configuration. As a result, requests to GET /api/allusers succeed without authentication and return user records, including profile metadata such as usernames, email addresses, role-related flags, avatar values, and locale information.
A negative control against another endpoint that correctly requires authentication further supports that this exposure is unintended: GET /api/user returns 401 Unauthorized when no token is supplied, while GET /api/allusers remains publicly accessible.
Impact
- Type: Access control bypass / unauthenticated data exposure
- Who is impacted: Any deployment exposing the API to untrusted networks, and all users whose profile metadata is returned by the endpoint
- Security impact: Enables remote user enumeration and disclosure of user profile metadata, which may facilitate account reconnaissance, phishing, and targeted credential attacks
- Attack preconditions: None beyond network access to the affected API endpoint
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/lin-snow/ech0"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.4.8-0.20260322121226-acbf1fd71011"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33638"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-24T22:25:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-26T21:17:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nA public access-control flaw allows unauthenticated users to retrieve the full user list from `GET /api/allusers`. This exposes user profile metadata to anyone who can reach the application and enables remote user enumeration.\n\n### Details\nThe vulnerable route is registered as a public endpoint:\n\n- `internal/router/user.go:17`\n - `appRouterGroup.PublicRouterGroup.GET(\"/allusers\", h.UserHandler.GetAllUsers())`\n\nHowever, the handler appears to have been intended as an authenticated endpoint:\n\n- `internal/handler/user/user.go:177-185`\n - API annotations indicate an authentication requirement via `@Security ApiKeyAuth`\n\nThis creates a mismatch between the documented security model and the actual routing configuration. As a result, requests to `GET /api/allusers` succeed without authentication and return user records, including profile metadata such as usernames, email addresses, role-related flags, avatar values, and locale information.\n\nA negative control against another endpoint that correctly requires authentication further supports that this exposure is unintended: `GET /api/user` returns `401 Unauthorized` when no token is supplied, while `GET /api/allusers` remains publicly accessible.\n\n### Impact\n- **Type:** Access control bypass / unauthenticated data exposure\n- **Who is impacted:** Any deployment exposing the API to untrusted networks, and all users whose profile metadata is returned by the endpoint\n- **Security impact:** Enables remote user enumeration and disclosure of user profile metadata, which may facilitate account reconnaissance, phishing, and targeted credential attacks\n- **Attack preconditions:** None beyond network access to the affected API endpoint",
"id": "GHSA-m983-7426-5hrj",
"modified": "2026-03-30T20:27:17Z",
"published": "2026-03-24T22:25:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lin-snow/Ech0/security/advisories/GHSA-m983-7426-5hrj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33638"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lin-snow/Ech0/commit/acbf1fd71011e6b9e1e6a911128056a19862f681"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/lin-snow/Ech0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lin-snow/Ech0/releases/tag/v4.2.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Ech0 authenticated user-list exposed data via public `/api/allusers` endpoint "
}
GHSA-M989-X9WM-G6P2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-13 12:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31Missing Authorization vulnerability in WebToffee Order Export & Order Import for WooCommerce order-import-export-for-woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Order Export & Order Import for WooCommerce: from n/a through <= 2.6.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-64382"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-13T10:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in WebToffee Order Export \u0026 Order Import for WooCommerce order-import-export-for-woocommerce allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Order Export \u0026 Order Import for WooCommerce: from n/a through \u003c= 2.6.7.",
"id": "GHSA-m989-x9wm-g6p2",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:56Z",
"published": "2025-11-13T12:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64382"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/order-import-export-for-woocommerce/vulnerability/wordpress-order-export-order-import-for-woocommerce-plugin-2-6-7-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/order-import-export-for-woocommerce/vulnerability/wordpress-order-export-order-import-for-woocommerce-plugin-2-6-7-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M99X-44QX-5F98
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-16 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in Chandrika Guntur, Morgan Kay Chamber Dashboard Business Directory allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Chamber Dashboard Business Directory: from n/a through 3.3.8.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-23917"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-16T21:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Chandrika Guntur, Morgan Kay Chamber Dashboard Business Directory allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Chamber Dashboard Business Directory: from n/a through 3.3.8.",
"id": "GHSA-m99x-44qx-5f98",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:30Z",
"published": "2025-01-16T21:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23917"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/chamber-dashboard-business-directory/vulnerability/wordpress-chamber-dashboard-business-directory-plugin-3-3-8-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M9C2-85GV-8XR5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-22 20:34 – Updated: 2026-09-22 20:34Impact
A vulnerability was found in Graylog's API endpoint for updating saved searches and dashboards. A user with edit permissions on a dashboard or saved search could grant owner permissions to an arbitrary account, which could then be used to delete the respective saved search or dashboard or to remove the original owner's access.
Patches
This issue has been patched in the following Graylog versions: 6.3.14, 7.0.9, 7.1.4. Affected users should upgrade to one of these versions or above to remediate the vulnerability.
Graylog Cloud has already been patched.
Workaround
There is no known workaround. Upgrading to a patched version is recommended.
Credits
Thanks to Jan Kahmen, turingpoint for reporting.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.graylog2:graylog2-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.3.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.graylog2:graylog2-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.graylog2:graylog2-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-69190"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-639",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-22T20:34:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-21T18:17:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nA vulnerability was found in Graylog\u0027s API endpoint for updating saved searches and dashboards. A user with edit permissions on a dashboard or saved search could grant owner permissions to an arbitrary account, which could then be used to delete the respective saved search or dashboard or to remove the original owner\u0027s access. \n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue has been patched in the following Graylog versions: `6.3.14`, `7.0.9`, `7.1.4`. Affected users should upgrade to one of these versions or above to remediate the vulnerability.\n\nGraylog Cloud has already been patched.\n\n### Workaround\n\nThere is no known workaround. Upgrading to a patched version is recommended.\n\n### Credits\n\nThanks to [Jan Kahmen](https://github.com/kah-ja), [turingpoint](https://www.turingpoint.de) for reporting.",
"id": "GHSA-m9c2-85gv-8xr5",
"modified": "2026-09-22T20:34:33Z",
"published": "2026-09-22T20:34:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/security/advisories/GHSA-m9c2-85gv-8xr5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-69190"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/pull/26344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/commit/9303f395dd29c03abd8885f1c7d1c90f8aae72d4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/commit/ac1c0b19e3f44c2eed8e95f4d398ba455e30a8f2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/commit/c87879642537d07760a572ba01b76cb657582608"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/commit/e98c6670d05748a9749ab0646be7f40561734b42"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/releases/tag/6.3.14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/releases/tag/7.0.9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/releases/tag/7.1.4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Graylog: Manager-to-Owner privilege escalation on saved searches and dashboards"
}
GHSA-M9CR-G8P8-8X4R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-13 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-23 15:33Missing Authorization vulnerability in weDevs WP Project Manager allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects WP Project Manager: from n/a through 2.6.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40003"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T15:15:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in weDevs WP Project Manager allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects WP Project Manager: from n/a through 2.6.7.",
"id": "GHSA-m9cr-g8p8-8x4r",
"modified": "2026-04-23T15:33:49Z",
"published": "2024-12-13T15:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wedevs-project-manager/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-project-manager-plugin-2-6-7-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M9G7-GC6X-55X7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-20 12:30 – Updated: 2026-09-20 12:30Frappe ERPNext versions before 15.121.0 and 16.x before 16.34.0 contain an information disclosure vulnerability in whitelisted timesheet endpoints that fail to enforce doctype permissions. Authenticated attackers can call get_projectwise_timesheet_data, get_timesheet_detail_rate, and get_timesheet endpoints to enumerate and retrieve billable time logs including project names, billing amounts, and work descriptions without proper authorization checks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-94113"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-20T12:17:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Frappe ERPNext versions before 15.121.0 and 16.x before 16.34.0 contain an information disclosure vulnerability in whitelisted timesheet endpoints that fail to enforce doctype permissions. Authenticated attackers can call get_projectwise_timesheet_data, get_timesheet_detail_rate, and get_timesheet endpoints to enumerate and retrieve billable time logs including project names, billing amounts, and work descriptions without proper authorization checks.",
"id": "GHSA-m9g7-gc6x-55x7",
"modified": "2026-09-20T12:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-09-20T12:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/frappe/erpnext/security/advisories/GHSA-9vph-hqmm-g7hq"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-94113"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/frappe/erpnext/pull/58576"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/frappe/erpnext/commit/c656497aac76af82eea028e3e8cb8d5380385f0f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/frappe/erpnext/commit/d5df40986d72a55d414ddaf4d382883f9df31e41"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/frappe-erpnext-before-15.121.0-and-16.34.0-missing-authorization-in-timesheet-endpoints"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.