CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5839 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-83J7-F6W3-6WMP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-30 03:30 – Updated: 2026-03-30 03:30A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A3300R 17.0.0cu.557_b20221024. Impacted is the function setStaticRoute of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument ip leads to command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5104"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-30T03:15:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A3300R 17.0.0cu.557_b20221024. Impacted is the function setStaticRoute of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument ip leads to command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-83j7-f6w3-6wmp",
"modified": "2026-03-30T03:30:19Z",
"published": "2026-03-30T03:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LvHongW/Vuln-of-totolink_A3300R/tree/main/A3300R_ip_cmd_inject"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/779142"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354129"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354129/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-83RV-8XQM-R7W8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-11 00:30 – Updated: 2025-12-11 18:30Command injection vulnerability in Aqara Hub devices including Camera Hub G3 4.1.9_0027, Hub M2 4.3.6_0027, and Hub M3 4.3.6_0025 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges through malicious domain names.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-65292"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-10T22:16:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Command injection vulnerability in Aqara Hub devices including Camera Hub G3 4.1.9_0027, Hub M2 4.3.6_0027, and Hub M3 4.3.6_0025 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges through malicious domain names.",
"id": "GHSA-83rv-8xqm-r7w8",
"modified": "2025-12-11T18:30:43Z",
"published": "2025-12-11T00:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65292"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Chapoly1305/myCVEReports/blob/main/Aqara/DNS-Command-Injection.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-83VM-2W3W-QGQ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-18 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-27 00:01Vulnerability in rconfig “remote_text_file” enables an attacker with user level access to the CLI to inject user level commands into Fidelis Network and Deception CommandPost, Collector, Sensor, and Sandbox components as well as neighboring Fidelis components. The vulnerability is present in Fidelis Network and Deception versions prior to 9.4.5. Patches and updates are available to address this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-24390"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-17T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in rconfig \u201cremote_text_file\u201d enables an attacker with user level access to the CLI to inject user level commands into Fidelis Network and Deception CommandPost, Collector, Sensor, and Sandbox components as well as neighboring Fidelis components. The vulnerability is present in Fidelis Network and Deception versions prior to 9.4.5. Patches and updates are available to address this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-83vm-2w3w-qgq7",
"modified": "2022-05-27T00:01:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-18T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24390"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fidelissecurity.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/6211730139411"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8444-JVGR-G6C6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-01 03:30 – Updated: 2025-12-01 15:30A flaw has been found in ADSLR NBR1005GPEV2 250814-r037c. This affects the function ap_macfilter_add of the file /send_order.cgi. Executing manipulation of the argument mac can lead to command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13798"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-01T01:16:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in ADSLR NBR1005GPEV2 250814-r037c. This affects the function ap_macfilter_add of the file /send_order.cgi. Executing manipulation of the argument mac can lead to command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-8444-jvgr-g6c6",
"modified": "2025-12-01T15:30:17Z",
"published": "2025-12-01T03:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.333809"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.333809"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.691841"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.notion.so/2a60c75766a8805a8973d2ff6a6bcb26"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.notion.so/Report-8-2a60c75766a8805a8973d2ff6a6bcb26"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-849M-V6GH-GMF9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-05 21:30 – Updated: 2024-03-05 21:30Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the ArubaOS command line interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1356"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-05T21:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the ArubaOS command line interface. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-849m-v6gh-gmf9",
"modified": "2024-03-05T21:30:25Z",
"published": "2024-03-05T21:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2024-002.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-84FX-PWF3-7777
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-08 21:30 – Updated: 2026-03-06 23:36A vulnerability was found in r-huijts xcode-mcp-server up to f3419f00117aa9949e326f78cc940166c88f18cb. This affects the function registerXcodeTools of the file src/tools/xcode/index.ts of the component run_lldb. The manipulation of the argument args results in command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. This product takes the approach of rolling releases to provide continious delivery. Therefore, version details for affected and updated releases are not available. The patch is identified as 11f8d6bacadd153beee649f92a78a9dad761f56f. Applying a patch is advised to resolve this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "xcode-mcp-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2178"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-06T23:36:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-08T19:16:22Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in r-huijts xcode-mcp-server up to f3419f00117aa9949e326f78cc940166c88f18cb. This affects the function registerXcodeTools of the file src/tools/xcode/index.ts of the component run_lldb. The manipulation of the argument args results in command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. This product takes the approach of rolling releases to provide continious delivery. Therefore, version details for affected and updated releases are not available. The patch is identified as 11f8d6bacadd153beee649f92a78a9dad761f56f. Applying a patch is advised to resolve this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-84fx-pwf3-7777",
"modified": "2026-03-06T23:36:02Z",
"published": "2026-02-08T21:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2178"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/r-huijts/xcode-mcp-server/issues/13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/r-huijts/xcode-mcp-server/issues/13#issue-3878065790"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/r-huijts/xcode-mcp-server/commit/11f8d6bacadd153beee649f92a78a9dad761f56f"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/r-huijts/xcode-mcp-server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.344881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.344881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.749569"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "xcode-mcp-server vulnerable to Command Injection"
}
GHSA-84Q3-WQP7-R229
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-23 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-30 00:01TOTOLINK N600R V4.3.0cu.7570_B20200620 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the pingCheck function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26187"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-22T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK N600R V4.3.0cu.7570_B20200620 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the pingCheck function.",
"id": "GHSA-84q3-wqp7-r229",
"modified": "2022-03-30T00:01:11Z",
"published": "2022-03-23T00:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26187"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://doudoudedi.github.io/2022/02/21/TOTOLINK-N600R-Command-Injection"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-84WG-RGP8-2HG4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-08 00:40 – Updated: 2022-09-21 19:38Apache James prior to release 3.6.1 is vulnerable to a buffering attack relying on the use of the STARTTLS command. This can result in Man-in -the-middle command injection attacks, leading potentially to leakage of sensible information.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.james:james-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.6.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38542"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-01-07T18:35:11Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-04T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Apache James prior to release 3.6.1 is vulnerable to a buffering attack relying on the use of the STARTTLS command. This can result in Man-in -the-middle command injection attacks, leading potentially to leakage of sensible information.",
"id": "GHSA-84wg-rgp8-2hg4",
"modified": "2022-09-21T19:38:47Z",
"published": "2022-01-08T00:40:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38542"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/01/04/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/01/04/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/09/20/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Command Injection in Apache James"
}
GHSA-8525-W6F6-22RC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-08 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-16 00:00Wavlink WL-WN575A3 RPT75A3.V4300.201217 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the function obtw. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted POST request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34592"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-07T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Wavlink WL-WN575A3 RPT75A3.V4300.201217 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the function obtw. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted POST request.",
"id": "GHSA-8525-w6f6-22rc",
"modified": "2022-07-16T00:00:30Z",
"published": "2022-07-08T00:00:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34592"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/winmt/CVE/blob/main/WAVLINK%20WL-WN575A3/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/winmt/my-vuls/tree/main/WAVLINK%20WL-WN575A3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-853H-MWM5-5QQR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-30 06:30 – Updated: 2024-07-30 06:30A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK LR1200 9.3.1cu.2832 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function NTPSyncWithHost of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument host_time leads to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-272786 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-7215"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-30T04:15:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK LR1200 9.3.1cu.2832 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function NTPSyncWithHost of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument host_time leads to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-272786 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-853h-mwm5-5qqr",
"modified": "2024-07-30T06:30:35Z",
"published": "2024-07-30T06:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7215"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/TOTOLINK/LR1200/NTPSyncWithHost.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.272786"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.272786"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.378330"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.