Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-79
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
71490 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-91165 (GCVE-0-2026-91165)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 18:53 – Updated: 2026-09-21 19:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Warpgate: Markup injection in SSO form_post return page via unencoded redirect/error values
Summary
Warpgate is an open source SSH, HTTPS and MySQL bastion host for Linux. Prior to 0.27.6, the response_mode=form_post SSO return path in warpgate-protocol-http/src/api/sso_provider_list.rs uses serde_json::to_string inside ReturnToSsoPostResponse without neutralizing a script-closing sequence. The vulnerable value can enter the script block through the attacker-controlled next redirect parameter stored by warpgate-protocol-http/src/api/sso_provider_detail.rs or through IdP-derived error messages that make_redirect_url concatenates without URL encoding. The IdP-derived path is reachable when the attacker controls a configured identity provider, or when the attacker controls the email or username claim on an attacker-controlled account and the configured identity provider permits the required unvalidated claim format. A victim must complete the form_post SSO flow for the injected markup to be rendered. The Warpgate Content-Security-Policy blocks injected JavaScript and event handlers, so the demonstrated impact is content spoofing, a false login form, or a meta refresh rather than script execution. This issue is fixed in version 0.27.6.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 19:26 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/commit/e944… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-91146 (GCVE-0-2026-91146)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 21:45 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Takahe through 0.11.0 Cross-Site Scripting via javascript: URL Scheme
Summary
Takahe through 0.11.0 fails to restrict URL schemes in link hrefs within federated post content and profile summaries, allowing remote actors to inject javascript: links. Attackers can deliver federated content with malicious javascript: hrefs that execute in the instance origin when clicked, enabling session hijacking or impersonation of viewers.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 17:14 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jointakahe/takahe/issues/728 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/jointakahe/takahe | product |
| https://github.com/jointakahe/takahe/blob/0.11.0/… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/takahe-throu… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jointakahe | takahe |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 0.11.0
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-08-04 00:00
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CVE-2026-91127 (GCVE-0-2026-91127)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 17:18 – Updated: 2026-09-22 15:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
File Viewer: DOM XSS via unsafe hyperlink schemes in the legacy DOC renderer
Summary
File Viewer is a browser-native viewer for Office, PDF, CAD, archive, and other files in private and internal web applications. Prior to @file-viewer/doc 2.3.1 and msdoc-viewer 0.2.2, the legacy DOC renderer emitted document-controlled hyperlink targets into generated HTML after character escaping but without restricting URL schemes. A crafted legacy DOC file could place javascript:, vbscript:, data:, or another unsafe scheme in a rendered link, and script could execute in the embedding application's origin when a user clicked the link. The fix blocks external document links by default, allows only HTTP(S), mail, telephone, safe relative URLs, and internal bookmarks when external links are explicitly enabled, and applies mount-boundary sanitization as defense in depth. This issue is fixed in @file-viewer/doc 2.3.1 and msdoc-viewer 0.2.2.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 15:10 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/flyfish-dev/file-viewer/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/flyfish-dev/file-viewer/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/flyfish-dev/file-viewer/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| flyfish-dev | file-viewer |
Affected:
< 2.3.1
|
|
| @file-viewer | doc |
Affected:
< 2.3.1
|
|
| flyfish-dev | msdoc-viewer |
Affected:
< 0.2.2
|
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CVE-2026-91122 (GCVE-0-2026-91122)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-24 16:56 – Updated: 2026-09-24 17:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Discourse: Chat MessageBus delivers read-restricted messages to unauthorized users
Summary
Discourse is an open-source discussion platform. Prior to 2026.1.8, 2026.6.3, 2026.7.2, and 2026.8.0, the video placeholder component allowed crafted HTML to cause an attribute breakout and inject an attacker-controlled event handler. An authenticated user with default trust-level posting privileges could store the crafted placeholder in a post. When another user opened the post and clicked the video play overlay, the handler could execute arbitrary JavaScript in the viewer's session. Default Content Security Policy settings block inline event handlers, but instances with CSP disabled or relaxed could allow the script to read page content and make authenticated requests as the viewer. This issue is fixed in versions 2026.1.8, 2026.6.3, 2026.7.2, and 2026.8.0.
Severity
8.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-24 17:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/pull/42882 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/05d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/567… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/c39… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/d71… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-91121 (GCVE-0-2026-91121)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-24 17:05 – Updated: 2026-09-24 17:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Discourse: Chat upload filenames rendered as raw HTML in excerpts
Summary
Discourse is an open-source discussion platform. Prior to 2026.1.8, 2026.6.3, 2026.7.2, and 2026.8.0, attacker-controlled upload filenames used in chat message excerpts were rendered as unescaped HTML. A user able to upload a file and send chat content could place markup in a filename that was then interpreted by chat channel lists, chat summary emails, pinned message bars, reply previews, thread previews, and other excerpt renderers. The issue allowed trusted-HTML injection that altered rendered excerpt content, but JavaScript execution was not demonstrated with default Content Security Policy settings. The advisory states that no confidentiality, integrity, or availability impact was identified, while its structured scoring metadata separately assigns low integrity impact. Sites that disable or relax the default CSP have increased exposure. This issue is fixed in versions 2026.1.8, 2026.6.3, 2026.7.2, and 2026.8.0.
Severity
5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-24 17:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/pull/42882 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/24c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/6e7… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/9d6… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/af1… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-91120 (GCVE-0-2026-91120)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-24 17:00 – Updated: 2026-09-24 17:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Discourse: Stored HTML injection in video notification emails
Summary
Discourse is an open-source discussion platform. Prior to 2026.1.8, 2026.6.3, 2026.7.2, and 2026.8.0, provider-controlled video titles in lazy video embeds could be reparsed as HTML when Discourse generated notification emails or chat summaries. A user with standard posting privileges could create a post for an enabled YouTube, Vimeo, or TikTok provider whose title contained markup, and the email and chat-summary rendering path would place that markup into the output instead of treating it solely as text. Recipients using HTML-capable email clients could see injected content, potentially including event handlers, but the issue did not directly expose a Discourse browser session or affect the forum page itself. Lazy video embeds must be enabled, which is the default configuration. This issue is fixed in versions 2026.1.8, 2026.6.3, 2026.7.2, and 2026.8.0.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-24 17:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/pull/42882 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/6bf… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/833… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/e7d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/ed8… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-91119 (GCVE-0-2026-91119)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-24 17:07 – Updated: 2026-09-28 15:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Discourse: Encode action_code_who in mention URLs
Summary
Discourse is an open-source discussion platform. Prior to 2026.1.8, 2026.6.3, 2026.7.2, and 2026.8.0, the topic small-action and nested-activity-log components interpolated the free-form action_code_who value into mention-link href attributes without URL encoding. A quote-bearing display name could terminate the intended URL attribute and inject attacker-controlled elements into the trusted rendered markup. Although the visible mention text was escaped, the unencoded path component allowed stored HTML injection when another user viewed the affected topic action or activity log. This issue is fixed in versions 2026.1.8, 2026.6.3, 2026.7.2, and 2026.8.0.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-28 14:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/pull/42882 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/20d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/666… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/77a… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/c47… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-90992 (GCVE-0-2026-90992)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-01 08:28 – Updated: 2026-10-01 18:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Redux Framework <= 4.5.14 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting via 'user-mediaurl' Media Field
Summary
The Redux Framework plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via User Meta Merge via 'user-mediaurl' Media Field in all versions up to, and including, 4.5.14 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page. This is exploitable by Subscriber-level users who can store a payload in user meta fields such as the biography, session_tokens (via a crafted User-Agent at login), or persisted_preferences (via the REST API), which are then promoted to the site-wide redux_demo option when a media URL repair is triggered on the demo panel.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 18:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| davidanderson | Redux Framework |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.5.14
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-90986 (GCVE-0-2026-90986)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 13:24 – Updated: 2026-09-17 14:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress Visitor Traffic Real Time Statistics Pro plugin <= 11.21 - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability
Summary
Unauthenticated Cross Site Scripting (XSS) in Visitor Traffic Real Time Statistics Pro <= 11.21 versions.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 14:42 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CODEPRESS IT Solutions LLC | Visitor Traffic Real Time Statistics Pro |
Affected:
n/a , ≤ 11.21
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-90981 (GCVE-0-2026-90981)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 07:40 – Updated: 2026-09-18 11:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Newsletter <= 9.3.8 - Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via 'nn' Parameter
Summary
The Newsletter – Send awesome emails from WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via the 'nn' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 9.3.8 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that execute if they can successfully trick a user into performing an action such as clicking on a link. Successful exploitation requires the victim to be a logged-in administrator, as the antibot check auto-passes for authenticated users, routing the unsanitized payload through the administrator-visible output branch of dienow().
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 11:29 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| satollo | Newsletter – Send awesome emails from WordPress |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 9.3.8
(semver)
|
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Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Examples of libraries and frameworks that make it easier to generate properly encoded output include Microsoft's Anti-XSS library, the OWASP ESAPI Encoding module, and Apache Wicket.
Mitigation
Implementation
Architecture and Design
- Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
- For any data that will be output to another web page, especially any data that was received from external inputs, use the appropriate encoding on all non-alphanumeric characters.
- Parts of the same output document may require different encodings, which will vary depending on whether the output is in the:
- etc. Note that HTML Entity Encoding is only appropriate for the HTML body.
- Consult the XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet [REF-724] for more details on the types of encoding and escaping that are needed.
- HTML body
- Element attributes (such as src="XYZ")
- URIs
- JavaScript sections
- Cascading Style Sheets and style property
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Mitigation MIT-30.1
Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
- Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
- The problem of inconsistent output encodings often arises in web pages. If an encoding is not specified in an HTTP header, web browsers often guess about which encoding is being used. This can open up the browser to subtle XSS attacks.
Mitigation MIT-43
Implementation
With Struts, write all data from form beans with the bean's filter attribute set to true.
Mitigation MIT-31
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
To help mitigate XSS attacks against the user's session cookie, set the session cookie to be HttpOnly. In browsers that support the HttpOnly feature (such as more recent versions of Internet Explorer and Firefox), this attribute can prevent the user's session cookie from being accessible to malicious client-side scripts that use document.cookie. This is not a complete solution, since HttpOnly is not supported by all browsers. More importantly, XmlHttpRequest and other powerful browser technologies provide read access to HTTP headers, including the Set-Cookie header in which the HttpOnly flag is set.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When dynamically constructing web pages, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. All input should be validated and cleansed, not just parameters that the user is supposed to specify, but all data in the request, including hidden fields, cookies, headers, the URL itself, and so forth. A common mistake that leads to continuing XSS vulnerabilities is to validate only fields that are expected to be redisplayed by the site. It is common to see data from the request that is reflected by the application server or the application that the development team did not anticipate. Also, a field that is not currently reflected may be used by a future developer. Therefore, validating ALL parts of the HTTP request is recommended.
- Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing XSS, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent XSS, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, in a chat application, the heart emoticon ("<3") would likely pass the validation step, since it is commonly used. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the web page because it contains the "<" character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the "<" might reduce the risk of XSS, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the emoticon would not be recorded. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it would be more important in a mathematical forum that wants to represent inequalities.
- Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.
- Ensure that you perform input validation at well-defined interfaces within the application. This will help protect the application even if a component is reused or moved elsewhere.
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-209: XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch
An adversary creates a file with scripting content but where the specified MIME type of the file is such that scripting is not expected. The adversary tricks the victim into accessing a URL that responds with the script file. Some browsers will detect that the specified MIME type of the file does not match the actual type of its content and will automatically switch to using an interpreter for the real content type. If the browser does not invoke script filters before doing this, the adversary's script may run on the target unsanitized, possibly revealing the victim's cookies or executing arbitrary script in their browser.
CAPEC-588: DOM-Based XSS
This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is inserted into the client-side HTML being parsed by a web browser. Content served by a vulnerable web application includes script code used to manipulate the Document Object Model (DOM). This script code either does not properly validate input, or does not perform proper output encoding, thus creating an opportunity for an adversary to inject a malicious script launch a XSS attack. A key distinction between other XSS attacks and DOM-based attacks is that in other XSS attacks, the malicious script runs when the vulnerable web page is initially loaded, while a DOM-based attack executes sometime after the page loads. Another distinction of DOM-based attacks is that in some cases, the malicious script is never sent to the vulnerable web server at all. An attack like this is guaranteed to bypass any server-side filtering attempts to protect users.
CAPEC-591: Reflected XSS
This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is "reflected" off a vulnerable web application and then executed by a victim's browser. The process starts with an adversary delivering a malicious script to a victim and convincing the victim to send the script to the vulnerable web application.
CAPEC-592: Stored XSS
An adversary utilizes a form of Cross-site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is persistently "stored" within the data storage of a vulnerable web application as valid input.
CAPEC-63: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
An adversary embeds malicious scripts in content that will be served to web browsers. The goal of the attack is for the target software, the client-side browser, to execute the script with the users' privilege level. An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute code and scripts. Web browsers, for example, have some simple security controls in place, but if a remote attacker is allowed to execute scripts (through injecting them in to user-generated content like bulletin boards) then these controls may be bypassed. Further, these attacks are very difficult for an end user to detect.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.