CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2409 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6WRX-4M6W-9VW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-11 00:30A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC CN 4100 (All versions < V4.0.1). The affected device stores sensitive information in the firmware. This could allow an attacker to access and misuse this information, potentially impacting the device’s confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-40938"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:17:47Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC CN 4100 (All versions \u003c V4.0.1). The affected device stores sensitive information in the firmware. This could allow an attacker to access and misuse this information, potentially impacting the device\u2019s confidentiality, integrity, and availability.",
"id": "GHSA-6wrx-4m6w-9vw2",
"modified": "2025-12-11T00:30:28Z",
"published": "2025-12-09T18:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40938"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-416652.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6X2G-9WVJ-4Q72
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-14 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-18 00:00Penta Security Systems Inc WAPPLES v6.0 r3 4.10-hotfix1 allows attackers to escalate privileges via overwriting files using SUID flagged executables.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31322"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-13T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Penta Security Systems Inc WAPPLES v6.0 r3 4.10-hotfix1 allows attackers to escalate privileges via overwriting files using SUID flagged executables.",
"id": "GHSA-6x2g-9wvj-4q72",
"modified": "2022-09-18T00:00:35Z",
"published": "2022-09-14T00:00:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31322"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@_sadshade/wapples-web-application-firewall-multiple-vulnerabilities-35bdee52c8fb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.pentasecurity.com/product/wapples"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6X2M-2W3Q-QQP5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-31 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-12 00:02Netgear Nighthawk R6700 version 1.0.4.120 makes use of a hardcoded credential. It does not appear that normal users are intended to be able to manipulate configuration backups due to the fact that they are encrypted/obfuscated. By extracting the configuration using readily available public tools, a user can reconfigure settings not intended to be manipulated, repackage the configuration, and restore a backup causing these settings to be changed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45732"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-30T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Netgear Nighthawk R6700 version 1.0.4.120 makes use of a hardcoded credential. It does not appear that normal users are intended to be able to manipulate configuration backups due to the fact that they are encrypted/obfuscated. By extracting the configuration using readily available public tools, a user can reconfigure settings not intended to be manipulated, repackage the configuration, and restore a backup causing these settings to be changed.",
"id": "GHSA-6x2m-2w3q-qqp5",
"modified": "2022-01-12T00:02:04Z",
"published": "2021-12-31T00:00:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45732"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2021-57"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6X5R-G9RC-HHP2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-09 15:35 – Updated: 2026-09-09 15:35Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains an Use of Hard-coded Credentials vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to information exposure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-79738"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-09T14:17:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains an Use of Hard-coded Credentials vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to information exposure.",
"id": "GHSA-6x5r-g9rc-hhp2",
"modified": "2026-09-09T15:35:11Z",
"published": "2026-09-09T15:35:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-79738"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-in/000503426/dsa-2026-382-security-update-for-dell-secure-connect-gateway-virtual-edition-multiple-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6X8R-C56M-HH3P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-11-27 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-01 00:00HejHome GKW-IC052 IP Camera contained a hard-coded credentials vulnerability. This issue allows remote attackers to operate the IP Camera.(reboot, factory reset, snapshot etc..)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-26611"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-26T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "HejHome GKW-IC052 IP Camera contained a hard-coded credentials vulnerability. This issue allows remote attackers to operate the IP Camera.(reboot, factory reset, snapshot etc..)",
"id": "GHSA-6x8r-c56m-hh3p",
"modified": "2021-12-01T00:00:48Z",
"published": "2021-11-27T00:00:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26611"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.boho.or.kr/krcert/secNoticeView.do?bulletin_writing_sequence=36359"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6XGV-G9H7-CHVC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-05 18:31 – Updated: 2025-12-08 18:30Authentication Bypass via Hardcoded Credentials GoAway up to v0.62.18, fixed in 0.62.19, uses a hardcoded secret for signing JWT tokens used for authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-65730"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-05T16:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Authentication Bypass via Hardcoded Credentials GoAway up to v0.62.18, fixed in 0.62.19, uses a hardcoded secret for signing JWT tokens used for authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-6xgv-g9h7-chvc",
"modified": "2025-12-08T18:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-12-05T18:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pommee/goaway/commit/5769f8782b7453ca1c22a201b224b5ce48532f64#diff-4ddfd6cf1311ddfd45734bb1dc53bc208df69584ba92ac4f38866bd558434678L15-L40"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gian2dchris/CVEs/tree/CVE-2025-65730/CVE-2025-65730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pommee/goaway/blob/v0.62.18/backend/api/auth.go#L48"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pommee/goaway/blob/v0.62.18/backend/api/middleware.go#L110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pommee/goaway/blob/v0.62.18/backend/api/middleware.go#L15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pommee/goaway/blob/v0.62.18/backend/api/middleware.go#L40"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pommee/goaway/blob/v0.62.18/backend/api/middleware.go#L69"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pommee/goaway/blob/v0.62.18/backend/api/middleware.go#L88"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pommee/goaway/releases/tag/v0.62.16"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6XP5-7RCX-XFGX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-07 16:12 – Updated: 2026-10-07 16:12Summary
On every fresh Homer deployment using internal authentication, the bootstrap process automatically creates an admin account with the password sipcapture (stored as a legacy SHA-256 hex hash). There is no first-login forced-change mechanism. Any attacker who reaches the login endpoint immediately gains full administrative access.
Details
config/config.go lines 858-861:
// DefaultInternalAuthPasswordHash is the SHA-256 hex digest of the default
// bootstrap password (cleartext: sipcapture).
const DefaultInternalAuthPasswordHash = "883ffc1f37fd0fe542b0fb9740035c4383e7d976c411161d24e62edace280f90"
coordinator/services/auth_bootstrap.go lines 20-71: EnsureBootstrapAdminUser() runs at startup. If no admin user exists, it inserts a row with username=admin, password_hash=DefaultInternalAuthPasswordHash. No force_change, no first_login flag, no expiry is set.
coordinator/services/auth_bootstrap_test.go line 114 confirms the plaintext:
u, err := svc.Authenticate(ctx, "admin", "sipcapture")
passwordhash/password.go lines 36-45: Legacy SHA-256 hex hashes are accepted via legacySHA256HexEqual, so the default credential is functional on any deployment.
PoC
# Authenticate with default credentials — works on any fresh Homer deployment
curl -s -X POST http://<homer-host>/api/v3/auth \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{"username":"admin","password":"sipcapture"}'
# Response: {"token":"<admin-jwt>","data":{"userGroup":"admin"}}
# Use the token to access all admin functionality
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <admin-jwt>" http://<homer-host>/api/v3/users
Impact
Use of Hard-coded Credentials (CWE-798). Any attacker who can reach a freshly deployed Homer instance gains immediate full administrative access using the publicly documented default password, with no lockout, rate limiting, or forced password change required.
Fix
Remove the hardcoded DefaultInternalAuthPasswordHash constant. Require operators to provide a hashed admin password in the configuration file. Alternatively, generate a random password on first startup, print it to stdout once, and immediately force a change on first login.
If possible, please apply for a CVE number when posting.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/sipcapture/homer-app"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.0-20260625091610-b2e942031ff8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-62252"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-10-07T16:12:02Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\nOn every fresh Homer deployment using internal authentication, the bootstrap process automatically creates an `admin` account with the password `sipcapture` (stored as a legacy SHA-256 hex hash). There is no first-login forced-change mechanism. Any attacker who reaches the login endpoint immediately gains full administrative access.\n\n### Details\n**`config/config.go` lines 858-861:**\n```go\n// DefaultInternalAuthPasswordHash is the SHA-256 hex digest of the default\n// bootstrap password (cleartext: sipcapture).\nconst DefaultInternalAuthPasswordHash = \"883ffc1f37fd0fe542b0fb9740035c4383e7d976c411161d24e62edace280f90\"\n```\n\n**`coordinator/services/auth_bootstrap.go` lines 20-71:** `EnsureBootstrapAdminUser()` runs at startup. If no admin user exists, it inserts a row with `username=admin`, `password_hash=DefaultInternalAuthPasswordHash`. No `force_change`, no `first_login` flag, no expiry is set.\n\n**`coordinator/services/auth_bootstrap_test.go` line 114** confirms the plaintext:\n```go\nu, err := svc.Authenticate(ctx, \"admin\", \"sipcapture\")\n```\n\n**`passwordhash/password.go` lines 36-45:** Legacy SHA-256 hex hashes are accepted via `legacySHA256HexEqual`, so the default credential is functional on any deployment.\n\n### PoC\n```bash\n# Authenticate with default credentials \u2014 works on any fresh Homer deployment\ncurl -s -X POST http://\u003chomer-host\u003e/api/v3/auth \\\n -H \u0027Content-Type: application/json\u0027 \\\n -d \u0027{\"username\":\"admin\",\"password\":\"sipcapture\"}\u0027\n# Response: {\"token\":\"\u003cadmin-jwt\u003e\",\"data\":{\"userGroup\":\"admin\"}}\n\n# Use the token to access all admin functionality\ncurl -H \"Authorization: Bearer \u003cadmin-jwt\u003e\" http://\u003chomer-host\u003e/api/v3/users\n```\n\n### Impact\nUse of Hard-coded Credentials (CWE-798). Any attacker who can reach a freshly deployed Homer instance gains immediate full administrative access using the publicly documented default password, with no lockout, rate limiting, or forced password change required.\n\n### Fix\nRemove the hardcoded `DefaultInternalAuthPasswordHash` constant. Require operators to provide a hashed admin password in the configuration file. Alternatively, generate a random password on first startup, print it to stdout once, and immediately force a change on first login.\n\nIf possible, please apply for a CVE number when posting.",
"id": "GHSA-6xp5-7rcx-xfgx",
"modified": "2026-10-07T16:12:02Z",
"published": "2026-10-07T16:12:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sipcapture/homer/security/advisories/GHSA-6xp5-7rcx-xfgx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sipcapture/homer/pull/838"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sipcapture/homer/commit/b2e942031ff8cd7435a244ebef306ee97d16b809"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/sipcapture/homer"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sipcapture/homer/releases/tag/11.0.283"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Homer: Hardcoded Default Admin Password \u0027sipcapture\u0027 With No Forced Change on First Login"
}
GHSA-6XW2-V987-MQ7H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-06 18:31 – Updated: 2024-11-06 18:31A vulnerability was found in mariazevedo88 travels-java-api up to 5.0.1 and classified as problematic. Affected by this issue is the function doFilterInternal of the file travels-java-api-master\src\main\java\io\github\mariazevedo88\travelsjavaapi\filters\JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter.java of the component JWT Secret Handler. The manipulation leads to use of hard-coded cryptographic key . The attack may be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-10920"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-06T16:15:05Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in mariazevedo88 travels-java-api up to 5.0.1 and classified as problematic. Affected by this issue is the function doFilterInternal of the file travels-java-api-master\\src\\main\\java\\io\\github\\mariazevedo88\\travelsjavaapi\\filters\\JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter.java of the component JWT Secret Handler. The manipulation leads to use of hard-coded cryptographic key\n . The attack may be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-6xw2-v987-mq7h",
"modified": "2024-11-06T18:31:10Z",
"published": "2024-11-06T18:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10920"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mariazevedo88/travels-java-api/issues/23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.283316"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.283316"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.433458"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-73F9-64HC-46VJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:33 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:33NUUO CMS all versions 3.1 and prior, The application creates default accounts that have hard-coded passwords, which could allow an attacker to gain privileged access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17894"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-12T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "NUUO CMS all versions 3.1 and prior, The application creates default accounts that have hard-coded passwords, which could allow an attacker to gain privileged access.",
"id": "GHSA-73f9-64hc-46vj",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:33:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:33:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17894"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-284-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105717"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-73FW-3GW7-GP67
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:45 – Updated: 2024-02-13 18:38The centralized management feature for Utimaco Safeguard stores hard-coded cryptographic keys in executable programs for encrypted configuration files, which allows attackers to recover the keys from the configuration files and decrypt the disk drive.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-7142"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-03-07T20:19:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The centralized management feature for Utimaco Safeguard stores hard-coded cryptographic keys in executable programs for encrypted configuration files, which allows attackers to recover the keys from the configuration files and decrypt the disk drive.",
"id": "GHSA-73fw-3gw7-gp67",
"modified": "2024-02-13T18:38:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T07:45:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-7142"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/448598/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/449120/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/20529"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.utimaco.fi/servlets/ActionDispatcher?action:ws3_content_get_binary=true\u0026scope=domain\u0026domain_id=www.utimaco.fi\u0026page_id=/templates/ajankohtaisteksti.jsp?ws3_page_id=tiedoteartikkeli_103\u0026form_id=\u0026component_id=linkin_dokumentti_104"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.