Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-693

Discouraged

Protection Mechanism Failure

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.

1306 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-92948 (GCVE-0-2026-92948)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 13:46 – Updated: 2026-09-18 19:31
VLAI
Title
vm2 3.9.6 through 3.11.5 Sandbox Escape via node:test
Summary
vm2 versions >= 3.9.6 and <= 3.11.6 are affected by a NodeVM builtin allowlist bypass that permits a sandbox escape on Node.js 24 and newer when the embedder explicitly allows the node:test builtin (e.g. require: { builtin: ['node:test'] }). On Node.js 24+, module.builtinModules exposes the scheme-only key node:test, which is not covered by vm2's family-based DANGEROUS_BUILTINS protection, so it is stored in the generic host-passthrough loader. Because requireImpl() in lib/setup-node-sandbox.js strips a single 'node:' prefix before the builtin lookup, sandbox code calling require('node:node:test') resolves to the stored node:test key and receives a readonly proxy to the host module. Calls to node:test.run() are forwarded to the host implementation, which spawns a separate Node process for process-isolated test execution and passes through attacker-controlled execArgv values; supplying --eval=<JavaScript> therefore executes arbitrary JavaScript in an unrestricted host Node process outside the NodeVM sandbox. Fixed in vm2 3.11.7.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 19:31 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
patriksimek vm2 Affected: 3.9.6 , < 3.11.7 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.11.7 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-24 00:00
Credits
the-vibe-dev
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-92944 (GCVE-0-2026-92944)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 13:46 – Updated: 2026-09-19 02:31
VLAI
Title
vm2 3.10.2 through 3.11.6 Sandbox Escape via Promise Protector
Summary
vm2 versions 3.10.2 through 3.11.6 contain a sandbox escape vulnerability on Node.js 26 where Promise.prototype.finally() bypasses vm2's wrapper protections due to a stale PromiseThenLookupChain protector in V8 14.6. Attackers can exploit this by creating an async function that returns a Promise with an attacker-controlled constructor Symbol.species, allowing them to reach the host Function constructor and process object for arbitrary code execution.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-19 02:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
patriksimek vm2 Affected: 3.10.2 , < 3.11.7 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.11.7 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-24 00:00
Credits
YMs0ra
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-92938 (GCVE-0-2026-92938)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 13:46 – Updated: 2026-09-19 02:28
VLAI
Title
vm2 3.11.3 through 3.11.6 Remote Code Execution via node:sqlite
Summary
vm2 versions 3.11.3 through 3.11.6 expose Node.js's host node:sqlite module to code running in NodeVM when that builtin is permitted, either explicitly or through builtin: ['*']. The module is wrapped with vm.readonly(), which prevents property assignment but leaves host-authority callables reachable; in addition, the resolver treats any request starting with 'node:' as a core-module request and the runtime strips only one 'node:' prefix, so a sandbox request for 'node:node:sqlite' resolves to the configured node:sqlite entry. Sandboxed code can therefore create an in-memory DatabaseSync with extension loading enabled and call DatabaseSync.loadExtension() on a native library bundled in the untrusted plugin package (path derived from __dirname). SQLite loads the library into the Node.js host process and invokes its native entry point, giving the sandboxed plugin arbitrary native code execution outside the sandbox with the host process's privileges. The issue is fixed in vm2 3.11.7.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-19 02:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
patriksimek vm2 Affected: 3.11.3 , < 3.11.7 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.11.7 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-24 00:00
Credits
Forrof
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-92934 (GCVE-0-2026-92934)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 13:46 – Updated: 2026-09-17 14:27
VLAI
Title
vm2 before 3.11.8 Sandbox Escape RCE via AggregateError
Summary
vm2 before 3.11.8 contains an incomplete fix for Error.cause sanitization that allows sandbox escape when revisited host-wrapped AggregateError objects are caught within a single exception handler traversal. Attackers can exploit cycle detection bypass in handleException to access unsanitized host proxies embedded in the errors array, enabling full remote code execution and process information disclosure from the sandbox.
Severity
9.5 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 14:26 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
patriksimek vm2 Affected: 0 , < 3.11.8 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.11.8 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-27 00:00
Credits
manus-use maru1009
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-92778 (GCVE-0-2026-92778)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 20:32 – Updated: 2026-09-17 13:56
VLAI
Title
CMAK through 3.0.0.6 Feature Gate Bypass via HTML Form Routes
Summary
CMAK through 3.0.0.6 fails to apply the scheduled leader election feature toggle to HTML form routes, allowing attackers to bypass the feature gate. Attackers can access the form endpoints to start and stop the recurring election scheduler, disrupting leadership across managed Kafka clusters.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 13:49 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
yahoo CMAK Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.0.0.6 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-18 00:00
Credits
George Chen
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-91949 (GCVE-0-2026-91949)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 15:18 – Updated: 2026-09-17 19:28
VLAI
Title
FreeRDP 3.0.0 through 3.30.0 Protocol Negotiation Bypass
Summary
FreeRDP server versions before 3.31.0 contain a protocol negotiation bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to establish RDSTLS connections despite server policy disabling them. Attackers can send incompatible protocol requests, receive negotiation failures, then complete TLS handshake and enter RDSTLS to bypass pre-authentication transport restrictions.
Severity
9.2 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 19:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FreeRDP FreeRDP Affected: 3.0.0 , < 3.31.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.31.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-01 00:00
Credits
sam4k
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-91796 (GCVE-0-2026-91796)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 07:51 – Updated: 2026-09-23 14:46
VLAI
Title
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader importIcon NTLM Response Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
The interface of Foxit PDF Editor/Reader lacks the permission verification for secure reading mode, which allows specially crafted PDFs to trigger external SMB authentication without any security prompts and thereby leak the hash of the user's credentials.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 14:46 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Foxit Software Inc. Foxit PDF Editor Affected: Versions 2026.2 and earlier
Affected: Versions 14.0.7 and earlier
Affected: Versions 13.2.6 and earlier
Create a notification for this product.
Foxit Software Inc. Foxit PDF Reader Affected: Versions 2026.2 and earlier
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Liang Zhu working with TrendAI Zero Day Initiative
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-90957 (GCVE-0-2026-90957)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 13:03 – Updated: 2026-09-14 13:58
VLAI
Title
MISP: Stored XSS via Inline-Served SVG Organisation Logos and Report Pictures
Summary
Affected versions of MISP serve uploaded SVG images inline without a restrictive browser sandbox. The commit explains that SVG files are XML documents rather than passive bitmap images. While scripts inside SVG do not execute when the SVG is rendered through a normal <img>, they can execute when the SVG is navigated to directly or embedded as a document. In that case, malicious <script> elements, event handlers, or javascript: URLs execute on the MISP origin with the viewer’s session. The affected use cases include:  - organisation SVG logos;  - event-report SVG pictures. Importantly, the vulnerable behavior is on the serve path, not merely the upload path: the patch notes that a malicious SVG uploaded while SVG support was enabled could remain dangerous even after uploads were later disabled. Version affected: ≤2.5.45
Severity
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 13:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input in Web Page ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MISP MISP Affected: 0 , < 2.5.46 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Scottish Government - National Cyber Team iglocska Claude Opus 5 (1M context)
GCVE extensions
bcp-05-x-01
AI-assisted vulnerability information annotation
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Whole record AI-generated Review: review GNA-1

Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.

ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
Model Source Identifier
qwen3.8:27b ollama qwen3.8:27b
bcp-05-x-02
Patch-to-vulnerability generation provenance
GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
Generator
patch2vuln.py on 2026-09-14 12:47
Model
qwen3.8:27b
Input
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/86496aecc.patch e2053fbcffe3…
Confidence
high
Commit Subject Patch SHA-256
86496aecc355 fix: [security] Sandbox inline-served SVG images e2053fbcffe3…
Fix summary

A new sandboxInlineFile() method is added to RestResponseComponent. When a file is served inline (download=false) and its type is SVG (svg, svgz, or image/svg+xml), the response is augmented with a Content-Security-Policy header containing the sandbox directive (which assigns an opaque origin and disables script execution, plugins, and form submission) along with restrictive default-src, style-src, img-src, and font-src directives that still permit rendering of inline styles, embedded raster images, and data: fonts. An X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff header is also set. The method is invoked from both the generic sendFile() path and the org-logo endpoint. The enable_svg_logos setting description is updated to warn administrators that SVG files remain XML documents and should be left disabled unless required.

Patch summary

Adds RestResponseComponent::sandboxInlineFile(CakeResponse, string) which checks the file type against a whitelist of SVG identifiers (svg, svgz, image/svg+xml, case-insensitive) and, on match, sets Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'; style-src 'unsafe-inline'; img-src 'self' data:; font-src data:; frame-ancestors 'self'; sandbox and X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff. Calls this method from sendFile() when download is false, and from OrganisationsController::getOrgLogo() after the file response is built. Updates the enable_svg_logos setting description in Server.php to reflect the sandboxing behaviour and advise leaving the setting disabled. Adds a new PHPUnit test file RestResponseSandboxInlineFileTest.php with cases covering SVG extension, MIME type, svgz, case-insensitivity, and confirmation that raster types (png, jpg, jpeg, gif, webp) and null/empty types receive no headers.

CVSS rationale

AV:N: The malicious SVG is delivered over HTTP/HTTPS to the victim's browser. AC:L: No race conditions or special network conditions are required; the SVG is already stored and served by the application. AT:N: No specific attack requirements beyond the SVG being present in the MISP instance. PR:L: The attacker needs an authenticated MISP account with permission to upload an organisation logo or attach a report picture. UI:P: The victim must navigate to the SVG URL or have it loaded in an <object>/<iframe> context; it does not execute when rendered via <img>. VC/VI/VA:N: The MISP server itself is not compromised; the impact is on the client-side session. SC:H: The attacker gains full read access to the victim's MISP session (threat intelligence, events, users, settings). SI:H: The attacker can perform write operations (create/modify/delete events, change settings) as the victim. SA:N: No availability impact on the victim's browser or the MISP instance.

Weakness rationale
  • CWE-79 The core issue is that user-supplied SVG content (an XML document capable of embedding script) is served inline on the application origin without any mechanism to prevent script execution, resulting in stored XSS. The fix neutralises the script-execution capability via a sandboxing CSP.
  • CWE-693 The upload-time restriction (enable_svg_logos) was the only protection, and it was insufficient because (a) it could be toggled off after files were already stored, and (b) it did not address the serve path at all. The serve path lacked its own protection mechanism (sandboxing CSP), which is what the patch adds.
Assumptions to verify
  • The enable_svg_logos setting must be enabled (or was previously enabled and SVG files were uploaded) for the vulnerability to be exploitable; the default value is false.
  • The attacker requires an authenticated MISP account with sufficient privileges to upload an organisation logo or attach a report picture.
  • The victim must be an authenticated MISP user whose session is active in the browser when the SVG is loaded as a document.
  • The fix is included in MISP v2.5.46 based on the tag boundary metadata (186 commits after the fix commit up to that tag); the exact version in which the vulnerability was introduced is not specified in the patch.
  • CVSS UI:P assumes the primary exploitation path requires the victim to navigate to the SVG URL or have it embedded in an object/iframe; if an attacker can embed the SVG in a page the victim is already viewing without additional interaction, UI:N would apply.
Model comparison

Selected qwen3.8:27b by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.

Model Score Agreement Confidence Assumptions
qwen3.8:27b 6 9 high 5
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-87808 (GCVE-0-2026-87808)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-09 11:20 – Updated: 2026-09-09 14:05
VLAI
Title
SiYuan before v3.8.2 Read-Only Boundary Bypass via fullTextSearchBlock
Summary
SiYuan versions <= 3.8.1 contain an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-32767 (GHSA-j7wh-x834-p3r7). The prior fix (commit d5e2d0bc) added an administrator check for SQL mode (method=2) in POST /api/search/fullTextSearchBlock, but the endpoint still does not enforce the application's read-only boundary: for method=2 it forwards caller-supplied SQL to the blocks database query path without calling model.CheckReadonly or CheckReadonlyStatementInBox. As a result, when a workspace runs in read-only mode (--readonly=true), an authenticated administrator can submit arbitrary SQL through /api/search/fullTextSearchBlock and obtain raw read access to the blocks database, even though the dedicated /api/query/sql endpoint is blocked in that mode. Fixed in v3.8.2.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-09 14:04 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
siyuan-note siyuan Affected: 0 , < 3.8.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.8.2 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:b3log:siyuan:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-26 00:00
Credits
arbor-s
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-85288 (GCVE-0-2026-85288)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 17:11 – Updated: 2026-09-25 23:48
VLAI
Title
Notepad++: Shortcuts.xml macro HMAC bypass still reachable via the "Run a Macro Multiple Times" dialog
Summary
Notepad++ is a free and open-source source code editor. Prior to 8.9.8, Notepad++ incompletely enforces shortcuts.xml HMAC validation because WM_MACRODLGRUNMACRO, the Run a Macro Multiple Times entry point, calls macroPlayback() without the validation used by command(). A tampered shortcuts.xml macro that is blocked through the Macro menu or a shortcut key can therefore execute through the multi-run dialog and invoke internal Notepad++ commands, including commands that launch external programs, in the current user context. This issue is fixed in version 8.9.8.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-25 23:47 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing

Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.

CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing

An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.

CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.

CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing

An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language

The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.

CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality

An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.

CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content

An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.

CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization

An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.

CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry

SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction

This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.

CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code

An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.

CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)

An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.

CAPEC-74: Manipulating State

The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.

State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.

If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.

CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing

An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.

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