Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-347

Allowed

Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.

1438 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-97X9-59RV-Q5PM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-09 20:31 – Updated: 2024-01-11 15:42
VLAI
Summary
Hyperledger Aries Cloud Agent Python result of presentation verification not checked for LDP-VC
Details

Impact

When verifying W3C Format Verifiable Credentials using JSON-LD with Linked Data Proofs (LDP-VCs), the result of verifying the presentation document.proof was not factored into the final verified value (true/false) on the presentation record. Below is an example result from verifying a JSON-LD Presentation where there is an error noted in the processing (mismatched challenge), but the overall result is incorrectly "verified": true:

{
  "verified": true,
  "presentation_result": {
    "verified": false,
    "document": {
      "@context": [
        "https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1"
      ],
      "type": [
        "VerifiablePresentation"
      ],
      "verifiableCredential": [
        {
          "@context": [
            "https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1",
            "https://w3id.org/citizenship/v1"
          ],
          "type": [
            "VerifiableCredential",
            "PermanentResident"
          ],
          "issuer": "did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd",
          "issuanceDate": "2023-11-18",
          "credentialSubject": {
            "type": [
              "PermanentResident"
            ],
            "id": "did:key:z6MkrpbudRMUpTWSdqFcG2ytbYu2QQfgGFUf8GJpShR8Gy7C",
            "givenName": "Bob",
            "familyName": "Builder",
            "gender": "Male",
            "birthCountry": "Bahamas",
            "birthDate": "1958-07-17"
          },
          "proof": {
            "type": "Ed25519Signature2018",
            "proofPurpose": "assertionMethod",
            "verificationMethod": "did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd#key-1",
            "created": "2023-11-18T21:39:56.988853+00:00",
            "jws": "eyJhbGciOiAiRWREU0EiLCAiYjY0IjogZmFsc2UsICJjcml0IjogWyJiNjQiXX0..eKdLMhKJkiVNzTKOEv14KyAFJnk8QX5MqXPmRE5OjQvwRNkeXk1lQRovhDhXKw154OrSqLHgfSNwBd3xfwuDCA"
          }
        }
      ],
      "proof": {
        "type": "Ed25519Signature2018",
        "proofPurpose": "authentication",
        "verificationMethod": "did:key:z6MkrpbudRMUpTWSdqFcG2ytbYu2QQfgGFUf8GJpShR8Gy7C#z6MkrpbudRMUpTWSdqFcG2ytbYu2QQfgGFUf8GJpShR8Gy7C",
        "created": "2023-11-18T21:39:59.188276+00:00",
        "challenge": "ce0956d4-206d-4b69-a087-52bbb9ddaf1d",
        "jws": "eyJhbGciOiAiRWREU0EiLCAiYjY0IjogZmFsc2UsICJjcml0IjogWyJiNjQiXX0..4ciLzT3oF-Ch9nngGVgI_fBNIo_RPPXzRuFXjMx4AdwVNM4ioeB3TNDbHsF7fPXANznkZR0bHceyvMN3-CUSAw"
      }
    },
    "results": [
      {
        "verified": false,
        "proof": {
          "@context": [
            "https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1"
          ],
          "type": "Ed25519Signature2018",
          "proofPurpose": "authentication",
          "verificationMethod": "did:key:z6MkrpbudRMUpTWSdqFcG2ytbYu2QQfgGFUf8GJpShR8Gy7C#z6MkrpbudRMUpTWSdqFcG2ytbYu2QQfgGFUf8GJpShR8Gy7C",
          "created": "2023-11-18T21:39:59.188276+00:00",
          "challenge": "ce0956d4-206d-4b69-a087-52bbb9ddaf1d",
          "jws": "eyJhbGciOiAiRWREU0EiLCAiYjY0IjogZmFsc2UsICJjcml0IjogWyJiNjQiXX0..4ciLzT3oF-Ch9nngGVgI_fBNIo_RPPXzRuFXjMx4AdwVNM4ioeB3TNDbHsF7fPXANznkZR0bHceyvMN3-CUSAw"
        },
        "error": "The challenge is not as expected; challenge=ce0956d4-206d-4b69-a087-52bbb9ddaf1d, expected=328daf6e-f1f5-475a-944e-6446e7b3a969",
        "purpose_result": {
          "valid": false,
          "error": "The challenge is not as expected; challenge=ce0956d4-206d-4b69-a087-52bbb9ddaf1d, expected=328daf6e-f1f5-475a-944e-6446e7b3a969"
        }
      }
    ],
    "errors": [
      "The challenge is not as expected; challenge=ce0956d4-206d-4b69-a087-52bbb9ddaf1d, expected=328daf6e-f1f5-475a-944e-6446e7b3a969"
    ]
  },
  "credential_results": [
    {
      "verified": true,
      "document": {
        "@context": [
          "https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1",
          "https://w3id.org/citizenship/v1"
        ],
        "type": [
          "VerifiableCredential",
          "PermanentResident"
        ],
        "issuer": "did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd",
        "issuanceDate": "2023-11-18",
        "credentialSubject": {
          "type": [
            "PermanentResident"
          ],
          "id": "did:key:z6MkrpbudRMUpTWSdqFcG2ytbYu2QQfgGFUf8GJpShR8Gy7C",
          "givenName": "Bob",
          "familyName": "Builder",
          "gender": "Male",
          "birthCountry": "Bahamas",
          "birthDate": "1958-07-17"
        },
        "proof": {
          "type": "Ed25519Signature2018",
          "proofPurpose": "assertionMethod",
          "verificationMethod": "did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd#key-1",
          "created": "2023-11-18T21:39:56.988853+00:00",
          "jws": "eyJhbGciOiAiRWREU0EiLCAiYjY0IjogZmFsc2UsICJjcml0IjogWyJiNjQiXX0..eKdLMhKJkiVNzTKOEv14KyAFJnk8QX5MqXPmRE5OjQvwRNkeXk1lQRovhDhXKw154OrSqLHgfSNwBd3xfwuDCA"
        }
      },
      "results": [
        {
          "verified": true,
          "proof": {
            "@context": [
              "https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1",
              "https://w3id.org/citizenship/v1"
            ],
            "type": "Ed25519Signature2018",
            "proofPurpose": "assertionMethod",
            "verificationMethod": "did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd#key-1",
            "created": "2023-11-18T21:39:56.988853+00:00",
            "jws": "eyJhbGciOiAiRWREU0EiLCAiYjY0IjogZmFsc2UsICJjcml0IjogWyJiNjQiXX0..eKdLMhKJkiVNzTKOEv14KyAFJnk8QX5MqXPmRE5OjQvwRNkeXk1lQRovhDhXKw154OrSqLHgfSNwBd3xfwuDCA"
          },
          "purpose_result": {
            "valid": true,
            "controller": {
              "@context": "https://w3id.org/security/v2",
              "id": "did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd",
              "assertionMethod": [
                "did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd#key-1"
              ],
              "authentication": [
                {
                  "id": "did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd#key-1",
                  "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
                  "controller": "did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd",
                  "publicKeyBase58": "8dMkWKZxsK7vS8sR4XgS7gWvRawPp5TMYVFvnU2RyXqo"
                }
              ],
              "verificationMethod": "did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd#key-1",
              "https://www.w3.org/ns/did#service": {
                "id": "did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd#did-communication",
                "type": "did-communication",
                "https://www.w3.org/ns/did#serviceEndpoint": {
                  "id": "http://alice:3000"
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "errors": [
    "The challenge is not as expected; challenge=ce0956d4-206d-4b69-a087-52bbb9ddaf1d, expected=328daf6e-f1f5-475a-944e-6446e7b3a969"
  ]
}

The flaw enables holders of W3C Format Verifiable Credentials using JSON-LD with Linked Data Proofs (LDPs) to present incorrectly constructed proofs, and allows malicious verifiers to save and replay a presentation from such holders as their own.

This vulnerability has been present since the first implementation of support for JSON-LD W3C Verifiable Credential Data Model presentations, in Aries Cloud Agent Python release in 0.7.0.

All ACA-Py Users depending on W3C Format Verifiable Credentials using JSON-LD with Linked Data Proofs are impacted by this vulnerability.

Patches

This issue has been patched in version 0.10.5 and fixed in 0.11.0.

Workarounds

There is no workaround other upgrading to a patched/fixed version of ACA-Py.

Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "aries-cloudagent"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.7.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.10.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "aries-cloudagent"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.11.0rc1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.11.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-21669"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-09T20:31:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-11T06:15:44Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nWhen verifying W3C Format Verifiable Credentials using JSON-LD with Linked Data Proofs (LDP-VCs), the result of verifying the presentation `document.proof` was not factored into the final `verified` value (`true`/`false`) on the presentation record. Below is an example result from verifying a JSON-LD Presentation where there is an error noted in the processing (mismatched challenge), but the overall result is incorrectly `\"verified\": true`:\n\n```json\n{\n  \"verified\": true,\n  \"presentation_result\": {\n    \"verified\": false,\n    \"document\": {\n      \"@context\": [\n        \"https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1\"\n      ],\n      \"type\": [\n        \"VerifiablePresentation\"\n      ],\n      \"verifiableCredential\": [\n        {\n          \"@context\": [\n            \"https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1\",\n            \"https://w3id.org/citizenship/v1\"\n          ],\n          \"type\": [\n            \"VerifiableCredential\",\n            \"PermanentResident\"\n          ],\n          \"issuer\": \"did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd\",\n          \"issuanceDate\": \"2023-11-18\",\n          \"credentialSubject\": {\n            \"type\": [\n              \"PermanentResident\"\n            ],\n            \"id\": \"did:key:z6MkrpbudRMUpTWSdqFcG2ytbYu2QQfgGFUf8GJpShR8Gy7C\",\n            \"givenName\": \"Bob\",\n            \"familyName\": \"Builder\",\n            \"gender\": \"Male\",\n            \"birthCountry\": \"Bahamas\",\n            \"birthDate\": \"1958-07-17\"\n          },\n          \"proof\": {\n            \"type\": \"Ed25519Signature2018\",\n            \"proofPurpose\": \"assertionMethod\",\n            \"verificationMethod\": \"did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd#key-1\",\n            \"created\": \"2023-11-18T21:39:56.988853+00:00\",\n            \"jws\": \"eyJhbGciOiAiRWREU0EiLCAiYjY0IjogZmFsc2UsICJjcml0IjogWyJiNjQiXX0..eKdLMhKJkiVNzTKOEv14KyAFJnk8QX5MqXPmRE5OjQvwRNkeXk1lQRovhDhXKw154OrSqLHgfSNwBd3xfwuDCA\"\n          }\n        }\n      ],\n      \"proof\": {\n        \"type\": \"Ed25519Signature2018\",\n        \"proofPurpose\": \"authentication\",\n        \"verificationMethod\": \"did:key:z6MkrpbudRMUpTWSdqFcG2ytbYu2QQfgGFUf8GJpShR8Gy7C#z6MkrpbudRMUpTWSdqFcG2ytbYu2QQfgGFUf8GJpShR8Gy7C\",\n        \"created\": \"2023-11-18T21:39:59.188276+00:00\",\n        \"challenge\": \"ce0956d4-206d-4b69-a087-52bbb9ddaf1d\",\n        \"jws\": \"eyJhbGciOiAiRWREU0EiLCAiYjY0IjogZmFsc2UsICJjcml0IjogWyJiNjQiXX0..4ciLzT3oF-Ch9nngGVgI_fBNIo_RPPXzRuFXjMx4AdwVNM4ioeB3TNDbHsF7fPXANznkZR0bHceyvMN3-CUSAw\"\n      }\n    },\n    \"results\": [\n      {\n        \"verified\": false,\n        \"proof\": {\n          \"@context\": [\n            \"https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1\"\n          ],\n          \"type\": \"Ed25519Signature2018\",\n          \"proofPurpose\": \"authentication\",\n          \"verificationMethod\": \"did:key:z6MkrpbudRMUpTWSdqFcG2ytbYu2QQfgGFUf8GJpShR8Gy7C#z6MkrpbudRMUpTWSdqFcG2ytbYu2QQfgGFUf8GJpShR8Gy7C\",\n          \"created\": \"2023-11-18T21:39:59.188276+00:00\",\n          \"challenge\": \"ce0956d4-206d-4b69-a087-52bbb9ddaf1d\",\n          \"jws\": \"eyJhbGciOiAiRWREU0EiLCAiYjY0IjogZmFsc2UsICJjcml0IjogWyJiNjQiXX0..4ciLzT3oF-Ch9nngGVgI_fBNIo_RPPXzRuFXjMx4AdwVNM4ioeB3TNDbHsF7fPXANznkZR0bHceyvMN3-CUSAw\"\n        },\n        \"error\": \"The challenge is not as expected; challenge=ce0956d4-206d-4b69-a087-52bbb9ddaf1d, expected=328daf6e-f1f5-475a-944e-6446e7b3a969\",\n        \"purpose_result\": {\n          \"valid\": false,\n          \"error\": \"The challenge is not as expected; challenge=ce0956d4-206d-4b69-a087-52bbb9ddaf1d, expected=328daf6e-f1f5-475a-944e-6446e7b3a969\"\n        }\n      }\n    ],\n    \"errors\": [\n      \"The challenge is not as expected; challenge=ce0956d4-206d-4b69-a087-52bbb9ddaf1d, expected=328daf6e-f1f5-475a-944e-6446e7b3a969\"\n    ]\n  },\n  \"credential_results\": [\n    {\n      \"verified\": true,\n      \"document\": {\n        \"@context\": [\n          \"https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1\",\n          \"https://w3id.org/citizenship/v1\"\n        ],\n        \"type\": [\n          \"VerifiableCredential\",\n          \"PermanentResident\"\n        ],\n        \"issuer\": \"did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd\",\n        \"issuanceDate\": \"2023-11-18\",\n        \"credentialSubject\": {\n          \"type\": [\n            \"PermanentResident\"\n          ],\n          \"id\": \"did:key:z6MkrpbudRMUpTWSdqFcG2ytbYu2QQfgGFUf8GJpShR8Gy7C\",\n          \"givenName\": \"Bob\",\n          \"familyName\": \"Builder\",\n          \"gender\": \"Male\",\n          \"birthCountry\": \"Bahamas\",\n          \"birthDate\": \"1958-07-17\"\n        },\n        \"proof\": {\n          \"type\": \"Ed25519Signature2018\",\n          \"proofPurpose\": \"assertionMethod\",\n          \"verificationMethod\": \"did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd#key-1\",\n          \"created\": \"2023-11-18T21:39:56.988853+00:00\",\n          \"jws\": \"eyJhbGciOiAiRWREU0EiLCAiYjY0IjogZmFsc2UsICJjcml0IjogWyJiNjQiXX0..eKdLMhKJkiVNzTKOEv14KyAFJnk8QX5MqXPmRE5OjQvwRNkeXk1lQRovhDhXKw154OrSqLHgfSNwBd3xfwuDCA\"\n        }\n      },\n      \"results\": [\n        {\n          \"verified\": true,\n          \"proof\": {\n            \"@context\": [\n              \"https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1\",\n              \"https://w3id.org/citizenship/v1\"\n            ],\n            \"type\": \"Ed25519Signature2018\",\n            \"proofPurpose\": \"assertionMethod\",\n            \"verificationMethod\": \"did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd#key-1\",\n            \"created\": \"2023-11-18T21:39:56.988853+00:00\",\n            \"jws\": \"eyJhbGciOiAiRWREU0EiLCAiYjY0IjogZmFsc2UsICJjcml0IjogWyJiNjQiXX0..eKdLMhKJkiVNzTKOEv14KyAFJnk8QX5MqXPmRE5OjQvwRNkeXk1lQRovhDhXKw154OrSqLHgfSNwBd3xfwuDCA\"\n          },\n          \"purpose_result\": {\n            \"valid\": true,\n            \"controller\": {\n              \"@context\": \"https://w3id.org/security/v2\",\n              \"id\": \"did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd\",\n              \"assertionMethod\": [\n                \"did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd#key-1\"\n              ],\n              \"authentication\": [\n                {\n                  \"id\": \"did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd#key-1\",\n                  \"type\": \"Ed25519VerificationKey2018\",\n                  \"controller\": \"did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd\",\n                  \"publicKeyBase58\": \"8dMkWKZxsK7vS8sR4XgS7gWvRawPp5TMYVFvnU2RyXqo\"\n                }\n              ],\n              \"verificationMethod\": \"did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd#key-1\",\n              \"https://www.w3.org/ns/did#service\": {\n                \"id\": \"did:sov:EzcfrVw7Tveho5NjrmDWnd#did-communication\",\n                \"type\": \"did-communication\",\n                \"https://www.w3.org/ns/did#serviceEndpoint\": {\n                  \"id\": \"http://alice:3000\"\n                }\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"errors\": [\n    \"The challenge is not as expected; challenge=ce0956d4-206d-4b69-a087-52bbb9ddaf1d, expected=328daf6e-f1f5-475a-944e-6446e7b3a969\"\n  ]\n}\n```\n\nThe flaw enables holders of W3C Format Verifiable Credentials using JSON-LD with Linked Data Proofs (LDPs) to present incorrectly constructed proofs, and allows malicious verifiers to save and replay a presentation from such holders as their own.\n\nThis vulnerability has been present since the first implementation of support for JSON-LD W3C Verifiable Credential Data Model presentations, in Aries Cloud Agent Python release in 0.7.0.\n\nAll ACA-Py Users depending on W3C Format Verifiable Credentials using JSON-LD with Linked Data Proofs are impacted by this vulnerability.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue has been patched in version [0.10.5](https://github.com/hyperledger/aries-cloudagent-python/releases/tag/0.10.5) and fixed in [0.11.0](https://github.com/hyperledger/aries-cloudagent-python/releases/tag/0.11.0).\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no workaround other upgrading to a patched/fixed version of ACA-Py.",
  "id": "GHSA-97x9-59rv-q5pm",
  "modified": "2024-01-11T15:42:21Z",
  "published": "2024-01-09T20:31:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hyperledger/aries-cloudagent-python/security/advisories/GHSA-97x9-59rv-q5pm"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21669"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hyperledger/aries-cloudagent-python/commit/0b01ffffc0789205ac990292f97238614c9fd293"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hyperledger/aries-cloudagent-python/commit/4c45244e2085aeff2f038dd771710e92d7682ff2"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/hyperledger/aries-cloudagent-python"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hyperledger/aries-cloudagent-python/releases/tag/0.10.5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hyperledger/aries-cloudagent-python/releases/tag/0.11.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Hyperledger Aries Cloud Agent Python result of presentation verification not checked for LDP-VC"
}

GHSA-98MW-G7W9-2XQQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-18 21:31 – Updated: 2025-08-18 21:31
VLAI
Details

A potential vulnerability was reported in the Lenovo 510 FHD and Performance FHD web cameras that could allow an attacker with physical access to write arbitrary firmware updates to the device over a USB connection.

Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.0 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-4371"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-18T20:15:29Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A potential vulnerability was reported in the Lenovo 510 FHD and Performance FHD web cameras that could allow an attacker with physical access to write arbitrary firmware updates to the device over a USB connection.",
  "id": "GHSA-98mw-g7w9-2xqq",
  "modified": "2025-08-18T21:31:19Z",
  "published": "2025-08-18T21:31:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4371"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-194466"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9955-WG6R-GGM9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:37 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:37
VLAI
Details

In sig_verify() in x509.c in axTLS version 2.1.3 and before, the PKCS#1 v1.5 signature verification blindly trusts the declared lengths in the ASN.1 structure. Consequently, when small public exponents are being used, a remote attacker can generate purposefully crafted signatures (and put them on X.509 certificates) to induce illegal memory access and crash the verifier.

Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-16149"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-11-07T20:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In sig_verify() in x509.c in axTLS version 2.1.3 and before, the PKCS#1 v1.5 signature verification blindly trusts the declared lengths in the ASN.1 structure. Consequently, when small public exponents are being used, a remote attacker can generate purposefully crafted signatures (and put them on X.509 certificates) to induce illegal memory access and crash the verifier.",
  "id": "GHSA-9955-wg6r-ggm9",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:37:56Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:37:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16149"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/igrr/axtls-8266/commit/5efe2947ab45e81d84b5f707c51d1c64be52f36c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/axtls/mailman/message/36459928"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-99G5-79VP-5JV9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:22 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:22
VLAI
Details

HP LaserJet Enterprise printers, HP PageWide Enterprise printers, HP LaserJet Managed printers, HP Officejet Enterprise printers have an insufficient solution bundle signature validation that potentially allows execution of arbitrary code.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-6318"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-11T15:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "HP LaserJet Enterprise printers, HP PageWide Enterprise printers, HP LaserJet Managed printers, HP Officejet Enterprise printers have an insufficient solution bundle signature validation that potentially allows execution of arbitrary code.",
  "id": "GHSA-99g5-79vp-5jv9",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:22:45Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:22:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-6318"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/c06265454"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9CP4-6JFV-7725

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-01 12:31 – Updated: 2026-10-01 15:30
VLAI
Details

Improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability in Apache APISIX.

Any unauthenticated attacker could impersonate any user on every route protected by the saml-auth plugin under default configuration. This issue affects Apache APISIX: from 3.17.0 through 3.18.0.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.19.0, which fixes the issue.

Severity
6.4 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-94212"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-01T12:17:16Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability in Apache APISIX.\n\n\n\nAny unauthenticated attacker could impersonate any user on every route protected by the saml-auth plugin under default configuration.\u00a0This issue affects Apache APISIX: from 3.17.0 through 3.18.0.\n\n\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 3.19.0, which fixes the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-9cp4-6jfv-7725",
  "modified": "2026-10-01T15:30:39Z",
  "published": "2026-10-01T12:31:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-94212"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/1230fnojnmc7bfz3n0nkt7tkcld9d1sc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/10/01/4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9F78-PRJ9-GR67

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-09 15:31 – Updated: 2026-10-09 15:31
VLAI
Details

Improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability in Sipay Electronic Money and Payment Services Inc. OpenCart Virtual POS Module allows Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation.

This issue affects OpenCart Virtual POS Module: from 26.8.2 before 26.9.1.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-85531"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-09T13:17:10Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability in Sipay Electronic Money and Payment Services Inc. OpenCart Virtual POS Module allows Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation.\n\nThis issue affects OpenCart Virtual POS Module: from 26.8.2 before 26.9.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-9f78-prj9-gr67",
  "modified": "2026-10-09T15:31:30Z",
  "published": "2026-10-09T15:31:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-85531"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-26-1286"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9FMW-XP57-PHR3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-04 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-05 12:00
VLAI
Details

A CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature vulnerability exists that allows adversaries with local user privileges to load a malicious DLL which could lead to execution of malicious code. Affected Products: EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert(V3.3 Hotfix 1 or prior), Pro-face BLUE(V3.3 Hotfix1 or prior).

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-41666"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-04T05:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature vulnerability exists that allows adversaries with local user privileges to load a malicious DLL which could lead to execution of malicious code. Affected Products: EcoStruxure Operator Terminal Expert(V3.3 Hotfix 1 or prior), Pro-face BLUE(V3.3 Hotfix1 or prior).",
  "id": "GHSA-9fmw-xp57-phr3",
  "modified": "2022-11-05T12:00:20Z",
  "published": "2022-11-04T12:00:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41666"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/SEVD-2022-284-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9G9Q-P8C3-CHFQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-04 03:30 – Updated: 2025-12-17 21:30
VLAI
Details

A downgrade issue affecting Intel-based Mac computers was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.2. An app may be able to access user-sensitive data.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-43390"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-04T02:15:45Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A downgrade issue affecting Intel-based Mac computers was addressed with additional code-signing restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.2. An app may be able to access user-sensitive data.",
  "id": "GHSA-9g9q-p8c3-chfq",
  "modified": "2025-12-17T21:30:33Z",
  "published": "2025-11-04T03:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43390"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125634"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125635"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9GFF-JCRQ-H3HW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:26 – Updated: 2022-12-06 21:30
VLAI
Details

In OASIS Digital Signature Services (DSS) 1.0, an attacker can control the validation outcome (i.e., trigger either a valid or invalid outcome for a valid or invalid signature) via a crafted XML signature, when the InlineXML option is used. This defeats the expectation of non-repudiation.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-13101"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-08-24T08:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In OASIS Digital Signature Services (DSS) 1.0, an attacker can control the validation outcome (i.e., trigger either a valid or invalid outcome for a valid or invalid signature) via a crafted XML signature, when the InlineXML option is used. This defeats the expectation of non-repudiation.",
  "id": "GHSA-9gff-jcrq-h3hw",
  "modified": "2022-12-06T21:30:45Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:26:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-13101"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oasis-open.org/apps/org/workgroup/dss-x"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=dss-x"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oasis-open.org/standards#dssv1.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9GXV-X7RP-R2HC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-15 21:47 – Updated: 2026-07-16 18:46
VLAI
Summary
gree/jose - "None" Algorithm treated as valid in tokens
Details

Several widely-used JSON Web Token (JWT) libraries, including node-jsonwebtoken, pyjwt, namshi/jose, php-jwt, and jsjwt, are affected by critical vulnerabilities that could allow attackers to bypass the verification step when using asymmetric keys (RS256, RS384, RS512, ES256, ES384, ES512).

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "gree/jose"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-327",
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-15T21:47:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Several widely-used JSON Web Token (JWT) libraries, including node-jsonwebtoken, pyjwt, namshi/jose, php-jwt, and jsjwt, are affected by critical vulnerabilities that could allow attackers to bypass the verification step when using asymmetric keys (RS256, RS384, RS512, ES256, ES384, ES512).",
  "id": "GHSA-9gxv-x7rp-r2hc",
  "modified": "2026-07-16T18:46:45Z",
  "published": "2024-05-15T21:47:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://auth0.com/blog/2015/03/31/critical-vulnerabilities-in-json-web-token-libraries"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://auth0.com/blog/critical-vulnerabilities-in-json-web-token-libraries"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/gree/jose/2016-08-30.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nov/jose-php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nov/jose-php/compare/2.2.0...2.2.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "gree/jose - \"None\" Algorithm treated as valid in tokens"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-463: Padding Oracle Crypto Attack

An adversary is able to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key if a target system leaks data on whether or not a padding error happened while decrypting the ciphertext. A target system that leaks this type of information becomes the padding oracle and an adversary is able to make use of that oracle to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key by issuing on average 128*b calls to the padding oracle (where b is the number of bytes in the ciphertext block). In addition to performing decryption, an adversary is also able to produce valid ciphertexts (i.e., perform encryption) by using the padding oracle, all without knowing the encryption key.

CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation

An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.

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