CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
4625 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JGMC-4PX7-V2RP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:19 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:54A vulnerability in the API of Cisco Application Services Engine Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to update event policies on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient authentication of users who modify policies on an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious HTTP request to contact an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to update event policies on the affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-3333"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-03T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the API of Cisco Application Services Engine Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to update event policies on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient authentication of users who modify policies on an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious HTTP request to contact an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to update event policies on the affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-jgmc-4px7-v2rp",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:54:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:19:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3333"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-APIC-EPU-F8y5kUOP"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JGMV-VP3C-XPJ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-20 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in Vivek Tamrakar WP REST API FNS allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects WP REST API FNS: from n/a through 1.0.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49328"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-288",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-20T08:15:03Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in Vivek Tamrakar WP REST API FNS allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects WP REST API FNS: from n/a through 1.0.0.",
"id": "GHSA-jgmv-vp3c-xpj5",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:06Z",
"published": "2024-10-20T09:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49328"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/rest-api-fns/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-rest-api-fns-plugin-plugin-1-0-0-account-takeover-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/rest-api-fns/wordpress-wp-rest-api-fns-plugin-plugin-1-0-0-account-takeover-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JH2C-PMQ9-GGRC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:38 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:38Hughes high-performance broadband satellite modems, models HN7740S DW7000 HN7000S/SM, lacks authentication. An unauthenticated user may send an HTTP GET request to http://[ip]/com/gatewayreset or http://[ip]/cgi/reboot.bin to cause the modem to reboot.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-9496"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-13T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Hughes high-performance broadband satellite modems, models HN7740S DW7000 HN7000S/SM, lacks authentication. An unauthenticated user may send an HTTP GET request to http://[ip]/com/gatewayreset or http://[ip]/cgi/reboot.bin to cause the modem to reboot.",
"id": "GHSA-jh2c-pmq9-ggrc",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:38:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:38:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-9496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/614751"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96244"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JH5M-2PRJ-924W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-04 00:31 – Updated: 2026-09-04 00:31Missing authentication for critical function in Azure AI Language allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-70352"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-03T23:17:20Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Missing authentication for critical function in Azure AI Language allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-jh5m-2prj-924w",
"modified": "2026-09-04T00:31:07Z",
"published": "2026-09-04T00:31:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-70352"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-70352"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHC2-HV2X-FJ67
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-10 03:30 – Updated: 2025-06-10 03:30A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in code-projects Laundry System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /data/. The manipulation leads to missing authentication. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5906"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-10T01:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in code-projects Laundry System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /data/. The manipulation leads to missing authentication. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-jhc2-hv2x-fj67",
"modified": "2025-06-10T03:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-06-10T03:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tuooo/CVE/issues/11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code-projects.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.311679"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.311679"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.592266"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHGX-W5F9-VRMH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-09 21:31 – Updated: 2025-10-09 21:31Newforma Info Exchange (NIX) accepts serialized .NET data via the '/remoteweb/remote.rem' endpoint, allowing a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code with 'NT AUTHORITY\NetworkService' privileges. The vulnerable endpoint is used by Newforma Project Center Server (NPCS), so a compromised NIX system can be used to attack an associated NPCS system. To mitigate this vulnerability, restrict network access to the '/remoteweb/remote.rem' endpoint, for example using the IIS URL Rewrite Module.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-35050"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-09T21:15:35Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Newforma Info Exchange (NIX) accepts serialized .NET data via the \u0027/remoteweb/remote.rem\u0027 endpoint, allowing a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code with \u0027NT AUTHORITY\\NetworkService\u0027 privileges. The vulnerable endpoint is used by Newforma Project Center Server (NPCS), so a compromised NIX system can be used to attack an associated NPCS system. To mitigate this vulnerability, restrict network access to the \u0027/remoteweb/remote.rem\u0027 endpoint, for example using the IIS URL Rewrite Module.",
"id": "GHSA-jhgx-w5f9-vrmh",
"modified": "2025-10-09T21:31:12Z",
"published": "2025-10-09T21:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-35050"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/iis/extensions/url-rewrite-module/using-the-url-rewrite-module"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://projectcenter.help.newforma.com/overviews/info_exchange_overview"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/IT/white/2025/va-25-282-01.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-35050"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHHM-W7F7-GVP5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-19 18:32 – Updated: 2026-05-20 15:35API endpoints in LalanaChami Pharmacy Management System (commit 5c3d028) lack authentication middleware. Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this to dump all user records (including bcrypt password hashes) via /api/user/getUserData, modify drug inventory, and access private medical prescription data via /api/doctorOder.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31071"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-19T16:16:20Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "API endpoints in LalanaChami Pharmacy Management System (commit 5c3d028) lack authentication middleware. Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this to dump all user records (including bcrypt password hashes) via /api/user/getUserData, modify drug inventory, and access private medical prescription data via /api/doctorOder.",
"id": "GHSA-jhhm-w7f7-gvp5",
"modified": "2026-05-20T15:35:23Z",
"published": "2026-05-19T18:32:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/nedlir/bc8ad4693c53256819280e8f5de49286"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LalanaChami/Pharmacy-Mangment-System/tree/5c3d02888631166649856f71d542387114b3010b/backend/routes"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHQV-WM6M-MVJ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-12 15:31 – Updated: 2026-09-14 21:31WWBN AVideo at commit c3edcc274c389816d434acadac07ee78eaf330c1 and earlier, with the Live plugin enabled, contains a missing authentication vulnerability in plugin/Live/socketMessageLiveOwner.json.php. The script reads the key and msg parameters from $_REQUEST, resolves the stream owner via LiveTransmition::keyExists, and verifies that the stream owner (not the caller) is an administrator; it performs no User::isLogged() check and enforces no CSRF token. As a result, an unauthenticated remote attacker who knows an administrator's Live stream key can call sendSocketSuccessMessageToUsers_id and deliver arbitrary in-app/socket notification messages to that administrator. The issue was unpatched at the time of publication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-90543"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-12T13:16:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "WWBN AVideo at commit c3edcc274c389816d434acadac07ee78eaf330c1 and earlier, with the Live plugin enabled, contains a missing authentication vulnerability in plugin/Live/socketMessageLiveOwner.json.php. The script reads the `key` and `msg` parameters from $_REQUEST, resolves the stream owner via LiveTransmition::keyExists, and verifies that the stream owner (not the caller) is an administrator; it performs no User::isLogged() check and enforces no CSRF token. As a result, an unauthenticated remote attacker who knows an administrator\u0027s Live stream key can call sendSocketSuccessMessageToUsers_id and deliver arbitrary in-app/socket notification messages to that administrator. The issue was unpatched at the time of publication.",
"id": "GHSA-jhqv-wm6m-mvj2",
"modified": "2026-09-14T21:31:30Z",
"published": "2026-09-12T15:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/security/advisories/GHSA-vr35-39vf-9qp9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/security/advisories/GHSA-wcg2-x62c-m28x"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-90543"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/wwbn-avideo-missing-authentication-via-socketmessageliveowner-json-php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JHV2-RWMC-CJH9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36The Software AG Terracotta Server OSS Docker image 5.4.1 contains a blank password for the root user. Systems deployed using affected versions of the Terracotta Server OSS container may allow a remote attacker to achieve root access with a blank password.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-35469"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-16T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Software AG Terracotta Server OSS Docker image 5.4.1 contains a blank password for the root user. Systems deployed using affected versions of the Terracotta Server OSS container may allow a remote attacker to achieve root access with a blank password.",
"id": "GHSA-jhv2-rwmc-cjh9",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-35469"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/donghyunlee00/CVE/blob/main/CVE-2020-35469"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JHV5-73FW-76G2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-16 21:32 – Updated: 2026-09-16 21:32UVdesk Community Skeleton through 1.1.8 fails to authenticate or validate installation state on wizard endpoints in ConfigureHelpdesk controller actions. Unauthenticated attackers can repoint the database and create super administrator accounts by submitting crafted requests to wizard endpoints, gaining full control of the instance.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-92805"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-16T21:17:30Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "UVdesk Community Skeleton through 1.1.8 fails to authenticate or validate installation state on wizard endpoints in ConfigureHelpdesk controller actions. Unauthenticated attackers can repoint the database and create super administrator accounts by submitting crafted requests to wizard endpoints, gaining full control of the instance.",
"id": "GHSA-jhv5-73fw-76g2",
"modified": "2026-09-16T21:32:56Z",
"published": "2026-09-16T21:32:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-92805"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uvdesk/community-skeleton/issues/926"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uvdesk/community-skeleton"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uvdesk/community-skeleton/blob/6f35040/src/Resources/config/routes.yaml#L1-L35"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/uvdesk-community-skeleton-through-1.1.8-missing-authentication-on-the-installation-wizard"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.