CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1314 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-VF2Q-W6VQ-3HQ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-13 21:31Kernel software installed and running inside a Host VM may post improper commands to the GPU Firmware to trigger a memory write outside the permitted range of memory for the host kernel.
A TOCTOU bug existed where a malicious driver could modify values in memory after firmware validation but before use.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-45203"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T21:16:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Kernel software installed and running inside a Host VM may post improper commands to the GPU Firmware to trigger a memory write outside the permitted range of memory for the host kernel.\n\n\n\nA TOCTOU bug existed where a malicious driver could modify values in memory after firmware validation but before use.",
"id": "GHSA-vf2q-w6vq-3hq8",
"modified": "2026-07-13T21:31:17Z",
"published": "2026-07-10T21:32:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45203"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.imaginationtech.com/gpu-driver-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VF7P-VX9F-2XVG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-19 18:32 – Updated: 2026-08-19 18:32IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to cause a denial of service and compromise data integrity due to a time-of-check time-of-use race condition.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-16819"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-19T16:17:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to cause a denial of service and compromise data integrity due to a time-of-check time-of-use race condition.",
"id": "GHSA-vf7p-vx9f-2xvg",
"modified": "2026-08-19T18:32:45Z",
"published": "2026-08-19T18:32:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16819"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7283858"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VF87-345H-9QHX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-22 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-06 20:16Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-mj6p-44ch-cq69. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
The mkdir utility in uutils coreutils incorrectly applies permissions when using the -m flag by creating a directory with umask-derived permissions (typically 0755) before subsequently changing them to the requested mode via a separate chmod system call. In multi-user environments, this introduces a brief window where a directory intended to be private is accessible to other users, potentially leading to unauthorized data access.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "coreutils"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.6.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-29T23:22:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-22T17:16:37Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-mj6p-44ch-cq69. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nThe mkdir utility in uutils coreutils incorrectly applies permissions when using the -m flag by creating a directory with umask-derived permissions (typically 0755) before subsequently changing them to the requested mode via a separate chmod system call. In multi-user environments, this introduces a brief window where a directory intended to be private is accessible to other users, potentially leading to unauthorized data access.",
"id": "GHSA-vf87-345h-9qhx",
"modified": "2026-07-06T20:16:07Z",
"published": "2026-04-22T18:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35353"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/pull/10036"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/commit/037b9583bc03d814e8516df54ebcda6f681fe1f8"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/releases/tag/0.6.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: uutils coreutils has a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition",
"withdrawn": "2026-07-06T20:16:07Z"
}
GHSA-VG3G-XXCH-PJGH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-09 03:30 – Updated: 2026-09-09 15:34Race condition in Updater in Google Chrome on on Windows prior to 153.0.8010.36 allowed a local attacker to execute arbitrary code outside the sandbox via a local program. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-87457"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-09T01:17:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Race condition in Updater in Google Chrome on on Windows prior to 153.0.8010.36 allowed a local attacker to execute arbitrary code outside the sandbox via a local program. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-vg3g-xxch-pjgh",
"modified": "2026-09-09T15:34:57Z",
"published": "2026-09-09T03:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-87457"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0808145027.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/497837188"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VG4X-9Q67-743R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-14 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-14 21:31IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a local attacker to obtain ownership of arbitrary file system objects due to a time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-18069"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-14T21:17:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a local attacker to obtain ownership of arbitrary file system objects due to a time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition.",
"id": "GHSA-vg4x-9q67-743r",
"modified": "2026-09-14T21:31:47Z",
"published": "2026-09-14T21:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-18069"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7287408"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VG6P-V9VM-6FGJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-25 14:43 – Updated: 2026-08-25 14:43The web_crawl tool performs its SSRF check only on the initial URL: it resolves the hostname once with socket.gethostbyname and rejects private/loopback/link-local results. It then passes the URL to a fetcher that uses httpx.Client(follow_redirects=True) - or urllib.request.urlopen when httpx is absent, which also follows redirects - and re-resolves the hostname at connect time, with no further validation. This validate-here/fetch-there gap is bypassable two independent ways: HTTP redirects and DNS rebinding.
Affected code: src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/tools/web_crawl_tools.py - Single-shot validation (lines 229-238): if os.environ.get("ALLOW_LOCAL_CRAWL") != "true": ip_str = socket.gethostbyname(hostname) # resolved ONCE, at validation time ip = ipaddress.ip_address(ip_str) if ip.is_loopback or ip.is_private or ip.is_link_local or ip.is_multicast or ip.is_unspecified: continue # rejected url_list.append(u) - Vulnerable fetch (_crawl_with_httpx, lines 142 / 149): follows redirects, re-resolves DNS, no re-check: with httpx.Client(follow_redirects=True, timeout=30.0) as client: response = client.get(url) # fallback: urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=30) (also follows redirects by default) - web_crawl / crawl_web are registered tools (tools/init.py:156-157); httpx is the default fallback provider (dispatch at web_crawl_tools.py:269).
The two bypasses: 1) Redirect: validation approves an attacker domain resolving to a public IP; attacker server replies 302 Location: http://169.254.169.254/... (or any internal host); the fetcher follows it unchecked. 2) DNS rebinding (TOCTOU): validator's gethostbyname and fetcher's connect-time resolution are independent; a low-TTL attacker domain answers public to the validator and private/loopback to fetch.
Impact: An agent with web_crawl - driven by direct input or indirect prompt injection - can be made to read internal-only HTTP services and cloud instance-metadata endpoints (e.g. IAM credentials), with the response body returned in the tool output. Scope is Changed because the request pivots into the internal network.
Proof of concept: A PoC drives the real web_crawl() (httpx absent -> genuine urllib fallback). It runs a loopback "internal metadata" service and a loopback attacker redirector, substituting DNS only to stand in for "attacker owns a public domain" / offline routing - the redirect-following and connect-time re-resolution are the repo's own behavior. Observed: CONTROL: web_crawl("http://127.0.0.1:.../meta-data/") -> blocked (validator works) PoC 1A (redirect): attacker.example approved (public); 302 -> loopback metadata -> result.content leaks {"AccessKeyId":"ASIA_FAKE_STOLEN_CREDENTIAL_..."} PoC 1B (rebinding): gethostbyname(rebind.example)->public (allowed); connect->127.0.0.1 -> same secret leaked The control proves the validator blocks a direct loopback request, so the bypasses are genuine.
Remediation: Resolve the hostname once, validate that IP, and connect to that exact validated IP (pin it) rather than re-resolving. Disable redirect following (follow_redirects=False; for urllib use a redirect handler that re-validates), or re-validate every redirect hop's resolved IP. Apply the deny check to both the validator and the actual socket target. file_tools.py:364 already uses follow_redirects=False and is the correct pattern to propagate.
Distinct from prior advisories: The accepted SSRF advisories concern host-string parsing in different code — alternate loopback encodings in spider_tools (GHSA-5c6w-wwfq-7qqm) and the CLI @url feature (GHSA-5cxw-77wg-jrf3). This is in the web_crawl tool, which neither advisory names, and the mechanisms (redirect-following and DNS rebinding) differ categorically from host-string encoding; the spider_tools _host_is_blocked hardening does not apply to this tool.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "praisonaiagents"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.6.58"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-55524"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367",
"CWE-918"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-25T14:43:19Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-05T20:17:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The web_crawl tool performs its SSRF check only on the initial URL: it resolves the hostname once\nwith socket.gethostbyname and rejects private/loopback/link-local results. It then passes the URL to\na fetcher that uses httpx.Client(follow_redirects=True) - or urllib.request.urlopen when httpx is\nabsent, which also follows redirects - and re-resolves the hostname at connect time, with no further\nvalidation. This validate-here/fetch-there gap is bypassable two independent ways: HTTP redirects and\nDNS rebinding.\n\nAffected code: src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/tools/web_crawl_tools.py\n- Single-shot validation (lines 229-238):\n if os.environ.get(\"ALLOW_LOCAL_CRAWL\") != \"true\":\n ip_str = socket.gethostbyname(hostname) # resolved ONCE, at validation time\n ip = ipaddress.ip_address(ip_str)\n if ip.is_loopback or ip.is_private or ip.is_link_local or ip.is_multicast or ip.is_unspecified:\n continue # rejected\n url_list.append(u)\n- Vulnerable fetch (_crawl_with_httpx, lines 142 / 149): follows redirects, re-resolves DNS, no re-check:\n with httpx.Client(follow_redirects=True, timeout=30.0) as client: response = client.get(url)\n # fallback: urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=30) (also follows redirects by default)\n- web_crawl / crawl_web are registered tools (tools/__init__.py:156-157); httpx is the default fallback\n provider (dispatch at web_crawl_tools.py:269).\n\nThe two bypasses:\n1) Redirect: validation approves an attacker domain resolving to a public IP; attacker server replies\n 302 Location: http://169.254.169.254/... (or any internal host); the fetcher follows it unchecked.\n2) DNS rebinding (TOCTOU): validator\u0027s gethostbyname and fetcher\u0027s connect-time resolution are\n independent; a low-TTL attacker domain answers public to the validator and private/loopback to fetch.\n\nImpact:\nAn agent with web_crawl - driven by direct input or indirect prompt injection - can be made to read\ninternal-only HTTP services and cloud instance-metadata endpoints (e.g. IAM credentials), with the\nresponse body returned in the tool output. Scope is Changed because the request pivots into the\ninternal network.\n\nProof of concept:\nA PoC drives the real web_crawl() (httpx absent -\u003e genuine urllib fallback). It runs a loopback\n\"internal metadata\" service and a loopback attacker redirector, substituting DNS only to stand in\nfor \"attacker owns a public domain\" / offline routing - the redirect-following and connect-time\nre-resolution are the repo\u0027s own behavior. Observed:\n CONTROL: web_crawl(\"http://127.0.0.1:.../meta-data/\") -\u003e blocked (validator works)\n PoC 1A (redirect): attacker.example approved (public); 302 -\u003e loopback metadata\n -\u003e result.content leaks {\"AccessKeyId\":\"ASIA_FAKE_STOLEN_CREDENTIAL_...\"}\n PoC 1B (rebinding): gethostbyname(rebind.example)-\u003epublic (allowed); connect-\u003e127.0.0.1\n -\u003e same secret leaked\nThe control proves the validator blocks a direct loopback request, so the bypasses are genuine.\n\nRemediation:\nResolve the hostname once, validate that IP, and connect to that exact validated IP (pin it) rather\nthan re-resolving. Disable redirect following (follow_redirects=False; for urllib use a redirect\nhandler that re-validates), or re-validate every redirect hop\u0027s resolved IP. Apply the deny check to\nboth the validator and the actual socket target. file_tools.py:364 already uses follow_redirects=False\nand is the correct pattern to propagate.\n\nDistinct from prior advisories:\nThe accepted SSRF advisories concern host-string parsing in different code \u2014 alternate loopback\nencodings in spider_tools (GHSA-5c6w-wwfq-7qqm) and the CLI @url feature (GHSA-5cxw-77wg-jrf3). This\nis in the web_crawl tool, which neither advisory names, and the mechanisms (redirect-following and DNS\nrebinding) differ categorically from host-string encoding; the spider_tools _host_is_blocked hardening\ndoes not apply to this tool.",
"id": "GHSA-vg6p-v9vm-6fgj",
"modified": "2026-08-25T14:43:19Z",
"published": "2026-08-25T14:43:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-vg6p-v9vm-6fgj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-55524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit/2f9677abb2ea68eab864ee8b6a828fd0141612e1"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/releases/tag/v4.6.58"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "praisonaiagents vulnerable to SSRF in web_crawl tool via redirect-following and DNS rebinding (validate-then-fetch gap)"
}
GHSA-VGCC-2R5P-6QVC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-16 21:30 – Updated: 2026-07-16 21:30A time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the installation and uninstallation process of certain Zoom Clients for Windows could allow an authenticated local user to escalate privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53410"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-16T21:17:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the installation and uninstallation process of certain Zoom Clients for Windows could allow an authenticated local user to escalate privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-vgcc-2r5p-6qvc",
"modified": "2026-07-16T21:30:39Z",
"published": "2026-07-16T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53410"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zoom.com/en/trust/security-bulletin/zsb-26012"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-VGV6-JWQW-MQWW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:49 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:49This vulnerability allows local attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Parallels Desktop 15.1.5-47309. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target guest system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the Open Tools Gate component. The issue results from the lack of proper locking when performing operations on an object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of the hypervisor. Was ZDI-CAN-13082.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-31427"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-29T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows local attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Parallels Desktop 15.1.5-47309. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target guest system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the Open Tools Gate component. The issue results from the lack of proper locking when performing operations on an object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of the hypervisor. Was ZDI-CAN-13082.",
"id": "GHSA-vgv6-jwqw-mqww",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:49:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:49:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31427"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.parallels.com/en/125013"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-435"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-VHWF-4X96-VQX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-12 14:21 – Updated: 2026-04-06 22:46OpenClaw's skills download installer validated the intended per-skill tools root lexically, but later reused that mutable path while downloading and copying the archive into place. If a local attacker could rebind that tools-root path between validation and the final write, the installer could be redirected to write outside the intended tools directory.
The fix pins the canonical per-skill tools root immediately after validation and derives later download/copy paths from that canonical root, so rebinding the lexical path fails closed instead of redirecting the write.
Affected Packages / Versions
- Package:
openclaw(npm) - Latest published vulnerable version:
2026.3.7 - Affected range:
<= 2026.3.7 - Fixed in released version:
2026.3.8
Fix Commit(s)
9abf014f3502009faf9c73df5ca2cff719e54639
Release Verification
- Verified fixed in GitHub release
v2026.3.8published on March 9, 2026. - Verified
npm view openclaw versionresolves to2026.3.8. - Verified the release contains the regression test covering tools-root rebinding and that the test passes against the
v2026.3.8tree.
Thanks @tdjackey for reporting.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.3.7"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.3.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33574"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-12T14:21:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OpenClaw\u0027s skills download installer validated the intended per-skill tools root lexically, but later reused that mutable path while downloading and copying the archive into place. If a local attacker could rebind that tools-root path between validation and the final write, the installer could be redirected to write outside the intended tools directory.\n\nThe fix pins the canonical per-skill tools root immediately after validation and derives later download/copy paths from that canonical root, so rebinding the lexical path fails closed instead of redirecting the write.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Latest published vulnerable version: `2026.3.7`\n- Affected range: `\u003c= 2026.3.7`\n- Fixed in released version: `2026.3.8`\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `9abf014f3502009faf9c73df5ca2cff719e54639`\n\n## Release Verification\n\n- Verified fixed in GitHub release `v2026.3.8` published on March 9, 2026.\n- Verified `npm view openclaw version` resolves to `2026.3.8`.\n- Verified the release contains the regression test covering tools-root rebinding and that the test passes against the `v2026.3.8` tree.\n\nThanks @tdjackey for reporting.",
"id": "GHSA-vhwf-4x96-vqx2",
"modified": "2026-04-06T22:46:40Z",
"published": "2026-03-12T14:21:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-vhwf-4x96-vqx2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33574"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/9abf014f3502009faf9c73df5ca2cff719e54639"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-path-traversal-via-tools-root-rebinding-in-skills-download"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw\u0027s skills-install-download can be redirected outside the tools root by rebinding the validated base path"
}
GHSA-VJFR-FFHR-5G8P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-19 18:32 – Updated: 2026-09-10 18:31Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to redeem one confirmed on-chain payment for multiple paid-resource accesses.
The type="hash" credential path in MPP.Methods.Tempo.verify/2 guards against replay with a non-atomic check-then-mark sequence: check_hash_unused/2 reads the dedup store, an eth_getTransactionReceipt round trip verifies the payment on chain, and only then does mark_hash_used/2 write the mark. Concurrent requests carrying the same settled payment hash all pass the read before any of them writes, so each is issued a receipt. The store's atomic check_and_mark/2 primitive is available and used by the type="transaction" path, but the hash path calls plain get and put even when the configured store implements it. Exploitation requires a dedup store to be configured; the default nil store is stateless and documented as offering no replay protection at all.
This issue affects mpp: from 0.2.0 before 0.6.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-73829"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-19T18:17:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to redeem one confirmed on-chain payment for multiple paid-resource accesses.\n\nThe type=\"hash\" credential path in MPP.Methods.Tempo.verify/2 guards against replay with a non-atomic check-then-mark sequence: check_hash_unused/2 reads the dedup store, an eth_getTransactionReceipt round trip verifies the payment on chain, and only then does mark_hash_used/2 write the mark. Concurrent requests carrying the same settled payment hash all pass the read before any of them writes, so each is issued a receipt. The store\u0027s atomic check_and_mark/2 primitive is available and used by the type=\"transaction\" path, but the hash path calls plain get and put even when the configured store implements it. Exploitation requires a dedup store to be configured; the default nil store is stateless and documented as offering no replay protection at all.\n\nThis issue affects mpp: from 0.2.0 before 0.6.1.",
"id": "GHSA-vjfr-ffhr-5g8p",
"modified": "2026-09-10T18:31:22Z",
"published": "2026-08-19T18:32:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp/security/advisories/GHSA-w8j7-7qc3-5f24"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-73829"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZenHive/mpp/commit/46c5b0e1311da7d92190dc7d9ea89027a1d365e9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-73829.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-73829"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.