Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-331

Allowed

Insufficient Entropy

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses an algorithm or scheme that produces insufficient entropy, leaving patterns or clusters of values that are more likely to occur than others.

229 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-2FHR-8R8R-QP56

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-07 20:37 – Updated: 2024-06-07 20:37
VLAI
Summary
ZendFramework Information Disclosure and Insufficient Entropy vulnerability
Details

In Zend Framework, Zend_Captcha_Word (v1) and Zend\Captcha\Word (v2) generate a "word" for a CAPTCHA challenge by selecting a sequence of random letters from a character set. Prior to this advisory, the selection was performed using PHP's internal array_rand() function. This function does not generate sufficient entropy due to its usage of rand() instead of more cryptographically secure methods such as openssl_pseudo_random_bytes(). This could potentially lead to information disclosure should an attacker be able to brute force the random number generation.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "zendframework/zendframework"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-331"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-07T20:37:45Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In Zend Framework, `Zend_Captcha_Word` (v1) and `Zend\\Captcha\\Word` (v2) generate a \"word\" for a CAPTCHA challenge by selecting a sequence of random letters from a character set. Prior to this advisory, the selection was performed using PHP\u0027s `internal array_rand()` function. This function does not generate sufficient entropy due to its usage of `rand()` instead of more cryptographically secure methods such as `openssl_pseudo_random_bytes()`. This could potentially lead to information disclosure should an attacker be able to brute force the random number generation.",
  "id": "GHSA-2fhr-8r8r-qp56",
  "modified": "2024-06-07T20:37:45Z",
  "published": "2024-06-07T20:37:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zendframework/zendframework/commit/ced8ff93ef892a64885c03f5dfab3f788a219709"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://framework.zend.com/security/advisory/ZF2015-09"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/zendframework/zendframework/ZF2015-09.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/zendframework/zendframework"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "ZendFramework Information Disclosure and Insufficient Entropy vulnerability"
}

GHSA-2HFW-W739-P7X5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-04 17:49 – Updated: 2026-02-02 22:27
Withdrawn 2026-02-02 VLAI
Summary
Duplicate Advisory: nano-id reduced entropy due to inadequate character set usage
Details

Duplicate Advisory

This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-9hc7-6w9r-wj94. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

Original Description

Description

Affected versions of the nano-id crate incorrectly generated IDs using a reduced character set in the nano_id::base62 and nano_id::base58 functions. Specifically, the base62 function used a character set of 32 symbols instead of the intended 62 symbols, and the base58 function used a character set of 16 symbols instead of the intended 58 symbols. Additionally, the nano_id::gen macro is also affected when a custom character set that is not a power of 2 in size is specified.

It should be noted that nano_id::base64 is not affected by this vulnerability.

Impact

This can result in a significant reduction in entropy, making the generated IDs predictable and vulnerable to brute-force attacks when the IDs are used in security-sensitive contexts such as session tokens or unique identifiers.

Patches

The flaws were corrected in commit a9022772b2f1ce38929b5b81eccc670ac9d3ab23 by updating the the nano_id::gen macro to use all specified characters correctly.

PoC

use std::collections::BTreeSet;

fn main() {
    test_base58();
    test_base62();
}

fn test_base58() {
    let mut produced_symbols = BTreeSet::new();

    for _ in 0..100_000 {
id = "RUSTSEC-2024-0343"
        for c in id.chars() {
            produced_symbols.insert(c);
        }
    }

    println!(
        "{} symbols generated from nano_id::base58",
        produced_symbols.len()
    );
}

fn test_base62() {
    let mut produced_symbols = BTreeSet::new();

    for _ in 0..100_000 {
id = "RUSTSEC-2024-0343"
        for c in id.chars() {
            produced_symbols.insert(c);
        }
    }

    println!(
        "{} symbols generated from nano_id::base62",
        produced_symbols.len()
    );
}
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "nano-id"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.4.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-331"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-04T17:49:18Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "## Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-9hc7-6w9r-wj94. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\n## Description\n\nAffected versions of the nano-id crate incorrectly generated IDs using a reduced character set in the `nano_id::base62` and `nano_id::base58` functions. Specifically, the `base62` function used a character set of 32 symbols instead of the intended 62 symbols, and the `base58` function used a character set of 16 symbols instead of the intended 58 symbols. Additionally, the `nano_id::gen` macro is also affected when a custom character set that is not a power of 2 in size is specified.\n\nIt should be noted that `nano_id::base64` is not affected by this vulnerability.\n\n## Impact\n\nThis can result in a significant reduction in entropy, making the generated IDs predictable and vulnerable to brute-force attacks when the IDs are used in security-sensitive contexts such as session tokens or unique identifiers.\n\n## Patches\n\nThe flaws were corrected in commit [a9022772b2f1ce38929b5b81eccc670ac9d3ab23](https://github.com/viz-rs/nano-id/commit/a9022772b2f1ce38929b5b81eccc670ac9d3ab23) by updating the the `nano_id::gen` macro to use all specified characters correctly.\n\n## PoC\n\n```rust\nuse std::collections::BTreeSet;\n\nfn main() {\n    test_base58();\n    test_base62();\n}\n\nfn test_base58() {\n    let mut produced_symbols = BTreeSet::new();\n\n    for _ in 0..100_000 {\nid = \"RUSTSEC-2024-0343\"\n        for c in id.chars() {\n            produced_symbols.insert(c);\n        }\n    }\n\n    println!(\n        \"{} symbols generated from nano_id::base58\",\n        produced_symbols.len()\n    );\n}\n\nfn test_base62() {\n    let mut produced_symbols = BTreeSet::new();\n\n    for _ in 0..100_000 {\nid = \"RUSTSEC-2024-0343\"\n        for c in id.chars() {\n            produced_symbols.insert(c);\n        }\n    }\n\n    println!(\n        \"{} symbols generated from nano_id::base62\",\n        produced_symbols.len()\n    );\n}\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-2hfw-w739-p7x5",
  "modified": "2026-02-02T22:27:07Z",
  "published": "2024-06-04T17:49:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/viz-rs/nano-id/commit/a9022772b2f1ce38929b5b81eccc670ac9d3ab23"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/viz-rs/nano-id"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2024-0343.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Duplicate Advisory: nano-id reduced entropy due to inadequate character set usage",
  "withdrawn": "2026-02-02T22:27:07Z"
}

GHSA-2M7H-86QQ-FP4V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-21 20:03 – Updated: 2022-06-21 20:03
VLAI
Summary
Insecure entropy in Argo CD's PKCE/Oauth2/OIDC params
Details

Impact

All versions of Argo CD starting with v0.11.0 are vulnerable to a variety of attacks when an SSO login is initiated from the Argo CD CLI or UI. The vulnerabilities are due to the use of insufficiently random values in parameters in Oauth2/OIDC login flows. In each case, using a relatively-predictable (time-based) seed in a non-cryptographically-secure pseudo-random number generator made the parameter less random than required by the relevant spec or by general best practices. In some cases, using too short a value made the entropy even less sufficient. (The specific weak parameters are listed in the References section.)

The attacks on login flows which are meant to be mitigated by these parameters are difficult to accomplish but can have a high impact (potentially granting an attacker admin access to Argo CD). The CVSS for this Security Advisory assumes the worst-case scenario.

Patches

A patch for this vulnerability has been released in the following Argo CD versions:

  • v2.4.1
  • v2.3.5
  • v2.2.10
  • v2.1.16

Workarounds

There are no workarounds. You must upgrade to a patched version to resolve the vulnerability.

References

These are the insufficiently-random parameters:

  1. (since 0.11.0) The state parameter generated by the argocd login command for Oauth2 login used a non-cryptographically secure source of entropy and generated a parameter that was too short to provide the entropy required in the spec. This parameter is a "recommended" part of the Oauth2 flow and helps protect against cross-site request forgery attacks.
  2. (since 1.7.2, when PKCE was added) The code_verifier parameter generated by the argocd login command for Oauth2+PKCE login used a non-cryptographically secure source of entropy. The attacks mitigated by PKCE are complex but have been observed in the wild.
  3. (since 0.11.0) The state parameter generated by the Argo CD API server during a UI-initiated Oauth2 login used a non-cryptographically secure source of entropy and generated a parameter that was too short to provide the entropy required in the spec. This parameter is a "recommended" part of the Oauth2 flow and helps protect against cross-site request forgery attacks.
  4. (since 0.11.0) The nonce parameter generated by the Argo CD API server during a UI-initiated Oauth2 implicit flow login used a non-cryptographically secure source of entropy and generated a parameter that was too short to provide sufficient entropy. This parameter is a required part of the OIDC implicit login flow and helps protect against replay attacks.

Credits

Originally discovered by @jgwest. @jannfis and @crenshaw-dev re-discovered the vulnerability when reviewing notes from ADA Logics' security audit of the Argo project sponsored by CNCF and facilitated by OSTIF. Thanks to Adam Korczynski and David Korczynski for their work on the audit.

For more information

Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.8.7"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/argoproj/argo-cd"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.11.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.16"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.16"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.4.0"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-31034"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-330",
      "CWE-331"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-21T20:03:23Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-27T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nAll versions of Argo CD starting with v0.11.0 are vulnerable to a variety of attacks when an SSO login is initiated from the Argo CD CLI or UI. The vulnerabilities are due to the use of insufficiently random values in parameters in Oauth2/OIDC login flows. In each case, using a relatively-predictable (time-based) seed in a non-cryptographically-secure pseudo-random number generator made the parameter less random than required by the relevant spec or by general best practices. In some cases, using too short a value made the entropy even less sufficient. (The specific weak parameters are listed in the References section.)\n\nThe attacks on login flows which are meant to be mitigated by these parameters are difficult to accomplish but can have a high impact (potentially granting an attacker admin access to Argo CD). The CVSS for this Security Advisory assumes the worst-case scenario.\n\n### Patches\n\nA patch for this vulnerability has been released in the following Argo CD versions:\n\n* v2.4.1\n* v2.3.5\n* v2.2.10\n* v2.1.16\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere are no workarounds. You must upgrade to a patched version to resolve the vulnerability.\n\n### References\n\nThese are the insufficiently-random parameters:\n\n1. (since 0.11.0) The [`state` parameter](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.1) generated by the `argocd login` command for Oauth2 login used a non-cryptographically secure source of entropy and generated a parameter that was too short to provide the entropy [required in the spec](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-10.10). This parameter is a \"recommended\" part of the Oauth2 flow and helps protect against cross-site request forgery attacks.\n2. (since 1.7.2, when PKCE was added) The [`code_verifier` parameter](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7636#section-4.1) generated by the `argocd login` command for Oauth2+PKCE login used a non-cryptographically secure source of entropy. The attacks mitigated by PKCE [are complex but have been observed in the wild](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7636#section-1).\n3. (since 0.11.0) The [`state` parameter](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.1) generated by the Argo CD API server during a UI-initiated Oauth2 login used a non-cryptographically secure source of entropy and generated a parameter that was too short to provide the entropy [required in the spec](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-10.10). This parameter is a \"recommended\" part of the Oauth2 flow and helps protect against cross-site request forgery attacks.\n4. (since 0.11.0) The [`nonce` parameter](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#ImplicitAuthRequest) generated by the Argo CD API server during a UI-initiated Oauth2 implicit flow login used a non-cryptographically secure source of entropy and generated a parameter that was too short to provide sufficient entropy. This parameter is a required part of the OIDC implicit login flow and helps protect against replay attacks.\n\n### Credits\n\nOriginally discovered by @jgwest. @jannfis and @crenshaw-dev re-discovered the vulnerability when reviewing notes from ADA Logics\u0027 security audit of the Argo project sponsored by CNCF and facilitated by OSTIF. Thanks to Adam Korczynski and David Korczynski for their work on the audit.\n\n### For more information\n\n* Open an issue in [the Argo CD issue tracker](https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/issues) or [discussions](https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/discussions)\n* Join us on [Slack](https://argoproj.github.io/community/join-slack) in channel #argo-cd\n",
  "id": "GHSA-2m7h-86qq-fp4v",
  "modified": "2022-06-21T20:03:23Z",
  "published": "2022-06-21T20:03:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/security/advisories/GHSA-2m7h-86qq-fp4v"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31034"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/commit/17f7f4f462bdb233e1b9b36f67099f41052d8cb0"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Insecure entropy in Argo CD\u0027s PKCE/Oauth2/OIDC params"
}

GHSA-2MH3-632R-MJC4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-09 12:32 – Updated: 2026-09-09 12:32
VLAI
Details

Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains an Insufficient Entropy in PRNG vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to elevation of privileges.

Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-80171"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-331"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-09T12:17:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00, contains an Insufficient Entropy in PRNG vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to elevation of privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-2mh3-632r-mjc4",
  "modified": "2026-09-09T12:32:14Z",
  "published": "2026-09-09T12:32:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-80171"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-in/000503426/dsa-2026-382-security-update-for-dell-secure-connect-gateway-virtual-edition-multiple-vulnerabilities"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-33HF-J99J-JXG5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:01 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:07
VLAI
Details

Cryptocat before 2.0.22: Cryptocat.random() Function Array Key has Entropy Weakness

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-2260"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-331"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-11-04T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Cryptocat before 2.0.22: Cryptocat.random() Function Array Key has Entropy Weakness",
  "id": "GHSA-33hf-j99j-jxg5",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T03:07:09Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T22:01:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-2260"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tobtu.com/decryptocat.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.9435"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2013/07/10/15"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/61091/info"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-359G-G9H9-MGJR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-17 00:01 – Updated: 2022-06-28 00:00
VLAI
Details

CA Automic Automation 12.2 and 12.3 contain an entropy weakness vulnerability in the Automic AutomationEngine that could allow a remote attacker to potentially access sensitive data.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-33756"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-331"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-16T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "CA Automic Automation 12.2 and 12.3 contain an entropy weakness vulnerability in the Automic AutomationEngine that could allow a remote attacker to potentially access sensitive data.",
  "id": "GHSA-359g-g9h9-mgjr",
  "modified": "2022-06-28T00:00:45Z",
  "published": "2022-06-17T00:01:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33756"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/20629"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3839-6R69-M497

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-28 00:30 – Updated: 2026-01-23 22:51
Withdrawn 2026-01-23 VLAI
Summary
Duplicate Advisory: GoUtils's randomly-generated alphanumeric strings contain significantly less entropy than expected
Details

Duplicate Advisory

This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-xg2h-wx96-xgxr. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

Original Description

Randomly-generated alphanumeric strings contain significantly less entropy than expected. The RandomAlphaNumeric and CryptoRandomAlphaNumeric functions always return strings containing at least one digit from 0 to 9. This significantly reduces the amount of entropy in short strings generated by these functions.

Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/Masterminds/goutils"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-331"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-30T18:53:53Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-27T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "## Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-xg2h-wx96-xgxr. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nRandomly-generated alphanumeric strings contain significantly less entropy than expected. The `RandomAlphaNumeric` and `CryptoRandomAlphaNumeric` functions always return strings containing at least one digit from 0 to 9. This significantly reduces the amount of entropy in short strings generated by these functions.",
  "id": "GHSA-3839-6r69-m497",
  "modified": "2026-01-23T22:51:27Z",
  "published": "2022-12-28T00:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4238"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Masterminds/goutils/commit/869801f20f9f1e7ecdbdb6422049d8241270d5e1"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Masterminds/goutils"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0411"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Duplicate Advisory: GoUtils\u0027s randomly-generated alphanumeric strings contain significantly less entropy than expected",
  "withdrawn": "2026-01-23T22:51:27Z"
}

GHSA-38VV-QGW3-86P8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-10 03:31 – Updated: 2024-09-10 03:31
VLAI
Details

An insufficient entropy vulnerability caused by the improper use of a randomness function with low entropy for web authentication tokens generation exists in the Zyxel GS1900-10HP firmware version V2.80(AAZI.0)C0. This vulnerability could allow a LAN-based attacker a slight chance to gain a valid session token if multiple authenticated sessions are alive.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-38270"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-331"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-10T02:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An insufficient entropy vulnerability caused by the improper use of a randomness function with low entropy for web authentication tokens generation exists in the Zyxel GS1900-10HP firmware version V2.80(AAZI.0)C0. This vulnerability could allow a LAN-based attacker a slight chance to gain a valid session token if multiple authenticated sessions are alive.",
  "id": "GHSA-38vv-qgw3-86p8",
  "modified": "2024-09-10T03:31:31Z",
  "published": "2024-09-10T03:31:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38270"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-insufficient-entropy-vulnerability-for-web-authentication-tokens-generation-in-gs1900-series-switches-09-10-2024"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3FMQ-X9Q6-WM39

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-17 23:27 – Updated: 2024-05-17 23:27
VLAI
Summary
random_compat Uses insecure CSPRNG
Details

random_compat versions prior to 2.0 are affected by a security vulnerability related to the insecure usage of Cryptographically Secure Pseudo-Random Number Generators (CSPRNG). The affected versions use openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(), which may result in insufficient entropy and compromise the security of generated random numbers.

Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "paragonie/random_compat"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-331"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-17T23:27:19Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "random_compat versions prior to 2.0 are affected by a security vulnerability related to the insecure usage of Cryptographically Secure Pseudo-Random Number Generators (CSPRNG). The affected versions use openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(), which may result in insufficient entropy and compromise the security of generated random numbers.",
  "id": "GHSA-3fmq-x9q6-wm39",
  "modified": "2024-05-17T23:27:19Z",
  "published": "2024-05-17T23:27:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/paragonie/random_compat/issues/96"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/paragonie/random_compat/2016-03-16.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/paragonie/random_compat"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "random_compat Uses insecure CSPRNG"
}

GHSA-3FWQ-4GV2-9V92

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-30 12:30 – Updated: 2025-09-30 15:30
VLAI
Details

Crypt::RandomEncryption for Perl version 0.01 uses insecure rand() function during encryption.

Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-58040"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-331"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-30T11:37:36Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Crypt::RandomEncryption for Perl version 0.01 uses insecure rand() function during encryption.",
  "id": "GHSA-3fwq-4gv2-9v92",
  "modified": "2025-09-30T15:30:29Z",
  "published": "2025-09-30T12:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-58040"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://metacpan.org/release/QWER/Crypt-RandomEncryption-0.01/source/lib/Crypt/RandomEncryption.pm#L33"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://perldoc.perl.org/functions/rand"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.metacpan.org/docs/guides/random-data-for-security.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Implementation

Determine the necessary entropy to adequately provide for randomness and predictability. This can be achieved by increasing the number of bits of objects such as keys and seeds.

CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction

This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.

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