Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

18003 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-HCH9-R5FG-6P72

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-15 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-21 18:31
VLAI
Details

Concrete CMS before 9.5.3 did not enforce a destination-side authorization check and did not validate a CSRF token in the multilingual page assignment backend action (Backend\Page\Multilingual::assign). As a result, an authenticated user who held the Edit Page Multilingual Settings permission on a single page could bind an arbitrary page in another locale as that source page's translation, and could delete legitimate translation pairs maintained by other editors, altering public-facing language routing across the site. The Concrete CMS security team gave this vulnerability a CVSS v4.0 score of 2.1 with vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N. Thanks Winston Crooker for reporting.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-18422"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-15T20:17:09Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Concrete CMS before 9.5.3 did not enforce a destination-side authorization check and did not validate a CSRF token in the multilingual page assignment backend action (Backend\\Page\\Multilingual::assign). As a result, an authenticated user who held the Edit Page Multilingual Settings permission on a single page could bind an arbitrary page in another locale as that source page\u0027s translation, and could delete legitimate translation pairs maintained by other editors, altering public-facing language routing across the site.\u00a0The Concrete CMS security team gave this vulnerability a CVSS v4.0 score of 2.1 with vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N. Thanks Winston Crooker for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-hch9-r5fg-6p72",
  "modified": "2026-09-21T18:31:45Z",
  "published": "2026-09-15T21:31:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-18422"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://documentation.concretecms.org/developers/introduction/version-history/953-release-notes"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HCJF-Q57R-CMV3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-04 12:30 – Updated: 2023-01-10 18:30
VLAI
Details

In music service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service in contacts service with no additional execution privileges needed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-44424"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-04T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In music service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local denial of service in contacts service with no additional execution privileges needed.",
  "id": "GHSA-hcjf-q57r-cmv3",
  "modified": "2023-01-10T18:30:29Z",
  "published": "2023-01-04T12:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44424"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1610118225591336001"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HCJR-6JQ3-392P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-01 00:01 – Updated: 2023-10-27 20:12
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins Failed Job Deactivator Plugin Missing Authorization vulnerability
Details

Jenkins Failed Job Deactivator Plugin 1.2.1 and earlier does not perform permission checks in several views and HTTP endpoints.

This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to disable jobs.

Additionally, these endpoints do not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.

As of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "de.einsundeins.jenkins.plugins.failedjobdeactivator:failedJobDeactivator"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-34818"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-12T15:28:33Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-30T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins Failed Job Deactivator Plugin 1.2.1 and earlier does not perform permission checks in several views and HTTP endpoints.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to disable jobs.\n\nAdditionally, these endpoints do not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.",
  "id": "GHSA-hcjr-6jq3-392p",
  "modified": "2023-10-27T20:12:51Z",
  "published": "2022-07-01T00:01:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34818"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/failedjobdeactivator-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-06-30/#SECURITY-2061"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins Failed Job Deactivator Plugin Missing Authorization vulnerability"
}

GHSA-HCJX-9PVM-FJ4V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-09 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Profilegrid ProfileGrid – User Profiles, Memberships, Groups and Communities.This issue affects ProfileGrid – User Profiles, Memberships, Groups and Communities: from n/a through 5.0.3.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-36352"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-08T22:15:44Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Profilegrid ProfileGrid \u2013 User Profiles, Memberships, Groups and Communities.This issue affects ProfileGrid \u2013 User Profiles, Memberships, Groups and Communities: from n/a through 5.0.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-hcjx-9pvm-fj4v",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:48Z",
  "published": "2024-01-09T00:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36352"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/profilegrid-user-profiles-groups-and-communities/wordpress-profilegrid-plugin-5-0-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HCM3-8F6R-6XWG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 16:54 – Updated: 2026-07-02 16:54
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Browser debug/export routes could reuse already-open blocked tabs
Details

Summary

Browser debug/export routes could reuse already-open blocked tabs. In affected versions, a caller that can reference an already-open browser tab could reuse blocked private-network tabs without reapplying the expected SSRF policy.

This advisory is scoped to the named feature and configuration. It does not change OpenClaw's trusted-operator model: authenticated Gateway operators, installed plugins, and intentional local execution surfaces remain trusted unless a separate policy, approval, allowlist, sandbox, or auth boundary is crossed.

Impact

When the affected feature is enabled and reachable, this could export or inspect content from a tab that should have stayed behind the browser network policy. Practical impact depends on the operator's configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.

Patched Versions

The first stable patched version is 2026.4.29.

Mitigations

close blocked tabs before debug/export use and restrict browser debug routes until patched. As general hardening, keep channel and tool allowlists narrow, avoid sharing one Gateway between mutually untrusted users, and disable the affected feature when it is not needed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.4.29"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-02T16:54:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nBrowser debug/export routes could reuse already-open blocked tabs. In affected versions, a caller that can reference an already-open browser tab could reuse blocked private-network tabs without reapplying the expected SSRF policy.\n\nThis advisory is scoped to the named feature and configuration. It does not change OpenClaw\u0027s trusted-operator model: authenticated Gateway operators, installed plugins, and intentional local execution surfaces remain trusted unless a separate policy, approval, allowlist, sandbox, or auth boundary is crossed.\n\n### Impact\n\nWhen the affected feature is enabled and reachable, this could export or inspect content from a tab that should have stayed behind the browser network policy. Practical impact depends on the operator\u0027s configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.\n\n### Patched Versions\n\nThe first stable patched version is `2026.4.29`.\n\n### Mitigations\n\nclose blocked tabs before debug/export use and restrict browser debug routes until patched. As general hardening, keep channel and tool allowlists narrow, avoid sharing one Gateway between mutually untrusted users, and disable the affected feature when it is not needed.",
  "id": "GHSA-hcm3-8f6r-6xwg",
  "modified": "2026-07-02T16:54:44Z",
  "published": "2026-07-02T16:54:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-hcm3-8f6r-6xwg"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Browser debug/export routes could reuse already-open blocked tabs"
}

GHSA-HCM9-4HPJ-8JV9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-01 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Galaxy Weblinks WP Clone any post type allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects WP Clone any post type: from n/a through 3.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-31872"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-01T15:16:29Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Galaxy Weblinks WP Clone any post type allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects WP Clone any post type: from n/a through 3.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-hcm9-4hpj-8jv9",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:24Z",
  "published": "2025-04-01T15:31:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31872"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wp-clone-any-post-type/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-clone-any-post-type-plugin-3-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HCMF-56QP-GHH2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-27 09:31 – Updated: 2026-05-27 09:31
VLAI
Details

The Enable jQuery Migrate Helper plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the downgrade_jquery_version() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.1. This is due to the function only verifying a nonce without checking user capabilities. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to downgrade the site-wide jQuery version from 3.7.1 to the legacy 1.12.4-wp release, which has knowns security vulnerabilities.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-3279"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-27T08:16:40Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Enable jQuery Migrate Helper plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the `downgrade_jquery_version()` function in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.1. This is due to the function only verifying a nonce without checking user capabilities. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to downgrade the site-wide jQuery version from 3.7.1 to the legacy 1.12.4-wp release, which has knowns security vulnerabilities.",
  "id": "GHSA-hcmf-56qp-ghh2",
  "modified": "2026-05-27T09:31:14Z",
  "published": "2026-05-27T09:31:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3279"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/enable-jquery-migrate-helper/tags/1.4.1/class-jquery-migrate-helper.php#L225"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/enable-jquery-migrate-helper/tags/1.4.1/class-jquery-migrate-helper.php#L256"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/enable-jquery-migrate-helper/trunk/class-jquery-migrate-helper.php#L225"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/enable-jquery-migrate-helper/trunk/class-jquery-migrate-helper.php#L256"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/1a74d5f4-1dd8-4d49-b4ce-8ba7ac9cbcc7?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HCP8-2V69-C2FM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-24 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in bPlugins Animated Text Block allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Animated Text Block: from n/a through 1.0.7.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-26883"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-24T15:15:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in bPlugins Animated Text Block allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Animated Text Block: from n/a through 1.0.7.",
  "id": "GHSA-hcp8-2v69-c2fm",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:47Z",
  "published": "2025-02-24T15:30:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26883"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/animated-text-block/vulnerability/wordpress-animated-text-block-plugin-1-0-7-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HCPR-9CM8-436X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-10 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-10 21:31
VLAI
Details

A missing authorization vulnerability in OpenNMS Horizon allows configuration changes without authentication. The Spring Security policy for the /api/v2 REST API defines authorization rules for every HTTP method except PATCH, so the shipped @PATCH configuration endpoints for event configuration and SNMP data collection (which enable and disable event definitions and data-collection sources) are reachable with no authorization enforced. An unauthenticated attacker able to reach the web UI can disable event definitions and SNMP data collection, suppressing event and alarm generation and stopping metric collection - silently degrading monitoring and detection - with the change persisted and reloaded into the running system.

The solution is to upgrade to Horizon 36.0.4 or newer. Meridian and Horizon installation instructions state that they are intended for installation within an organization's private networks and should not be directly accessible from the Internet.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-89054"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-10T20:17:31Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A missing authorization vulnerability in OpenNMS Horizon allows configuration changes without authentication. The Spring Security policy for the /api/v2 REST API defines authorization rules for every HTTP method except PATCH, so the shipped @PATCH configuration endpoints for event configuration and SNMP data collection (which enable and disable event definitions and data-collection sources) are reachable with no authorization enforced. An unauthenticated attacker able to reach the web UI can disable event definitions and SNMP data collection, suppressing event and alarm generation and stopping metric collection - silently degrading monitoring and detection - with the change persisted and reloaded into the running system.\n\n\n\nThe solution is to upgrade to Horizon 36.0.4 or newer. Meridian and Horizon installation instructions state that they are intended for installation within an organization\u0027s private networks and should not be directly accessible from the Internet.",
  "id": "GHSA-hcpr-9cm8-436x",
  "modified": "2026-09-10T21:31:36Z",
  "published": "2026-09-10T21:31:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-89054"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenNMS/opennms/pull/8833"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-HCPW-V727-64QH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-19 21:30 – Updated: 2023-06-20 16:35
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins Team Concert Plugin does not perform permission checks in methods implementing form validation
Details

Jenkins Team Concert Plugin 2.4.1 and earlier does not perform permission checks in methods implementing form validation.

This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to check for the existence of an attacker-specified file path on the Jenkins controller file system.

Team Concert Plugin 2.4.2 requires Overall/Administer permission for the affected form validation methods.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:teamconcert"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-3315"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-20T16:35:50Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-19T21:15:42Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins Team Concert Plugin 2.4.1 and earlier does not perform permission checks in methods implementing form validation.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to check for the existence of an attacker-specified file path on the Jenkins controller file system.\n\nTeam Concert Plugin 2.4.2 requires Overall/Administer permission for the affected form validation methods.",
  "id": "GHSA-hcpw-v727-64qh",
  "modified": "2023-06-20T16:35:50Z",
  "published": "2023-06-19T21:30:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3315"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/teamconcert-plugin/commit/c77dc8406070edead2a697f26f629465fef72d16"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-06-14/#SECURITY-2932"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins Team Concert Plugin does not perform permission checks in methods implementing form validation"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.