Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-444
AllowedInconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.
701 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-4639 (GCVE-0-2023-4639)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-17 10:21 – Updated: 2025-02-07 17:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Undertow: cookie smuggling/spoofing
Summary
A flaw was found in Undertow, which incorrectly parses cookies with certain value-delimiting characters in incoming requests. This issue could allow an attacker to construct a cookie value to exfiltrate HttpOnly cookie values or spoof arbitrary additional cookie values, leading to unauthorized data access or modification. The main threat from this flaw impacts data confidentiality and integrity.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-17 16:17 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1674 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1675 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1676 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:1677 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:2763 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:2764 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:3919 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-4639 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2166022 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-2025020… |
Impacted products
27 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Runtimes 1 on RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
1.2-23 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_runtimes:1.0::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Runtimes 1 on RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
1.2-15 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_runtimes:1.0::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Runtimes 1 on RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
1.2-16 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_runtimes:1.0::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Runtimes 1 on RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
1.2-14 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_runtimes:1.0::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7.4
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 for RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
0:2.2.30-1.SP1_redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7.4::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.2.30-1.SP1_redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 on RHEL 7 |
Unaffected:
0:2.2.30-1.SP1_redhat_00001.1.el7eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7.4::el7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
0:2.3.11-1.SP1_redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8 cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.3.11-1.SP1_redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8 cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Applications 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_applications:6
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:camel_spring_boot:3
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry |
cpe:/a:redhat:service_registry:2
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Quarkus |
cpe:/a:redhat:quarkus:2
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Data Grid 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Decision Manager 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_brms_platform:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Fuse 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Integration Camel K |
cpe:/a:redhat:integration:1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Integration Camel Quarkus |
cpe:/a:redhat:camel_quarkus:2
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Integration Change Data Capture |
cpe:/a:redhat:integration:1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Data Grid 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:6
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Fuse 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:6
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Fuse Service Works 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse_service_works:6
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Process Automation 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_bpms_platform:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
|
Date Public
2024-02-08 00:00
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CVE-2022-42252 (GCVE-0-2022-42252)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-01 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-06 15:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Tomcat request smuggling via malformed content-length
Summary
If Apache Tomcat 8.5.0 to 8.5.82, 9.0.0-M1 to 9.0.67, 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.26 or 10.1.0-M1 to 10.1.0 was configured to ignore invalid HTTP headers via setting rejectIllegalHeader to false (the default for 8.5.x only), Tomcat did not reject a request containing an invalid Content-Length header making a request smuggling attack possible if Tomcat was located behind a reverse proxy that also failed to reject the request with the invalid header.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-06 15:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Tomcat |
Affected:
10.1.0-M1 , ≤ 10.1.0
(maven)
Affected: 10.0.0-M1 , ≤ 10.0.26 (maven) Affected: 9.0.0-M1 , ≤ 9.0.67 (maven) Affected: 8.5.0 , ≤ 8.5.82 (maven) |
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CVE-2022-39163 (GCVE-0-2022-39163)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-26 13:51 – Updated: 2025-08-15 15:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IBM Cognos Controller HTTP response smuggling
Summary
IBM Cognos Controller 11.0.0 through 11.1.0 is vulnerable to a Client-Side Desync (CSD) attack where an attacker could exploit a desynchronized browser connection that could lead to further cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-26 15:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7192746 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | Cognos Controller |
Affected:
11.0.0 , ≤ 11.0.1
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ibm:controller:11.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:controller:11.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:controller:11.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| IBM | Controller |
Affected:
11.1.0
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CVE-2022-38114 (GCVE-0-2022-38114)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-23 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-25 20:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Client-Side Desync Vulnerability
Summary
This vulnerability occurs when a web server fails to correctly process the Content-Length of POST requests. This can lead to HTTP request smuggling or XSS.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-25 20:28 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SolarWinds | SolarWinds SEM |
Affected:
2022.2 and previous versions , < 2022.4
(custom)
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CVE-2022-36760 (GCVE-0-2022-36760)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-17 19:11 – Updated: 2025-04-04 18:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache HTTP Server: mod_proxy_ajp Possible request smuggling
Summary
Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling') vulnerability in mod_proxy_ajp of Apache HTTP Server allows an attacker to smuggle requests to the AJP server it forwards requests to. This issue affects Apache HTTP Server Apache HTTP Server 2.4 version 2.4.54 and prior versions.
Severity
9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-04 18:07 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities… | vendor-advisory |
| https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202309-01 |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache HTTP Server |
Affected:
2.4 , ≤ 2.4.54
(semver)
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CVE-2022-35256 (GCVE-0-2022-35256)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-05 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-30 22:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
The llhttp parser in the http module in Node v18.7.0 does not correctly handle header fields that are not terminated with CLRF. This may result in HTTP Request Smuggling.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-24 13:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - HTTP Request Smuggling (CWE-444)
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NodeJS | Node |
Affected:
4.0 , < 4.*
(semver)
Affected: 5.0 , < 5.* (semver) Affected: 6.0 , < 6.* (semver) Affected: 7.0 , < 7.* (semver) Affected: 8.0 , < 8.* (semver) Affected: 9.0 , < 9.* (semver) Affected: 10.0 , < 10.* (semver) Affected: 11.0 , < 11.* (semver) Affected: 12.0 , < 12.* (semver) Affected: 13.0 , < 13.* (semver) Affected: 14.0 , < 14.20.1 (semver) Affected: 15.0 , < 15.* (semver) Affected: 16.0 , < 16.17.1 (semver) Affected: 17.0 , < 17.* (semver) Affected: 18.0 , < 18.9.1 (semver) |
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CVE-2022-32215 (GCVE-0-2022-32215)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-07-14 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-30 22:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
The llhttp parser <v14.20.1, <v16.17.1 and <v18.9.1 in the http module in Node.js does not correctly handle multi-line Transfer-Encoding headers. This can lead to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS).
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-444 - HTTP Request Smuggling (CWE-444)
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NodeJS | Node |
Affected:
4.0 , < 4.*
(semver)
Affected: 5.0 , < 5.* (semver) Affected: 6.0 , < 6.* (semver) Affected: 7.0 , < 7.* (semver) Affected: 8.0 , < 8.* (semver) Affected: 9.0 , < 9.* (semver) Affected: 10.0 , < 10.* (semver) Affected: 11.0 , < 11.* (semver) Affected: 12.0 , < 12.* (semver) Affected: 13.0 , < 13.* (semver) Affected: 14.0 , < 14.20.1 (semver) Affected: 15.0 , < 15.* (semver) Affected: 16.0 , < 16.17.1 (semver) Affected: 17.0 , < 17.* (semver) Affected: 18.0 , < 18.9.1 (semver) |
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CVE-2022-32214 (GCVE-0-2022-32214)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-07-14 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-30 22:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
The llhttp parser <v14.20.1, <v16.17.1 and <v18.9.1 in the http module in Node.js does not strictly use the CRLF sequence to delimit HTTP requests. This can lead to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS).
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-444 - HTTP Request Smuggling (CWE-444)
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NodeJS | Node |
Affected:
4.0 , < 4.*
(semver)
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CVE-2022-32213 (GCVE-0-2022-32213)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-07-14 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-30 22:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
The llhttp parser <v14.20.1, <v16.17.1 and <v18.9.1 in the http module in Node.js does not correctly parse and validate Transfer-Encoding headers and can lead to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS).
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-444 - HTTP Request Smuggling (CWE-444)
Assigner
References
7 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NodeJS | Node |
Affected:
4.0 , < 4.*
(semver)
Affected: 5.0 , < 5.* (semver) Affected: 6.0 , < 6.* (semver) Affected: 7.0 , < 7.* (semver) Affected: 8.0 , < 8.* (semver) Affected: 9.0 , < 9.* (semver) Affected: 10.0 , < 10.* (semver) Affected: 11.0 , < 11.* (semver) Affected: 12.0 , < 12.* (semver) Affected: 13.0 , < 13.* (semver) Affected: 14.0 , < 14.20.1 (semver) Affected: 15.0 , < 15.* (semver) Affected: 16.0 , < 16.17.1 (semver) Affected: 17.0 , < 17.* (semver) Affected: 18.0 , < 18.9.1 (semver) |
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CVE-2022-31109 (GCVE-0-2022-31109)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-01 16:15 – Updated: 2025-04-23 17:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTTP Host Header Attack Vulnerability in laminas-diactoros
Summary
laminas-diactoros is a PHP package containing implementations of the PSR-7 HTTP message interfaces and PSR-17 HTTP message factory interfaces. Applications that use Diactoros, and are either not behind a proxy, or can be accessed via untrusted proxies, can potentially have the host, protocol, and/or port of a `Laminas\Diactoros\Uri` instance associated with the incoming server request modified to reflect values from `X-Forwarded-*` headers. Such changes can potentially lead to XSS attacks (if a fully-qualified URL is used in links) and/or URL poisoning. Since the `X-Forwarded-*` headers do have valid use cases, particularly in clustered environments using a load balancer, the library offers mitigation measures only in the v2 releases, as doing otherwise would break these use cases immediately. Users of v2 releases from 2.11.1 can provide an additional argument to `Laminas\Diactoros\ServerRequestFactory::fromGlobals()` in the form of a `Laminas\Diactoros\RequestFilter\RequestFilterInterface` instance, including the shipped `Laminas\Diactoros\RequestFilter\NoOpRequestFilter` implementation which ignores the `X-Forwarded-*` headers. Starting in version 3.0, the library will reverse behavior to use the `NoOpRequestFilter` by default, and require users to opt-in to `X-Forwarded-*` header usage via a configured `Laminas\Diactoros\RequestFilter\LegacyXForwardedHeaderFilter` instance. Users are advised to upgrade to version 2.11.1 or later to resolve this issue. Users unable to upgrade may configure web servers to reject `X-Forwarded-*` headers at the web server level.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-23 15:53 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://portswigger.net/web-security/host-header | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/laminas/laminas-diactoros/secu… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/laminas/laminas-diactoros/comm… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| laminas | laminas-diactoros |
Affected:
< 2.11.1
|
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Mitigation
Implementation
Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].
Mitigation
Implementation
Use only SSL communication.
Mitigation
Implementation
Terminate the client session after each request.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Turn all pages to non-cacheable.
CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling
An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.
CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling
An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.