CWE-348

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  "details": "Passbolt API before 5, if the server is misconfigured (with an incorrect installation process and disregarding of Health Check results), can send email messages with a domain name taken from an attacker-controlled HTTP Host header.",
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  "details": "The IP Vault \u2013 WP Firewall plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to IP Address Spoofing in versions up to, and including, 1.1. This is due to insufficient restrictions on where the IP Address information is being retrieved for request logging and login restrictions. Attackers can supply the X-Forwarded-For header with with a different IP Address that will be logged and can be used to bypass settings that may have blocked out an IP address or country from logging in.",
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      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2922250%40ip-vault-wp-firewall\u0026new=2922250%40ip-vault-wp-firewall\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
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        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "pkg.jsn.cam/caddy-defender"
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  "details": "### Impact\n\nCaddy Defender used `r.RemoteAddr` when evaluating whether a request should be blocked. `RemoteAddr` is the address of the immediate peer connected to Caddy.\n\nIn deployments where Caddy is behind a trusted proxy, CDN, or load balancer, the immediate peer is usually the proxy, not the original client. Caddy resolves the original client address into its `client_ip` request variable after applying the configured `trusted_proxies` policy, but Defender did not use that value.\n\nAs a result, clients from blocked IP ranges could bypass Defender when accessing Caddy through a trusted proxy whose own IP address was not blocked. This affects deployments that use Defender behind trusted proxies and expect it to enforce blocking based on the real client IP.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe issue is fixed by making Defender prefer Caddys resolved `client_ip` request variable when it is available. Defender falls back to `RemoteAddr` only when Caddy has not provided a resolved client IP.\n\nUsers should upgrade to `v0.10.1` or later.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no complete workaround in affected Defender versions for deployments that rely on Caddys trusted proxy client IP resolution.\n\nUntil upgrading, affected users should enforce equivalent IP blocking at the trusted proxy, CDN, load balancer, firewall, or other edge layer before traffic reaches Caddy.\n\nDeployments where Caddy receives traffic directly from clients, without an intermediate trusted proxy, are not affected by this bypass.",
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/037ac32a-dc2e-4e9f-9318-65dfee1c80e9?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "fastify"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.8.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.12.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-16732"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-348"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-02T15:14:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T21:16:34Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Impact\n\nThe fix for [CVE-2026-3635](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-3635) ([GHSA-444r-cwp2-x5xf](https://github.com/fastify/fastify/security/advisories/GHSA-444r-cwp2-x5xf)) added a `proxyFn(socket.remoteAddress, 0)` guard on the `X-Forwarded-*` reads in `request.host`, `request.protocol`, `request.hostname`, `request.ip`, and `request.ips`. That guard closes the IP, CIDR, and custom-function forms of `trustProxy` correctly because those forms compile to predicates that inspect the connecting address. The hop-count form (`trustProxy: \u003cnumber\u003e`) compiles to a predicate that structurally ignores the address argument, so the guard reduces to `0 \u003c tp`, always true for any `tp \u003e= 1`.\n\nApplications configured with `trustProxy: \u003cnumber\u003e` (documented as \"behind N reverse proxies\", `trustProxy: 1` being the canonical single-proxy setting) remain vulnerable. An attacker who can reach the Fastify origin directly, bypassing the front-facing proxy, can spoof the request fields exactly as in the unpatched version. Impact class matches the parent CVE-2026-3635: host injection in generated URLs, HTTPS-enforcement bypass, secure-cookie / CSRF-origin bypass, host-based routing and cache poisoning.\n\n## Patches\n\nPatched in fastify 5.12.1. The numeric form of `trustProxy` is now disabled at runtime and removed from the TypeScript type union.\n\n## Workarounds\n\n- Migrate to an IP / CIDR / custom-function `trustProxy` value that validates the connecting address. Custom functions must inspect the `address` argument, not only the hop index.\n- Ensure the Fastify origin is only reachable through the trusted proxy chain (no direct network path).",
  "id": "GHSA-3m5p-2c4r-xxw2",
  "modified": "2026-09-02T15:14:06Z",
  "published": "2026-09-02T15:14:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify/security/advisories/GHSA-3m5p-2c4r-xxw2"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16732"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify/commit/8acfea7eada05383a7357e3eb21c2628416df280"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cna.openjsf.org/security-advisories.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/fastify/fastify/releases/tag/v5.12.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "fastify vulnerable to X-Forwarded-* spoofing under trustProxy hop-count"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "litestar"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.22.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-48061"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-348",
      "CWE-807"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-10T19:12:10Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\n`AllowedHostsMiddleware` trusts the `X-Forwarded-Host` header as a fallback when the `Host` header is absent. Since `X-Forwarded-Host` is a client-controllable header, an attacker can bypass the allowed hosts validation by omitting the `Host` header and supplying an `X-Forwarded-Host` header set to a whitelisted domain. This enables host header injection attacks such as password reset poisoning, cache poisoning, and server-side request routing manipulation.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `AllowedHostsMiddleware.__call__`, the host value used for validation is resolved as follows:\n\nhttps://github.com/litestar-org/litestar/blob/main/litestar/middleware/allowed_hosts.py#L68\n\n```python\nheaders = MutableScopeHeaders(scope=scope)\nif host := headers.get(\"host\", headers.get(\"x-forwarded-host\", \"\")).split(\":\")[0]:\n    if self.allowed_hosts_regex.fullmatch(host):\n        await self.app(scope, receive, send)\n        return\n```\n\nWhen `Host` is absent (e.g., HTTP/1.0 clients, misconfigured proxies, or raw TCP connections), the middleware falls back to `X-Forwarded-Host` without any verification that the request actually passed through a trusted reverse proxy.\n\nAn attacker can send a request with no `Host` header and set `X-Forwarded-Host` to any whitelisted domain, bypassing the entire allowed hosts check. The application then processes the request as if it originated from a trusted host.\n\nThis is particularly dangerous when applications use the resolved host value for:\n- Generating password reset links (`Host` header injection \u2192 link points to attacker domain)\n- Cache key generation (cache poisoning)\n- Routing or backend selection decisions\n\n### PoC\n\n```python\n\"\"\"\nPoC: Allowed Hosts Bypass via X-Forwarded-Host in Litestar 3.0.0b0\n\nAffected:\n  litestar/middleware/allowed_hosts.py:68\n  -\u003e headers.get(\"host\", headers.get(\"x-forwarded-host\", \"\")).split(\":\")[0]\n\"\"\"\n\nimport asyncio\nfrom litestar import Litestar, get\nfrom litestar.config.allowed_hosts import AllowedHostsConfig\nfrom litestar.testing import TestClient\n\n\n@get(\"/\")\nasync def index() -\u003e dict:\n    return {\"status\": \"ok\"}\n\n\napp = Litestar(\n    route_handlers=[index],\n    allowed_hosts=AllowedHostsConfig(allowed_hosts=[\"trusted.example.com\"]),\n)\n\n\n# --- 1. Baseline: invalid host is blocked ---\n\nwith TestClient(app=app) as c:\n    resp = c.get(\"/\", headers={\"host\": \"evil.com\"})\n    assert resp.status_code == 400\n    print(f\"[*] Host: evil.com -\u003e {resp.status_code} (blocked)\")\n\n\n# --- 2. Bypass: ASGI scope without Host, with X-Forwarded-Host ---\n\nasync def test_bypass():\n    scope = {\n        \"type\": \"http\",\n        \"method\": \"GET\",\n        \"path\": \"/\",\n        \"root_path\": \"\",\n        \"scheme\": \"http\",\n        \"query_string\": b\"\",\n        \"headers\": [\n            # No \"host\" header \u2014 only x-forwarded-host\n            (b\"x-forwarded-host\", b\"trusted.example.com\"),\n        ],\n        \"server\": (\"testserver\", 80),\n        \"app\": app,\n        \"litestar_app\": app,\n        \"state\": {},\n    }\n\n    captured = {}\n\n    async def receive():\n        return {\"type\": \"http.request\", \"body\": b\"\"}\n\n    async def send(message):\n        if message[\"type\"] == \"http.response.start\":\n            captured[\"status\"] = message[\"status\"]\n\n    await app(scope, receive, send)\n    return captured[\"status\"]\n\nstatus = asyncio.run(test_bypass())\nprint(f\"[*] No Host + X-Forwarded-Host: trusted.example.com -\u003e {status} (bypassed)\")\nassert status == 200, f\"Expected 200, got {status}\"\nprint(f\"[!] AllowedHosts check passed using client-controlled X-Forwarded-Host\")\n```\n\n**Output:**\n```\n[*] Host: evil.com -\u003e 400 (blocked)\n[*] No Host + X-Forwarded-Host: trusted.example.com -\u003e 200 (bypassed)\n[!] AllowedHosts check passed using client-controlled X-Forwarded-Host\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nThis is a host validation bypass vulnerability. Any application using `AllowedHostsConfig` is affected when deployed without a reverse proxy that strips `X-Forwarded-Host`, or when accepting HTTP/1.0 connections.\n\nAn attacker can bypass the allowed hosts restriction and have requests processed as if they originated from a trusted host. This can lead to:\n\n- **Password reset poisoning**: if the application uses the host value to generate reset links, the attacker can redirect them to a malicious domain\n- **Cache poisoning**: cached responses keyed on the host value can be polluted with attacker-controlled content\n- **Routing manipulation**: backend routing decisions based on host value can be influenced",
  "id": "GHSA-3qmc-cj7q-62hv",
  "modified": "2026-06-10T19:12:10Z",
  "published": "2026-06-10T19:12:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/litestar-org/litestar/security/advisories/GHSA-3qmc-cj7q-62hv"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/litestar-org/litestar/commit/6930a20ceb543912cd651b42deae5b9f3637a262"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/litestar-org/litestar"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Litestar: AllowedHostsMiddleware bypasses host validation via client-controlled X-Forwarded-Host header"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.3.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.31"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41403"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-348",
      "CWE-807"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-03T03:24:25Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-28T19:37:43Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\ndiffs viewer misclassifies proxied remote requests as loopback when `allowRemoteViewer` is disabled\n\n## Current Maintainer Triage\n- Status: open\n- Normalized severity: low\n- Assessment: Shipped v2026.3.28 misclassified proxied diff-viewer requests as local loopback in some cases, a real but low-severity access-control flaw.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Latest published npm version: `2026.3.31`\n- Vulnerable version range: `\u003c=2026.3.28`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.3.31`\n- First stable tag containing the fix: `v2026.3.31`\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- `30a1690323088fd291abd11643a264a6828a002c` \u2014 2026-03-30T14:17:27-06:00\n\n## Release Process Note\n- The fix is already present in released version `2026.3.31`.\n- This draft looks ready for final maintainer disposition or publication, not additional code-fix work.\n\nThanks @smaeljaish771 for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-3xv9-89fm-7h4r",
  "modified": "2026-05-06T20:32:43Z",
  "published": "2026-04-03T03:24:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-3xv9-89fm-7h4r"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41403"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/30a1690323088fd291abd11643a264a6828a002c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.3.31"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-access-control-bypass-via-proxied-remote-request-misclassification"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: diffs viewer misclassifies proxied remote requests as loopback when `allowRemoteViewer` is disabled"
}