Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-470
AllowedUse of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.
199 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-79987 (GCVE-0-2026-79987)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-10 16:05 – Updated: 2026-09-11 03:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Low-privilege RCE through element-search eager loading
Summary
A remote, authenticated, non-admin Craft CMS Control Panel user with only the accessCp permission can execute operating system commands as the PHP web worker.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-10 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled input to select classes or code ('unsafe reflection')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.hckrt.com/hacktivity/HCKRT-9TSYY2 | third-party-advisorytechnical-descriptionmitigation |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/releases/tag/5.10.13 | release-notes |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms | product |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisori… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-79784 (GCVE-0-2026-79784)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 15:16 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Vocos through 0.1.0 Arbitrary Code Execution via Unrestricted class_path in Model Configuration
Summary
Vocos instantiates a class named by a configuration file without restricting which class may be named. instantiate_class in vocos/pretrained.py takes the class_path value from the configuration, splits it into a module and an attribute, imports the module with __import__, resolves the attribute with getattr, and calls the result as args_class(*args, **kwargs) where kwargs is the config's own init_args mapping. No allowlist constrains the dotted path, so a configuration may name any importable callable and supply the arguments it is called with. Vocos.from_hparams reaches this for each of the feature_extractor, backbone and head entries, and Vocos.from_pretrained reaches it with a remote file: it downloads config.yaml from a caller-named Hugging Face repository and passes it straight to from_hparams. Loading a model from a repository the user does not control therefore executes code of the repository owner's choosing in the loading process. The neighbouring torch.load of the downloaded weights is a separate matter and is constrained on PyTorch releases that default weights_only to true, which leaves this path as the reachable one.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 16:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gemelo-ai/vocos | product |
| https://github.com/gemelo-ai/vocos/issues/76 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/gemelo-ai/vocos/blob/main/voco… | technical-description |
| https://pypi.org/project/vocos/ | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vocos-throug… | third-party-advisory |
Date Public
2026-07-02 00:00
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CVE-2026-78030 (GCVE-0-2026-78030)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-19 10:45 – Updated: 2026-09-20 00:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DBI versions before 1.653 for Perl load arbitrary modules via unvalidated dbm_type and dbm_mldbm attributes in DBD::DBM
Summary
DBI versions before 1.653 for Perl load arbitrary modules via unvalidated dbm_type and dbm_mldbm attributes in DBD::DBM.
DBD::DBM passes the dbm_type and dbm_mldbm connect attributes to require without checking that the value names a module. require treats a path-shaped string as a literal filename and does not consult @INC, so the attribute chooses the file that Perl loads and runs.
The MLDBM::Serializer:: prefix that DBD::DBM prepends to dbm_mldbm is not a boundary: only the :: separators are rewritten to /, so a value containing / traverses out of the serializer directory. The value is also assigned to $MLDBM::Serializer, which MLDBM requires the same way when it ties the table.
A caller that lets an untrusted party influence either attribute, for example through a DSN fragment or a parameter that selects a storage backend, runs the file-scope code of whatever module the value names.
For example,
my $dsn = "dbi:DBM:f_dir=/var/db;dbm_type=../../Untrusted.pm"
my $dbh = DBI->connect( $dsn );
Note that DBD::Gofer forwards connect attributes to the server side, and DBI::ProxyServer checks only that a DSN starts with a driver prefix.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-20 00:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
4 references
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CVE-2026-76825 (GCVE-0-2026-76825)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 14:09 – Updated: 2026-09-16 18:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
RestrictedPython: Sandbox escape via string.Formatter field resolution
Summary
RestrictedPython is a tool that helps define a subset of the Python language for accepting program input in a trusted environment. Prior to 8.4, RestrictedPython could allow a sandbox escape when a custom import policy or globals exposed the standard library string module, the string.Formatter class, a Formatter instance, or a Formatter subclass to restricted code. The string.Formatter methods format, get_field, get_value, and vformat performed attribute and item traversal internally without passing through RestrictedPython's safer_getattr protections. Restricted code could use those live object references to reach function globals, builtins, file access, or code execution primitives, affecting confidentiality, integrity, and availability in the host environment. This issue is fixed in version 8.4.
Severity
8.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-16 18:21 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/zopefoundation/RestrictedPytho… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/zopefoundation/RestrictedPytho… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zopefoundation/RestrictedPytho… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zopefoundation | RestrictedPython |
Affected:
< 8.4
|
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CVE-2026-70410 (GCVE-0-2026-70410)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 15:39 – Updated: 2026-09-22 19:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Calcite Avatica: Unrestricted class initialization when instantiating plugins
Summary
Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Apache Calcite Avatica. Plugin instantiation (via AvaticaUtils#instantiatePlugin and other methods) initializes arbitrary classes via unrestricted calls to Class.forName(String) which by default triggers initialization. This may lead to the execution of static initializer blocks in arbitrary classes present in the classpath. The instantiation APIs should initialize and instantiate only classes implementing the specified plugin interface passed as input in conjunction with the desired classname. At the moment of writing, there are no well-known or widely used classes with dangerous static initializer blocks so the severity is low.
This issue affects Apache Calcite Avatica: before 1.29.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.29.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 19:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/07vwvsnbskhf5kvks… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Calcite Avatica |
Affected:
0 , < 1.29.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-68508 (GCVE-0-2026-68508)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 20:09 – Updated: 2026-08-21 21:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hydra: hydra.utils.instantiate with untrusted config can lead to code execution
Summary
Hydra is a framework for elegantly configuring complex applications. Prior to 1.3.4, hydra.utils.instantiate() resolves and calls Python objects selected by configuration through _resolve_target() in hydra/_internal/instantiate/_instantiate2.py, allowing attacker-controlled target values and arguments to choose dangerous callables. A consuming application, library, CLI workflow, or model loader that passes untrusted configuration, CLI overrides, or model metadata into hydra.utils.instantiate() can therefore execute arbitrary code in its own process, including reading or modifying files and credentials or terminating the process. Version 1.3.4 adds target blocking with an explicit HYDRA_INSTANTIATE_ALLOWLIST_OVERRIDE escape hatch. This issue is fixed in version 1.3.4.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 21:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/issues/3259 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/pull/3261 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/commit/7… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| facebookresearch | hydra |
Affected:
< 1.3.4
|
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CVE-2026-66269 (GCVE-0-2026-66269)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 10:36 – Updated: 2026-09-17 14:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Dell OpenManage Server Administrator, versions prior to 11.1.0.3, contains a Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Protection mechanism bypass.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 14:29 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/00050658… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dell | Dell OpenManage Server Administrator Managed Node (Patch) for Windows |
Affected:
0 , < 11.1.0.3
(semver)
|
|
| Dell | Dell OpenManage Server Administrator Managed Node for RHEL 8.10 |
Affected:
0 , < 11.1.0.3
(semver)
|
|
| Dell | Dell OpenManage Server Administrator Managed Node for RHEL 9.4 |
Affected:
0 , < 11.1.0.3
(semver)
|
|
| Dell | Dell OpenManage Server Administrator Managed Node for SLES 15 |
Affected:
0 , < 11.1.0.3
(semver)
|
|
| Dell | Dell OpenManage Server Administrator Managed Node for Ubuntu 22.04 |
Affected:
0 , < 11.1.0.3
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-09-08 06:30
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CVE-2026-65608 (GCVE-0-2026-65608)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-23 11:42 – Updated: 2026-07-24 21:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Grav before 2.0.9 Remote Code Execution via FlexDirectory
Summary
Grav versions >= 1.7.0 and before 2.0.9 contain a remote code execution vulnerability. FlexDirectory::dynamicDataField() resolves blueprint data-*@: directives by calling call_user_func_array() on attacker-influenced input, validating only that the target is callable (is_callable()) without restricting dangerous functions such as exec, system, passthru, or shell_exec. Because FlexDirectory registers this handler for every Flex directory, it bypasses the validation added to Blueprint::dynamicData() in 2.0.7 (GHSA-fj2p-qj2f-74v5). Any authenticated user with create or update permission on any Flex-based directory (Flex Users, Flex Pages, Flex Objects, or custom Flex types) can execute arbitrary shell commands on the server.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-23 18:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisori… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/getgrav/grav/commit/fae9e1bf2c… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/grav-before-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-09 00:00
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CVE-2026-64663 (GCVE-0-2026-64663)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 19:28 – Updated: 2026-08-07 17:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Statamic: Unsafe method invocation via Antlers template resolution allows data destruction
Summary
Statamic is a Laravel and Git powered content management system (CMS). Prior to 5.74.1 and 6.24.0, manipulating user-supplied input incorporated into Antlers templates could result in the loss of content and assets, on sites whose templates pass untrusted input into affected areas, and exploitation did not require authentication. This issue is fixed in versions 5.74.1 and 6.24.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 17:38 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/statamic/cms/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-63337 (GCVE-0-2026-63337)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 16:27 – Updated: 2026-08-18 19:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
RabbitMQ Java client: Unvalidated Class.forName in JSON-RPC ProcedureDescription enables arbitrary class loading
Summary
The RabbitMQ Java client library allows Java and JVM-based applications to connect to and interact with RabbitMQ nodes. Prior to 5.33.0, com.rabbitmq.tools.jsonrpc.ProcedureDescription receives a javaReturnType value in an untrusted system.describe response and passes it through JSONUtil.tryFill, setJavaReturnType, and computeReturnTypeAsJavaClass to Class.forName(javaReturnType) with initialization enabled. An attacker able to answer the JsonRpcClient request through a shared broker or network interception can select a class already present in the victim JVM and trigger its static initializer, while JsonRpcClient.java later passes getReturnType output to mapper.parse and may also create type confusion. Successful exploitation can affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability in the client process. This issue is fixed in version 5.33.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-18 19:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-java-client/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rabbitmq | rabbitmq-java-client |
Affected:
< 5.33.0
|
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Refactor your code to avoid using reflection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Do not use user-controlled inputs to select and load classes or code.
Mitigation
Implementation
Apply strict input validation by using allowlists or indirect selection to ensure that the user is only selecting allowable classes or code.
CAPEC-138: Reflection Injection
An adversary supplies a value to the target application which is then used by reflection methods to identify a class, method, or field. For example, in the Java programming language the reflection libraries permit an application to inspect, load, and invoke classes and their components by name. If an adversary can control the input into these methods including the name of the class/method/field or the parameters passed to methods, they can cause the targeted application to invoke incorrect methods, read random fields, or even to load and utilize malicious classes that the adversary created. This can lead to the application revealing sensitive information, returning incorrect results, or even having the adversary take control of the targeted application.