CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
2085 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3M3J-3MX3-JMXC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-13 18:30 – Updated: 2025-01-14 12:31Affected devices store the CLI user passwords encrypted in flash memory. Attackers with physical access to the device could retrieve the file and decrypt the CLI user passwords.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-46142"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-257",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-13T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Affected devices store the CLI user passwords encrypted in flash memory. Attackers with physical access to the device could retrieve the file and decrypt the CLI user passwords.",
"id": "GHSA-3m3j-3mx3-jmxc",
"modified": "2025-01-14T12:31:47Z",
"published": "2022-12-13T18:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46142"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-413565.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-413565.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3M9J-MMXR-3X76
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-11 15:31 – Updated: 2026-10-11 15:31pH7Builder (pH7 Social Dating CMS) before 18.5.0 contains an information disclosure vulnerability that allows API clients to obtain sensitive member data because UserController::users() and user() return unfiltered database rows. Attackers holding a valid private API key can retrieve bcrypt password hashes, non-expiring hashValidation reset tokens, and TOTP secrets to take over accounts and bypass two-factor authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-108904"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-11T15:16:56Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "pH7Builder (pH7 Social Dating CMS) before 18.5.0 contains an information disclosure vulnerability that allows API clients to obtain sensitive member data because UserController::users() and user() return unfiltered database rows. Attackers holding a valid private API key can retrieve bcrypt password hashes, non-expiring hashValidation reset tokens, and TOTP secrets to take over accounts and bypass two-factor authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-3m9j-mmxr-3x76",
"modified": "2026-10-11T15:31:11Z",
"published": "2026-10-11T15:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-108904"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pH7Software/pH7-Social-Dating-CMS/commit/52a59da534c7666f7607c8a9b8c42037eb4de66d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pH7Software/pH7-Social-Dating-CMS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pH7Software/pH7-Social-Dating-CMS/blob/v18.4.1/_protected/app/system/modules/api/controllers/UserController.php#L161-L206"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ph7builder-before-18.5.0-sensitive-data-exposure-via-member-api-usercontroller"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3MF8-7QV9-PQPH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-31 00:30 – Updated: 2023-02-07 21:30A CWE-522: Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability exists that could result in unwanted access to a DCE instance when performed over a network by a malicious third-party. This CVE is unique from CVE-2022-32518. Affected Products: Data Center Expert (Versions prior to V7.9.0)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-32520"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-30T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A CWE-522: Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability exists that could result in unwanted access to a DCE instance when performed over a network by a malicious third-party. This CVE is unique from CVE-2022-32518. Affected Products: Data Center Expert (Versions prior to V7.9.0)",
"id": "GHSA-3mf8-7qv9-pqph",
"modified": "2023-02-07T21:30:24Z",
"published": "2023-01-31T00:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_enDocType=Security+and+Safety+Notice\u0026p_File_Name=SEVD-2022-165-04_+Data_Center_Expert_Security_Notification.pdf\u0026p_Doc_Ref=SEVD-2022-165-04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3MQ9-XHGQ-R7GJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-04 20:46 – Updated: 2026-02-04 20:46Impact
On boot, the Pillar container checks for /config/authorized_keys. If present with a valid public key, it enables SSH on port 22 with root login. The /config partition is not protected by measured boot, is mutable and unencrypted.
This enables an attacker with physical access to the device to take out the disk, modify the /config partition using a separate server, then insert it, without the inserted key being flagged as an integrity voilation my measured boot and remote attestation.
Patches
Patched in 9.4.3-lts
Workarounds
None (apart from preventing physical access to the device)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/lf-edge/eve"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.0-20220708121648-5fef4d92e758"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-43631"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522",
"CWE-922"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-04T20:46:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nOn boot, the Pillar container checks for /config/authorized_keys. If present with a valid public key, it enables SSH on port 22 with root login. The /config partition is not protected by measured boot, is mutable and unencrypted.\n\nThis enables an attacker with physical access to the device to take out the disk, modify the /config partition using a separate server, then insert it, without the inserted key being flagged as an integrity voilation my measured boot and remote attestation.\n\n### Patches\n\nPatched in 9.4.3-lts\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNone (apart from preventing physical access to the device)",
"id": "GHSA-3mq9-xhgq-r7gj",
"modified": "2026-02-04T20:46:16Z",
"published": "2026-02-04T20:46:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lf-edge/eve/security/advisories/GHSA-3mq9-xhgq-r7gj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43631"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lf-edge/eve/commit/5fef4d92e75838cc78010edaed5247dfbdae1889"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lf-edge/eve/commit/aa3501d6c57206ced222c33aea15a9169d629141"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://asrg.io/security-advisories/cve-2023-43631"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://asrg.io/security-advisories/ssh-as-root-unlockable-without-triggering-measured-boot"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/lf-edge/eve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "EVE: SSH as Root Unlockable Without Triggering Measured Boot"
}
GHSA-3MQC-6CQG-J6MM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:01 – Updated: 2022-05-27 00:01Konica Minolta bizhub MFP devices before 2022-04-14 have an internal Chromium browser that executes with root (aka superuser) access privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29587"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-16T06:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Konica Minolta bizhub MFP devices before 2022-04-14 have an internal Chromium browser that executes with root (aka superuser) access privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-3mqc-6cqg-j6mm",
"modified": "2022-05-27T00:01:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:01:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec-consult.com/vulnerability-lab/advisory/sandbox-escape-with-root-access-clear-text-passwords-in-konica-minolta-bizhub-mfp-printer-terminals"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3MXM-3QX9-6GQ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-10-22 12:00A flaw was found in Red Hat Quay, where it does not properly protect the authorization token when authorizing email addresses for repository email notifications. This flaw allows an attacker to add email addresses they do not own to repository notifications.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-27831"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-27T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in Red Hat Quay, where it does not properly protect the authorization token when authorizing email addresses for repository email notifications. This flaw allows an attacker to add email addresses they do not own to repository notifications.",
"id": "GHSA-3mxm-3qx9-6gq2",
"modified": "2022-10-22T12:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27831"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1905758"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3P33-32V8-FG8J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-14 15:32 – Updated: 2026-09-14 21:31Description
getNimbusConf returned the complete daemon configuration without redaction after only a user-level
authorization check. Where the cluster is configured with them, that response includes
storm.zookeeper.auth.payload and the keystore and truststore passwords for the Thrift, Netty and
ZooKeeper TLS configuration. The project masks passwords elsewhere before display, so the omission here is
inconsistent rather than intended.
The UI endpoint /api/v1/cluster/configuration compounded this. It carried no @AuthNimbusOp annotation,
and the authorization filter treated a missing annotation as "no gate required" and returned immediately, so
the endpoint applied no per-user check at all and proxied the request under the UI daemon's own principal.
Any user able to pass ui.filter therefore received the full configuration, including principals that
Nimbus itself would have refused.
Mitigation
Upgrade to 3.1.0, where credential-bearing values are masked before the configuration is served and where every UI API endpoint must declare its authorization explicitly.
Users who cannot upgrade immediately should place the UI behind an authenticating reverse proxy that
restricts /api/v1/cluster/configuration, and should rotate the ZooKeeper authentication payload and any
TLS keystore or truststore passwords that were reachable through it.
Credit
The ASF -- found using Claude agents to study the security of open-source projects, validated and reported by Apache Storm.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-82433"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-14T15:17:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Description\n\n`getNimbusConf` returned the complete daemon configuration without redaction after only a user-level\nauthorization check. Where the cluster is configured with them, that response includes\n`storm.zookeeper.auth.payload` and the keystore and truststore passwords for the Thrift, Netty and\nZooKeeper TLS configuration. The project masks passwords elsewhere before display, so the omission here is\ninconsistent rather than intended.\n\nThe UI endpoint `/api/v1/cluster/configuration` compounded this. It carried no `@AuthNimbusOp` annotation,\nand the authorization filter treated a missing annotation as \"no gate required\" and returned immediately, so\nthe endpoint applied no per-user check at all and proxied the request under the UI daemon\u0027s own principal.\nAny user able to pass `ui.filter` therefore received the full configuration, including principals that\nNimbus itself would have refused.\u00a0\n\nMitigation\n\nUpgrade to 3.1.0, where credential-bearing values are masked before the configuration is served and where\nevery UI API endpoint must declare its authorization explicitly.\n\nUsers who cannot upgrade immediately should place the UI behind an authenticating reverse proxy that\nrestricts `/api/v1/cluster/configuration`, and should rotate the ZooKeeper authentication payload and any\nTLS keystore or truststore passwords that were reachable through it.\n\nCredit\n\nThe ASF -- found using Claude agents to study the security of open-source projects, validated and reported by Apache Storm.",
"id": "GHSA-3p33-32v8-fg8j",
"modified": "2026-09-14T21:31:40Z",
"published": "2026-09-14T15:32:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-82433"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/ohw4s30rhm2r20498c0zbqxyy7xd5hxl"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/13/13"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3P4X-GRPM-XW58
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-06 12:30 – Updated: 2024-06-10 20:22The CraftCMS plugin Two-Factor Authentication in versions 3.3.1, 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 discloses the password hash of the currently authenticated user after submitting a valid TOTP.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "born05/craft-twofactorauthentication"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.3.1"
},
{
"fixed": "3.3.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5657"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-06T19:13:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-06T11:15:49Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "The CraftCMS plugin Two-Factor Authentication in versions 3.3.1, 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 discloses the password hash of the currently authenticated user after submitting a valid TOTP.",
"id": "GHSA-3p4x-grpm-xw58",
"modified": "2024-06-10T20:22:12Z",
"published": "2024-06-06T12:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5657"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/born05/craft-twofactorauthentication/commit/eb93bcb73037171dae8ca5cfa4c20e7e5748b73a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/born05/craft-twofactorauthentication"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/born05/craft-twofactorauthentication/releases/tag/3.3.4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2024/SBA-ADV-20240202-01_CraftCMS_Plugin_Two-Factor_Authentication_Password_Hash_Disclosure"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.craftcms.com/two-factor-authentication?craft4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/06/06/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Password hash exposed in CraftCMS two factor authentication plugin"
}
GHSA-3P8R-P4Q5-MC44
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:56 – Updated: 2023-02-23 20:31Violation Comments to GitLab Plugin stored API tokens unencrypted in job config.xml files and its global configuration file org.jenkinsci.plugins.jvctgl.ViolationsToGitLabGlobalConfiguration.xml on the Jenkins controller. These credentials could be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the Jenkins controller file system.
Violation Comments to GitLab Plugin now stores these credentials encrypted. Existing jobs need to have their configuration saved for existing plain text credentials to be overwritten.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:violation-comments-to-gitlab"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.29"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10416"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-02-23T20:31:42Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-25T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Violation Comments to GitLab Plugin stored API tokens unencrypted in job `config.xml` files and its global configuration file `org.jenkinsci.plugins.jvctgl.ViolationsToGitLabGlobalConfiguration.xml` on the Jenkins controller. These credentials could be viewed by users with Extended Read permission, or access to the Jenkins controller file system.\n\nViolation Comments to GitLab Plugin now stores these credentials encrypted. Existing jobs need to have their configuration saved for existing plain text credentials to be overwritten.",
"id": "GHSA-3p8r-p4q5-mc44",
"modified": "2023-02-23T20:31:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:56:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10416"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/violation-comments-to-gitlab-plugin/commit/e8237a803012bae7773d8bd10fe02e21892be3fe"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-09-25/#SECURITY-1577"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/09/25/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Violation Comments to GitLab Plugin has Insufficiently Protected Credentials"
}
GHSA-3PCX-VGX2-J88M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-17 00:00 – Updated: 2023-08-08 15:31KNIME Server before 4.12.6 and 4.13.x before 4.13.4 (when installed in unattended mode) keeps the administrator's password in a file without appropriate file access controls, allowing all local users to read its content.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45097"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522",
"CWE-668"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-16T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "KNIME Server before 4.12.6 and 4.13.x before 4.13.4 (when installed in unattended mode) keeps the administrator\u0027s password in a file without appropriate file access controls, allowing all local users to read its content.",
"id": "GHSA-3pcx-vgx2-j88m",
"modified": "2023-08-08T15:31:25Z",
"published": "2021-12-17T00:00:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45097"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dawid-czarnecki/public-vulnerabilities/tree/master/KNIME/CVE-weak-file-permission"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://zigrin.com/advisories/knime-server-weak-file-permissions"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.