CWE-362
Allowed-with-ReviewConcurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.
3263 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2HW9-MC66-JC2Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-02 22:45 – Updated: 2026-10-02 22:45Impact
Wasmtime's implementation of bulk-data-transfer WebAssembly instructions, such as memory.copy, contains a vulnerability when a preemption via epochs or fuel is combined with altering the store's state or cancelling a computation. To prevent these operations from taking too long Wasmtime injects fuel/epoch checks during these operations, but this enables embedders, and possible WebAssembly, to witness intermediate state in the middle of the operation. Examples of this include:
- When a non-nullable WebAssembly table is grown the new elements initially start as null and are filled in as part of a loop with preemption checks. If this computation is then cancelled this left the table in a grown-but-uninitialized state where subsequent usage via WebAssembly could possibly segfault. Loads from this table are assumed to not be null due to its type, but the runtime implementation was exposed through this cancellation at a preemption point.
- Embedders could mutate the store during an epoch callback, such as growing a WebAssembly linear memory. During a bulk
memory.copyoperation, however, the pointers being copied to/from weren't recomputed between preemption points. This meant that if the linear memory moved its base address it could be possible to have a preemption, the embedder manually grows memory, and then on resumption the copy operation uses invalid pointers. - Embedders could execute a GC during epoch callbacks. GC operations such as
array.copy, likememory.copyabove, maintained raw pointers internally in the operation which were not updated after the preemption point. This could lead to corruption of the GC heap.
All of these situations are examples of embedder-driven mutations of the Store or embedder-induced resumption of a Store after a computation was cancelled. These operations expose the internal state of these WebAssembly operations which is semantically incorrect and additionally can cause segfaults for example. Exposing these bugs, however, requires explicit patterns to be present in the embedding itself such as using Store::epoch_deadline_callback and mutating wasm options. Another example is to cancel one invocation (possibly in a table.grow) and then execute more wasm afterwards within the same store. Embeddings not using Store::epoch_deadline_callback or executing code after timeouts/fuel are not affected by this issue.
Patches
This issue is fixed in Wasmtime 46.0.2 and 47.0.3. In these versions Wasmtime reverts back to Wasmtime 45-and-earlier behavior for these operations to check fuel once before the operation and then not during the operation. This means that a very large memory.copy does not have preemption points in the middle of the operation any more, for example.
Workarounds
Embedders using Store::epoch_deadline_callback are safe if they only access the T in Store<T>. Embedders that do not continue using a store after a timeout or epoch deadline are also unaffected. Embedders which explicitly mutate the store in an epoch callback, or resume wasm after trapping have no workaround however. The embedding needs to be updated to account for this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "wasmtime"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "46.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "46.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "wasmtime"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "47.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "47.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-104855"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-10-02T22:45:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-02T18:17:02Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nWasmtime\u0027s implementation of bulk-data-transfer WebAssembly instructions, such as `memory.copy`, contains a vulnerability when a preemption via epochs or fuel is combined with altering the store\u0027s state or cancelling a computation. To prevent these operations from taking too long Wasmtime injects fuel/epoch checks during these operations, but this enables embedders, and possible WebAssembly, to witness intermediate state in the middle of the operation. Examples of this include:\n\n* When a non-nullable WebAssembly table is grown the new elements initially start as null and are filled in as part of a loop with preemption checks. If this computation is then cancelled this left the table in a grown-but-uninitialized state where subsequent usage via WebAssembly could possibly segfault. Loads from this table are assumed to not be null due to its type, but the runtime implementation was exposed through this cancellation at a preemption point.\n* Embedders could mutate the store during an epoch callback, such as growing a WebAssembly linear memory. During a bulk `memory.copy` operation, however, the pointers being copied to/from weren\u0027t recomputed between preemption points. This meant that if the linear memory moved its base address it could be possible to have a preemption, the embedder manually grows memory, and then on resumption the copy operation uses invalid pointers.\n* Embedders could execute a GC during epoch callbacks. GC operations such as `array.copy`, like `memory.copy` above, maintained raw pointers internally in the operation which were not updated after the preemption point. This could lead to corruption of the GC heap.\n\nAll of these situations are examples of embedder-driven mutations of the `Store` or embedder-induced resumption of a `Store` after a computation was cancelled. These operations expose the internal state of these WebAssembly operations which is semantically incorrect and additionally can cause segfaults for example. Exposing these bugs, however, requires explicit patterns to be present in the embedding itself such as using `Store::epoch_deadline_callback` and mutating wasm options. Another example is to cancel one invocation (possibly in a `table.grow`) and then execute more wasm afterwards within the same store. Embeddings not using `Store::epoch_deadline_callback` or executing code after timeouts/fuel are not affected by this issue.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue is fixed in Wasmtime 46.0.2 and 47.0.3. In these versions Wasmtime reverts back to Wasmtime 45-and-earlier behavior for these operations to check fuel once before the operation and then not during the operation. This means that a very large `memory.copy` does not have preemption points in the middle of the operation any more, for example.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nEmbedders using `Store::epoch_deadline_callback` are safe if they only access the `T` in `Store\u003cT\u003e`. Embedders that do not continue using a store after a timeout or epoch deadline are also unaffected. Embedders which explicitly mutate the store in an epoch callback, or resume wasm after trapping have no workaround however. The embedding needs to be updated to account for this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-2hw9-mc66-jc2q",
"modified": "2026-10-02T22:45:29Z",
"published": "2026-10-02T22:45:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/security/advisories/GHSA-2hw9-mc66-jc2q"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-104855"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/pull/14041"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/pull/14043"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/pull/14045"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/commit/3ebfbe5af4927c157d6fcaca42b8dbb6d17b73fb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/commit/99b0bc39d447317a4102c056081c83a9a84a46e0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/commit/a3eb27af01ba5a30320a90ea1405059cdfedd353"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/tag/v46.0.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/tag/v47.0.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2026-0223.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Wasmtime: Preemption and traps during bulk operations enable breaking internal VM state"
}
GHSA-2J53-X2QC-M5H5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-02 00:00 – Updated: 2025-01-02 21:31Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-30128.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30127"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-01T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-30128.",
"id": "GHSA-2j53-x2qc-m5h5",
"modified": "2025-01-02T21:31:36Z",
"published": "2022-06-02T00:00:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30127"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-30127"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-30127"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-25"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2JFF-6CP9-G4PM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-10 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-20 21:30In JetBrains Hub before 2025.3.104432 a race condition allowed bypass of the Agent-user limit
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-64682"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-10T14:15:43Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "In JetBrains Hub before 2025.3.104432 a race condition allowed bypass of the Agent-user limit",
"id": "GHSA-2jff-6cp9-g4pm",
"modified": "2025-11-20T21:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-11-10T15:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64682"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2JMV-57QJ-JWG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:34 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:45Race condition in Blizzard Overwatch 1.15.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (season bans and SR losses for other users) by leaving a competitive match at a specific time during the initial loading of that match.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-14748"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-26T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Race condition in Blizzard Overwatch 1.15.0.2 allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (season bans and SR losses for other users) by leaving a competitive match at a specific time during the initial loading of that match.",
"id": "GHSA-2jmv-57qj-jwg6",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:45:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:34:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-14748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us.battle.net/forums/en/overwatch/topic/20759216554"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/Overwatch/comments/72euqx/theres_a_bug_out_there_that_can_instantly"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/101087"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2JQ3-GG4W-J24C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-14 18:30Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Win32K - GRFX allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33104"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-14T18:17:33Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization (\u0027race condition\u0027) in Windows Win32K - GRFX allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-2jq3-gg4w-j24c",
"modified": "2026-04-14T18:30:42Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T18:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-33104"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2M9M-V6QR-2P82
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:47 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:32A race condition in the wmi_malware_scan.nbin plugin before 201402262215 for Nessus 5.2.1 allows local users to gain privileges by replacing the dissolvable agent executable in the Windows temp directory with a Trojan horse program.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-2848"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-04-11T15:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A race condition in the wmi_malware_scan.nbin plugin before 201402262215 for Nessus 5.2.1 allows local users to gain privileges by replacing the dissolvable agent executable in the Windows temp directory with a Trojan horse program.",
"id": "GHSA-2m9m-v6qr-2p82",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:32:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:47:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-2848"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://discussions.nessus.org/thread/7195"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nccgroup.com/en/learning-and-research-centre/technical-advisories/nessus-authenticated-scan-local-privilege-escalation"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/57403"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1029946"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2MCC-4F9V-M34R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-13 21:30 – Updated: 2022-12-13 21:30Windows Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-44670.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-44676"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-13T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-44670.",
"id": "GHSA-2mcc-4f9v-m34r",
"modified": "2022-12-13T21:30:26Z",
"published": "2022-12-13T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-44676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-44676"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2MFJ-VMVJ-Q937
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-22 00:00x86 pv: Race condition in typeref acquisition Xen maintains a type reference count for pages, in addition to a regular reference count. This scheme is used to maintain invariants required for Xen's safety, e.g. PV guests may not have direct writeable access to pagetables; updates need auditing by Xen. Unfortunately, the logic for acquiring a type reference has a race condition, whereby a safely TLB flush is issued too early and creates a window where the guest can re-establish the read/write mapping before writeability is prohibited.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26362"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-09T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "x86 pv: Race condition in typeref acquisition Xen maintains a type reference count for pages, in addition to a regular reference count. This scheme is used to maintain invariants required for Xen\u0027s safety, e.g. PV guests may not have direct writeable access to pagetables; updates need auditing by Xen. Unfortunately, the logic for acquiring a type reference has a race condition, whereby a safely TLB flush is issued too early and creates a window where the guest can re-establish the read/write mapping before writeability is prohibited.",
"id": "GHSA-2mfj-vmvj-q937",
"modified": "2022-06-22T00:00:57Z",
"published": "2022-06-10T00:00:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26362"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OH65U6FTTB5MLH5A6Q3TW7KVCGOG4MYI"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RKRXZ4LHGCGMOG24ZCEJNY6R2BTS4S2Q"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://xenbits.xenproject.org/xsa/advisory-401.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167718/Xen-TLB-Flush-Bypass.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/06/09/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://xenbits.xen.org/xsa/advisory-401.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2MFP-VQRW-7P7V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:30Heap-based buffer overflow in Remote Desktop Client allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42909"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T17:17:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Remote Desktop Client allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-2mfp-vqrw-7p7v",
"modified": "2026-06-09T18:30:44Z",
"published": "2026-06-09T18:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42909"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2MHV-543F-H64J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-01 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-09 00:01A race condition was found in the way the Linux kernel's memory subsystem handled the copy-on-write (COW) breakage of private read-only shared memory mappings. This flaw allows an unprivileged, local user to gain write access to read-only memory mappings, increasing their privileges on the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-2590"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-31T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A race condition was found in the way the Linux kernel\u0027s memory subsystem handled the copy-on-write (COW) breakage of private read-only shared memory mappings. This flaw allows an unprivileged, local user to gain write access to read-only memory mappings, increasing their privileges on the system.",
"id": "GHSA-2mhv-543f-h64j",
"modified": "2022-09-09T00:01:07Z",
"published": "2022-09-01T00:00:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2590"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20220808073232.8808-1-david%40redhat.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20220808073232.8808-1-david@redhat.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/08/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.
Mitigation
Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.
Mitigation
- Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
- Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.
Mitigation
Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.
Mitigation
Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.
Mitigation
Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.
Mitigation
Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.
Mitigation
Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions
The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.