CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
4615 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RH49-W6RX-XCXG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-26 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:31Admin authentication can be bypassed with some specific invalid credentials, which allows logging in with an administrative privilege. Sharp Corporation states the telnet feature is implemented on older models only, and is planning to provide the firmware update to remove the feature. As for the details of affected product names, model numbers, and versions, refer to the information provided by the respective vendors listed under [References].
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33616"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-26T08:15:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Admin authentication can be bypassed with some specific invalid credentials, which allows logging in with an administrative privilege. Sharp Corporation states the telnet feature is implemented on older models only, and is planning to provide the firmware update to remove the feature. As for the details of affected product names, model numbers, and versions, refer to the information provided by the respective vendors listed under [References].",
"id": "GHSA-rh49-w6rx-xcxg",
"modified": "2025-11-04T18:31:30Z",
"published": "2024-11-26T09:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33616"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://global.sharp/products/copier/info/info_security_2024-05.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jp.sharp/business/print/information/info_security_2024-05.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU93051062"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2024-06-27-sharp-mfp-17-vulnerabilities.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.toshibatec.co.jp/information/20240531_02.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.toshibatec.com/information/20240531_02.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RH4P-Q4F7-8GMR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-07 09:30 – Updated: 2025-03-07 09:30The School Management System for Wordpress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 93.0.0. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity prior to updating their details like email and password through the mj_smgt_update_user() and mj_smgt_add_admission() functions, along with a local file inclusion vulnerability. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with student-level access and above, to change arbitrary user's email addresses and passwords, including administrators, and leverage that to gain access to their account. This was escalated four months ago after no response to our initial outreach, yet it still vulnerable.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-9658"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-07T09:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The School Management System for Wordpress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 93.0.0. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user\u0027s identity prior to updating their details like email and password through the mj_smgt_update_user() and mj_smgt_add_admission() functions, along with a local file inclusion vulnerability. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with student-level access and above, to change arbitrary user\u0027s email addresses and passwords, including administrators, and leverage that to gain access to their account. This was escalated four months ago after no response to our initial outreach, yet it still vulnerable.",
"id": "GHSA-rh4p-q4f7-8gmr",
"modified": "2025-03-07T09:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-03-07T09:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9658"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://codecanyon.net/item/school-management-system-for-wordpress/11470032"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b5fd7bca-7754-4f83-8e51-5278e6e8cc78?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RH53-XVX2-J327
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-04 21:41 – Updated: 2026-09-04 21:41Summary
The OpenChoreo control-plane cluster-gateway exposes internal management APIs (/api/proxy/, /api/exec/, /api/wirelogs/) that tunnel requests through to connected data planes' Kubernetes APIs, but the internal listener authenticates no caller. Its request validator permits mutating HTTP methods and reads of Secrets in tenant namespaces (only kube-system Secrets are blocked), so although the client library documents these requests as "read-only," the server enforces no such restriction. Any party able to reach the internal listener can — with no client certificate or token — read Secrets in any tenant namespace, create/modify/delete workloads, and exec into pods across every connected data plane.
Impact
An attacker with network access to the cluster-gateway internal listener obtains tunneled access to every connected data plane's Kubernetes API with no caller-level access control. Across all connected data planes, this allows:
- Secret disclosure — reading any Secret outside
kube-systemin any tenant namespace (database credentials, cloud/KMS keys, TLS private keys), independent of any workload ServiceAccount permissions. - Workload tampering or destruction — creating, modifying, or deleting Deployments, Services, and other resources.
- Pod command execution inside workload pods via
/api/exec/.
This is also the missing second authorization layer behind GHSA-52gf-6rpq-fgmx (the openchoreo-api exec/wirelogs cross-project authorization bypass): because the gateway provides no compensating authorization, that bypass — and any other authz gap or SSRF that reaches the internal API — reaches the data-plane Kubernetes API unchecked.
Direct exploitability depends on the network isolation of the internal listener, which is not fixed in source. Where the internal port is reachable by untrusted workloads with no restrictive NetworkPolicy — and with impact landing in a separate data-plane cluster — this is Critical; it is scored conservatively as High otherwise.
Patches
Fixed in 1.0.3, 1.1.3, and 1.2.0. Upgrade path: 1.1.x → 1.1.2, 1.0.x and earlier → 1.0.2, 1.2.0-rc1 line → 1.2.0.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/openchoreo/openchoreo"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/openchoreo/openchoreo"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 1.2.0-rc.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/openchoreo/openchoreo"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.2.0-rc.1"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-73842"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-306",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-04T21:41:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-13T22:17:29Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe OpenChoreo control-plane cluster-gateway exposes internal management APIs (`/api/proxy/`, `/api/exec/`, `/api/wirelogs/`) that tunnel requests through to connected data planes\u0027 Kubernetes APIs, but the internal listener authenticates no caller. Its request validator permits mutating HTTP methods and reads of Secrets in tenant namespaces (only kube-system Secrets are blocked), so although the client library documents these requests as \"read-only,\" the server enforces no such restriction. Any party able to reach the internal listener can \u2014 with no client certificate or token \u2014 read Secrets in any tenant namespace, create/modify/delete workloads, and exec into pods across every connected data plane.\n\n### Impact\n\nAn attacker with network access to the cluster-gateway internal listener obtains tunneled access to every connected data plane\u0027s Kubernetes API with no caller-level access control. Across all connected data planes, this allows:\n\n- Secret disclosure \u2014 reading any Secret outside `kube-system` in any tenant namespace (database credentials, cloud/KMS keys, TLS private keys), independent of any workload ServiceAccount permissions.\n- Workload tampering or destruction \u2014 creating, modifying, or deleting Deployments, Services, and other resources.\n- Pod command execution inside workload pods via `/api/exec/`.\n\nThis is also the missing second authorization layer behind GHSA-52gf-6rpq-fgmx (the openchoreo-api exec/wirelogs cross-project authorization bypass): because the gateway provides no compensating authorization, that bypass \u2014 and any other authz gap or SSRF that reaches the internal API \u2014 reaches the data-plane Kubernetes API unchecked.\n\nDirect exploitability depends on the network isolation of the internal listener, which is not fixed in source. Where the internal port is reachable by untrusted workloads with no restrictive NetworkPolicy \u2014 and with impact landing in a separate data-plane cluster \u2014 this is Critical; it is scored conservatively as High otherwise.\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in 1.0.3, 1.1.3, and 1.2.0. Upgrade path: 1.1.x \u2192 1.1.2, 1.0.x and earlier \u2192 1.0.2, 1.2.0-rc1 line \u2192 1.2.0.",
"id": "GHSA-rh53-xvx2-j327",
"modified": "2026-09-04T21:41:39Z",
"published": "2026-09-04T21:41:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openchoreo/openchoreo/security/advisories/GHSA-rh53-xvx2-j327"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-73842"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openchoreo/openchoreo/pull/4256"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openchoreo/openchoreo/pull/4258"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openchoreo/openchoreo/pull/4259"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openchoreo/openchoreo/commit/50fcae3f1753fd0ac3ae655a3fc080a761c49c04"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openchoreo/openchoreo/commit/93e6f10953cfc249af2222ddb6730d4b0a729129"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openchoreo/openchoreo/commit/e3da3c63dcf0895c693cb17ce142ef95e959b62a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openchoreo/openchoreo"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openchoreo/openchoreo/releases/tag/v1.0.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openchoreo/openchoreo/releases/tag/v1.1.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openchoreo/openchoreo/releases/tag/v1.2.0-rc.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "OpenChoreo: cluster-gateway internal proxy performs no caller authentication and is not read-only \u2014 data-plane Secret disclosure and arbitrary Kubernetes mutation"
}
GHSA-RH6C-C6QM-XQ64
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-30 12:31 – Updated: 2026-06-30 12:31Hospital Queuing Management developed by Advantech has a Sensitive Data Exposure vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to access a specific URL to obtain API documentation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-14162"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T12:16:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Hospital Queuing Management developed by Advantech has a Sensitive Data Exposure vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to access a specific URL to obtain API documentation.",
"id": "GHSA-rh6c-c6qm-xq64",
"modified": "2026-06-30T12:31:53Z",
"published": "2026-06-30T12:31:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-14162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-11012-63761-2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-11011-999eb-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHVR-8XQH-CMCX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-18 21:31 – Updated: 2026-08-18 21:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Identity Manager product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: OIM Legacy UI). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via T3, IIOP to compromise Oracle Identity Manager. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Identity Manager. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60722"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T21:16:40Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Identity Manager product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: OIM Legacy UI). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.1.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via T3, IIOP to compromise Oracle Identity Manager. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Identity Manager. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-rhvr-8xqh-cmcx",
"modified": "2026-08-18T21:31:58Z",
"published": "2026-08-18T21:31:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60722"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspuaug2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJ66-HJXF-452X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-17 21:30 – Updated: 2025-12-18 21:31A configuration issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in visionOS 26.2, iOS 26.2 and iPadOS 26.2, macOS Tahoe 26.2. Photos in the Hidden Photos Album may be viewed without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43428"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-17T21:16:01Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A configuration issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in visionOS 26.2, iOS 26.2 and iPadOS 26.2, macOS Tahoe 26.2. Photos in the Hidden Photos Album may be viewed without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-rj66-hjxf-452x",
"modified": "2025-12-18T21:31:36Z",
"published": "2025-12-17T21:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43428"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125884"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125886"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125891"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJ6P-2FCM-M72J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:23 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:23Contec Smart Home 4.15 devices do not require authentication for new_user.php, edit_user.php, delete_user.php, and user.php, as demonstrated by changing the admin password and then obtaining control over doors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-9162"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-31T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Contec Smart Home 4.15 devices do not require authentication for new_user.php, edit_user.php, delete_user.php, and user.php, as demonstrated by changing the admin password and then obtaining control over doors.",
"id": "GHSA-rj6p-2fcm-m72j",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:23:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:23:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44295"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJ7F-MCVJ-V87G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-07-26 00:01Tad Book3 editing book page does not perform identity verification. Remote attackers can use the vulnerability to view and modify arbitrary content of books without permission.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-41974"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-306",
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-08T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tad Book3 editing book page does not perform identity verification. Remote attackers can use the vulnerability to view and modify arbitrary content of books without permission.",
"id": "GHSA-rj7f-mcvj-v87g",
"modified": "2022-07-26T00:01:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:17:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-5173-e21ba-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJ89-W4P6-78WV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-03 21:31A specific administrative endpoint is accessible without proper authentication, exposing device management functions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32646"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-03T21:17:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A specific administrative endpoint is accessible without proper authentication, exposing device management functions.",
"id": "GHSA-rj89-w4p6-78wv",
"modified": "2026-04-03T21:31:43Z",
"published": "2026-04-03T21:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32646"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-055-03.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mygardyn.com/security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-055-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJM2-8FMF-7H67
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-29 12:31 – Updated: 2026-09-29 21:33The /datasources/unauth-datasource endpoint does not properly enforce data source authorization. An authenticated user can invoke this endpoint to obtain information about data sources they are not authorized to access. This may expose data source configuration and other sensitive metadata, depending on the fields returned by the endpoint.
This issue affects Apache DolphinScheduler: before 3.4.3.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.4.3, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-66083"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-29T12:17:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The /datasources/unauth-datasource endpoint does not properly enforce data source authorization. An authenticated user can invoke this endpoint to obtain information about data sources they are not authorized to access. This may expose data source configuration and other sensitive metadata, depending on the fields returned by the endpoint.\n\n\n\nThis issue affects Apache DolphinScheduler: before 3.4.3.\n\n\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 3.4.3, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-rjm2-8fmf-7h67",
"modified": "2026-09-29T21:33:11Z",
"published": "2026-09-29T12:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-66083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/b6brfom0jmy9kdt40qrn6dq0x4v2wxdr"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/29/19"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.