Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-78

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.

9576 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-90618 (GCVE-0-2026-90618)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 02:30 – Updated: 2026-09-14 15:51
VLAI
Title
GH05TCREW PentestAgent LocalRuntime runtime.py LocalRuntime.execute_command os command injection
Summary
A flaw has been found in GH05TCREW PentestAgent up to cf882dabea3ed91cef016cdd115e5426315665a2. This issue affects the function LocalRuntime.execute_command of the file runtime/runtime.py of the component LocalRuntime. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been published and may be used. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 15:50 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GH05TCREW PentestAgent Affected: cf882dabea3ed91cef016cdd115e5426315665a2
    cpe:2.3:a:gh05tcrew:pentestagent:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-90617 (GCVE-0-2026-90617)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 02:15 – Updated: 2026-09-15 17:23
VLAI
Title
GH05TCREW PentestAgent MCP HTTP Server main.py run_task os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in GH05TCREW PentestAgent up to cf882dabea3ed91cef016cdd115e5426315665a2. This vulnerability affects the function run_task of the file interface/main.py of the component MCP HTTP Server. Performing a manipulation results in os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. This product adopts a rolling release strategy to maintain continuous delivery. Therefore, version details for affected or updated releases cannot be specified. The pull request to fix this issue awaits acceptance.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 17:23 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GH05TCREW PentestAgent Affected: cf882dabea3ed91cef016cdd115e5426315665a2
    cpe:2.3:a:gh05tcrew:pentestagent:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-90492 (GCVE-0-2026-90492)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-13 01:30 – Updated: 2026-09-14 15:48
VLAI
Title
webgjc web_robot web.py controller_recover os command injection
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in webgjc web_robot 2.4.0/2.5.0/2.8.0. The affected element is the function controller_listen/controller_recover of the file py/web.py. The manipulation of the argument case_name leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 15:48 UTC
CWE
References
URL Tags
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https://vuldb.com/vuln/403080/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-90492 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/892352 third-party-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
webgjc web_robot Affected: 2.4.0
Affected: 2.5.0
Affected: 2.8.0
    cpe:2.3:a:webgjc:web_robot:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-90444 (GCVE-0-2026-90444)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-11 21:46 – Updated: 2026-10-02 21:18
VLAI
Title
OS Command Injection in Malcolm
Summary
A file-transfer interface that requires valid credentials accepts attacker-controlled filenames without restricting shell metacharacters. An automated process later constructs and runs a system command using the uploaded file's name, allowing an authenticated attacker to embed and execute arbitrary operating system commands with the privileges of that process. This allows an attacker to read and modify ingested log data, and could provide a foothold for further movement within the internal network.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 12:51 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CISA Malcolm Affected: 0 , < v26.06.0 (custom)
Unaffected: v26.06.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-89308 (GCVE-0-2026-89308)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 11:44 – Updated: 2026-09-15 12:30
VLAI
Title
Arbitrary command execution in TrxTimeATTENDANCE
Summary
An unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists in the ping.php endpoint, allowing remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system and achieve remote code execution.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 12:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TREXOM TrxTimeATTENDANCE Affected: 1.0.5 , < 1.9.6 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:trexom:trxtimeattendance:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-89139 (GCVE-0-2026-89139)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 11:41 – Updated: 2026-09-21 15:24
VLAI
Title
Temporal Server worker deployment compute provider executes a caller-supplied command on the Worker Service host
Summary
Temporal Server compiles a Worker Controller Instance module into its Worker Service, and that module registers a compute provider named subprocess whose function is to launch a worker by running a command on the machine hosting the Worker Service. The program name and the argument vector that provider executes are taken from the compute provider configuration supplied in the caller's request rather than from operator configuration. An authenticated caller holding only a write role in a single namespace can therefore configure a worker deployment version so that the Worker Service executes a command of the caller's choosing on its own host, under the account the server process runs as. Execution is immediate rather than deferred: the configuration handler invokes every provider using the invoke strategy directly after validating the submitted specification, so no scaling decision, task arrival, or unusual request sequence is required. Because the Worker Service process holds the persistence credentials for every namespace in the cluster and the cluster's TLS material, the consequence reaches beyond the caller's namespace to the cluster as a whole. The provider is present in the official temporal-server binaries and container images for the affected releases. The only control that can keep it unreachable is the compute provider allowlist, the per-namespace dynamic configuration setting workercontroller.compute_providers.enabled, and that control does not deny by default: its default value is an unset list, and the allowlist check is skipped entirely when the value is unset, so every registered compute provider is permitted, this one included. To determine whether a deployment is affected, check the following together. The deployed Temporal Server version is 1.31.0 or later and earlier than 1.31.3. The Worker Service is running, which it is in the default service set and therefore in a stock deployment. The effective per-namespace value of workercontroller.compute_providers.enabled is either unset or contains subprocess. And authorization is configured, meaning a real authorizer and claim mapper are in place; a deployment running with no authorizer already grants every caller unrestricted access to every namespace, so it has no namespace boundary for this to cross. Note that the separate per-namespace dynamic configuration setting workercontroller.enabled does not gate the affected path. It defaults to false, and a deployment that has never set it in any namespace is still affected, which was confirmed by running an affected release with no value for that setting present anywhere in dynamic configuration. To look for a compute configuration that is already attached, call DescribeWorkerDeploymentVersion for each worker deployment version in each namespace and check whether any scaling group's compute provider type is subprocess.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 15:24 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  • CWE-749 - Exposed Dangerous Method or Function
  • CWE-1188 - Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Temporal Technologies, Inc. Temporal Server Affected: 1.31.0 , < 1.31.3 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:temporal:temporal:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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          "value": "Temporal Server compiles a Worker Controller Instance module into its Worker Service, and that module registers a compute provider named subprocess whose function is to launch a worker by running a command on the machine hosting the Worker Service. The program name and the argument vector that provider executes are taken from the compute provider configuration supplied in the caller\u0027s request rather than from operator configuration. An authenticated caller holding only a write role in a single namespace can therefore configure a worker deployment version so that the Worker Service executes a command of the caller\u0027s choosing on its own host, under the account the server process runs as. Execution is immediate rather than deferred: the configuration handler invokes every provider using the invoke strategy directly after validating the submitted specification, so no scaling decision, task arrival, or unusual request sequence is required. Because the Worker Service process holds the persistence credentials for every namespace in the cluster and the cluster\u0027s TLS material, the consequence reaches beyond the caller\u0027s namespace to the cluster as a whole. The provider is present in the official temporal-server binaries and container images for the affected releases. The only control that can keep it unreachable is the compute provider allowlist, the per-namespace dynamic configuration setting workercontroller.compute_providers.enabled, and that control does not deny by default: its default value is an unset list, and the allowlist check is skipped entirely when the value is unset, so every registered compute provider is permitted, this one included. To determine whether a deployment is affected, check the following together. The deployed Temporal Server version is 1.31.0 or later and earlier than 1.31.3. The Worker Service is running, which it is in the default service set and therefore in a stock deployment. The effective per-namespace value of workercontroller.compute_providers.enabled is either unset or contains subprocess. And authorization is configured, meaning a real authorizer and claim mapper are in place; a deployment running with no authorizer already grants every caller unrestricted access to every namespace, so it has no namespace boundary for this to cross. Note that the separate per-namespace dynamic configuration setting workercontroller.enabled does not gate the affected path. It defaults to false, and a deployment that has never set it in any namespace is still affected, which was confirmed by running an affected release with no value for that setting present anywhere in dynamic configuration. To look for a compute configuration that is already attached, call DescribeWorkerDeploymentVersion for each worker deployment version in each namespace and check whether any scaling group\u0027s compute provider type is subprocess."
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eSet the per-namespace dynamic configuration setting workercontroller.compute_providers.enabled to an explicit list naming only the compute providers the deployment intends to permit, omitting subprocess. An explicit empty list denies every compute provider. Leaving the setting unset is what permits everything, because the allowlist check is skipped when no value is configured; giving the setting any explicit value, an empty list included, makes the check run and denies any provider absent from the list. The request is then rejected with InvalidArgument before the provider runs. This is dynamic configuration, so it takes effect without restarting the server and is available during an incident rather than only at a maintenance window. Verify the effective value for every namespace in scope, including any namespace-constrained entries that could override a cluster-wide value.\u003c/p\u003e"
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CVE-2026-89066 (GCVE-0-2026-89066)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-11 16:05 – Updated: 2026-09-11 16:21
VLAI
Title
OS command injection in the task synthesis component in projen
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command in the task synthesis component in projen before 0.103.0 might allow context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary commands on a developer workstation or continuous integration runner via shell metacharacters in project configuration values and repository file names that are interpolated into generated task definitions. To remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 0.103.0 and then re-synthesize the project so that .projen/tasks.json is regenerated with the corrected task definitions. Upgrading alone is not sufficient because the generated task definition file is committed to the repository.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-11 16:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')
  • CWE-88 - Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AWS projen Affected: 0 , < 0.103.0 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:aws:projen:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-89010 (GCVE-0-2026-89010)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-11 14:57 – Updated: 2026-09-11 16:16 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
WAVLINK WN535M1/WN535M3 Unauthenticated OS Command Injection via sync_server
Summary
WAVLINK WN535M1 and WN535M3 routers running firmware prior to M35M1_V250922 contain an unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root by sending crafted filenames to the sync_server daemon on TCP port 13136. The daemon interpolates attacker-controlled filename input containing shell metacharacters into a shell command string via sprintf() and passes it to system() without sanitization, enabling root-level command execution on the device.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-11 16:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WAVLINK Technology WN535M1 Affected: M35M1_V210223 (custom)
Unaffected: M35M1_V250922 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
WAVLINK Technology WN535M3 Affected: M35M1_V210223 (custom)
Unaffected: M35M1_V250922 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-11 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-88889 (GCVE-0-2026-88889)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-10 13:05 – Updated: 2026-09-29 22:10
VLAI
Title
Renovate before 44.14.7 Command Injection via distributionType
Summary
Renovate before 44.14.7 contains a command injection vulnerability in the Maven Wrapper manager that allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands by specifying a malicious distributionType parameter in maven-wrapper.properties. Attackers can inject shell commands through unescaped distributionType values to achieve remote code execution when Renovate processes Maven Wrapper updates in binarySource=docker mode.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-10 15:05 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
renovatebot renovate Affected: 0 , < 44.14.7 (semver)
Unaffected: 44.14.7 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
mend renovate-ce Affected: 0 , < 15.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 15.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
mend renovate-ee-server Affected: 0 , < 15.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 15.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
mend renovate-ee-worker Affected: 0 , < 15.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 15.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
mend mend-renovate-ce Affected: 0 , < 15.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 15.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
mend mend-renovate-enterprise-edition Affected: 0 , < 10.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 10.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-27 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-88888 (GCVE-0-2026-88888)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-10 13:05 – Updated: 2026-09-29 22:10
VLAI
Title
Renovate before 44.14.7 Command Injection via Mix organization
Summary
Renovate before 44.14.7 contains a command injection vulnerability in the Mix manager when processing private dependencies with unescaped organization parameters. Attackers can inject shell metacharacters through malicious package names to execute arbitrary commands as the Renovate user in binarySource=docker mode.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-10 14:24 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
renovatebot renovate Affected: 0 , < 44.14.7 (semver)
Unaffected: 44.14.7 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
mend renovate-ce Affected: 0 , < 15.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 15.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
mend renovate-ee-server Affected: 0 , < 15.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 15.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
mend renovate-ee-worker Affected: 0 , < 15.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 15.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
mend mend-renovate-ce Affected: 0 , < 15.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 15.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
mend mend-renovate-enterprise-edition Affected: 0 , < 10.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 10.4.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-27 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-4.3
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
Mitigation MIT-28
Implementation

Strategy: Output Encoding

While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).

Mitigation
Implementation

If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.

Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

  • If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
  • Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When constructing OS command strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
  • Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing OS command injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent OS command injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, when invoking a mail program, you might need to allow the subject field to contain otherwise-dangerous inputs like ";" and ">" characters, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the character might reduce the risk of OS command injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the subject field would not be recorded as the user intended. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it could be more important when the program relies on well-structured subject lines in order to pass messages to other components.
  • Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-32
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).

Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
  • In the context of OS Command Injection, error information passed back to the user might reveal whether an OS command is being executed and possibly which command is being used.
Mitigation
Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Use runtime policy enforcement to create an allowlist of allowable commands, then prevent use of any command that does not appear in the allowlist. Technologies such as AppArmor are available to do this.

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-16
Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection

An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-6: Argument Injection

An attacker changes the behavior or state of a targeted application through injecting data or command syntax through the targets use of non-validated and non-filtered arguments of exposed services or methods.

CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection

In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.