CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
6877 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3393-R4P5-VHQH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:44 – Updated: 2024-04-24 20:58Gitea before 1.8.0 allows 1FA for user accounts that have completed 2FA enrollment. If a user's credentials are known, then an attacker could send them to the API without requiring the 2FA one-time password.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "code.gitea.io/gitea"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.8.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-11576"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-24T20:58:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-28T02:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Gitea before 1.8.0 allows 1FA for user accounts that have completed 2FA enrollment. If a user\u0027s credentials are known, then an attacker could send them to the API without requiring the 2FA one-time password.",
"id": "GHSA-3393-r4p5-vhqh",
"modified": "2024-04-24T20:58:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:44:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11576"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/6674"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/6676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.gitea.io/2019/04/gitea-1.8.0-is-released"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Gitea Allows 1FA Even for 2FA-Enrolled Accounts"
}
GHSA-33CG-9R8G-HQM4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-16 09:32 – Updated: 2026-07-16 18:31The Happy Coders OTP Login for WooCommerce WordPress plugin before 2.8 does not verify that a one-time password was actually validated before authenticating a user based on a supplied identifier, allowing unauthenticated attackers to log in as any existing user, including administrators, as well as to create new accounts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-12492"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-16T07:16:46Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Happy Coders OTP Login for WooCommerce WordPress plugin before 2.8 does not verify that a one-time password was actually validated before authenticating a user based on a supplied identifier, allowing unauthenticated attackers to log in as any existing user, including administrators, as well as to create new accounts.",
"id": "GHSA-33cg-9r8g-hqm4",
"modified": "2026-07-16T18:31:29Z",
"published": "2026-07-16T09:32:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12492"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/56fdcba6-c7b1-443d-9f9d-b738ecaadabc"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-33F9-8MMR-X938
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01Insufficient policy enforcement in File System API in Google Chrome prior to 88.0.4324.96 allowed a remote attacker to bypass filesystem restrictions via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21130"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-09T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficient policy enforcement in File System API in Google Chrome prior to 88.0.4324.96 allowed a remote attacker to bypass filesystem restrictions via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-33f9-8mmr-x938",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21130"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/01/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_19.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1140410"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-21130"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-33QG-7WPP-89CQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 00:15 – Updated: 2026-05-13 16:21Rack::Session::Cookie incorrectly handles decryption failures when configured with secrets:. If cookie decryption fails, the implementation falls back to a default decoder instead of rejecting the cookie. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to supply a crafted session cookie that is accepted as valid session data without knowledge of any configured secret.
Because this mechanism is used to load session state, an attacker can manipulate session contents and potentially gain unauthorized access.
Details
When secrets: is configured, Rack::Session::Cookie attempts to decrypt incoming session cookies using one of the configured encryptors. If all decrypt attempts fail, the implementation does not reject the cookie. Instead, it falls back to decoding the cookie using a default coder.
This fallback path processes attacker-controlled cookie data as trusted session state. The behavior is implicit and occurs even when encrypted cookies are expected.
The fallback decoder is applied automatically and does not require the application to opt into a non-encrypted session format. As a result, a client can send a specially crafted cookie value that bypasses the intended integrity protections provided by secrets:.
This issue affects both default configurations and those using alternative serializers for encrypted payloads.
Impact
Any Rack application using Rack::Session::Cookie with secrets: may be affected.
[!NOTE] Rails applications are typically not affected — Rails uses
ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore, which is a separate implementation backed byActiveSupport::MessageEncryptorand does not share the vulnerable code path.
An unauthenticated attacker can supply a crafted session cookie that is accepted as valid session data. This can lead to authentication bypass or privilege escalation in applications that rely on session values for identity or authorization decisions.
Depending on application behavior and available runtime components, processing of untrusted session data may also expose additional risks.
Mitigation
- Update to a patched version of
rack-sessionthat rejects cookies when decryption fails under thesecrets:configuration. - After updating, rotate session secrets to invalidate existing session cookies, since attacker-supplied session data may have been accepted and re-issued prior to the fix.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "rack-session"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-39324"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-345",
"CWE-502",
"CWE-565"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-08T00:15:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-07T18:16:43Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "`Rack::Session::Cookie` incorrectly handles decryption failures when configured with `secrets:`. If cookie decryption fails, the implementation falls back to a default decoder instead of rejecting the cookie. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to supply a crafted session cookie that is accepted as valid session data without knowledge of any configured secret.\n\nBecause this mechanism is used to load session state, an attacker can manipulate session contents and potentially gain unauthorized access.\n\n## Details\n\nWhen `secrets:` is configured, `Rack::Session::Cookie` attempts to decrypt incoming session cookies using one of the configured encryptors. If all decrypt attempts fail, the implementation does not reject the cookie. Instead, it falls back to decoding the cookie using a default coder.\n\nThis fallback path processes attacker-controlled cookie data as trusted session state. The behavior is implicit and occurs even when encrypted cookies are expected.\n\nThe fallback decoder is applied automatically and does not require the application to opt into a non-encrypted session format. As a result, a client can send a specially crafted cookie value that bypasses the intended integrity protections provided by `secrets:`.\n\nThis issue affects both default configurations and those using alternative serializers for encrypted payloads.\n\n## Impact\n\nAny Rack application using `Rack::Session::Cookie` with `secrets:` may be affected.\n\n\u003e [!NOTE]\n\u003e Rails applications are typically not affected \u2014 Rails uses `ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore`, which is a separate implementation backed by `ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor` and does not share the vulnerable code path.\n\nAn unauthenticated attacker can supply a crafted session cookie that is accepted as valid session data. This can lead to authentication bypass or privilege escalation in applications that rely on session values for identity or authorization decisions.\n\nDepending on application behavior and available runtime components, processing of untrusted session data may also expose additional risks.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n* Update to a patched version of`rack-session` that rejects cookies when decryption fails under the `secrets:` configuration.\n * After updating, rotate session secrets to invalidate existing session cookies, since attacker-supplied session data may have been accepted and re-issued prior to the fix.",
"id": "GHSA-33qg-7wpp-89cq",
"modified": "2026-05-13T16:21:11Z",
"published": "2026-04-08T00:15:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack-session/security/advisories/GHSA-33qg-7wpp-89cq"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39324"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack-session"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack-session/CVE-2026-39324.yml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Rack::Session::Cookie secrets: decrypt failure fallback enables secretless session forgery and Marshal deserialization"
}
GHSA-33QH-FJ99-2GVG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-15 12:30 – Updated: 2024-03-15 12:30Mattermost versions 8.1.x before 8.1.10, 9.2.x before 9.2.6, 9.3.x before 9.3.2, and 9.4.x before 9.4.3 fail to correctly verify account ownership when switching from email to SAML authentication, allowing an authenticated attacker to take over other user accounts via a crafted switch request under specific conditions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2450"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-15T10:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Mattermost versions 8.1.x before 8.1.10, 9.2.x before 9.2.6, 9.3.x before 9.3.2, and 9.4.x before 9.4.3 fail to correctly verify account ownership when switching from email to SAML authentication, allowing an authenticated attacker to take over other user accounts via a crafted switch request under specific conditions.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-33qh-fj99-2gvg",
"modified": "2024-03-15T12:30:37Z",
"published": "2024-03-15T12:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2450"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-33VG-HPX5-PFXG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-05 00:29 – Updated: 2023-01-26 23:53RubyGem omniauth-facebook has an access token security vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "omniauth-facebook"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-4593"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-26T23:53:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-12-11T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "RubyGem omniauth-facebook has an access token security vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-33vg-hpx5-pfxg",
"modified": "2023-01-26T23:53:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-05T00:29:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-4593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/simi/omniauth-facebook/commit/115c0a768cd6f4b9bfae8900f8e3fc4fbeec3ad8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/89040"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/simi/omniauth-facebook"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2013-4593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2013/11/18/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "omniauth-facebook Improper Authentication vulnerability"
}
GHSA-33W6-9GM9-5RJ4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-02 06:30 – Updated: 2026-02-02 06:30A vulnerability was found in EFM ipTIME A8004T 14.18.2. This impacts the function httpcon_check_session_url of the file /cgi/timepro.cgi of the component Hidden Hiddenloginsetup Interface. The manipulation results in improper authentication. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1740"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-02T04:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in EFM ipTIME A8004T 14.18.2. This impacts the function httpcon_check_session_url of the file /cgi/timepro.cgi of the component Hidden Hiddenloginsetup Interface. The manipulation results in improper authentication. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-33w6-9gm9-5rj4",
"modified": "2026-02-02T06:30:51Z",
"published": "2026-02-02T06:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1740"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LX-LX88/cve/issues/27"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.343639"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.343639"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.741422"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-33WG-WPQ3-MX7X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:35 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:35A vulnerability in Cisco Prime Collaboration Provisioning (PCP) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to access the Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) system. The vulnerability is due to an open port in the Network Interface and Configuration Engine (NICE) service. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by accessing the open RMI system on an affected PCP instance. An exploit could allow the attacker to perform malicious actions that affect PCP and the devices that are connected to it. This vulnerability affects Cisco Prime Collaboration Provisioning (PCP) Releases 11.6 and prior. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvd61746.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0321"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-07T12:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in Cisco Prime Collaboration Provisioning (PCP) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to access the Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) system. The vulnerability is due to an open port in the Network Interface and Configuration Engine (NICE) service. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by accessing the open RMI system on an affected PCP instance. An exploit could allow the attacker to perform malicious actions that affect PCP and the devices that are connected to it. This vulnerability affects Cisco Prime Collaboration Provisioning (PCP) Releases 11.6 and prior. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvd61746.",
"id": "GHSA-33wg-wpq3-mx7x",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:35:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:35:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0321"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180606-prime-rmi"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104409"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041085"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3483-6GRV-X2WH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:49 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:31The SASL authentication functionality in 389 Directory Server before 1.2.11.26 allows remote authenticated users to connect as an arbitrary user and gain privileges via the authzid parameter in a SASL/GSSAPI bind.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-0132"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-03-18T17:02:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The SASL authentication functionality in 389 Directory Server before 1.2.11.26 allows remote authenticated users to connect as an arbitrary user and gain privileges via the authzid parameter in a SASL/GSSAPI bind.",
"id": "GHSA-3483-6grv-x2wh",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:31:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:49:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-0132"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014:0292"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2014-0132"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1074845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fedorahosted.org/389/changeset/76acff12a86110d4165f94e2cba13ef5c7ebc38a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fedorahosted.org/389/ticket/47739"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-0292.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/57412"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/57427"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-348G-3F7X-JVGJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:25 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:25Schneider Electric Modicon Quantum PLC does not perform authentication between the Unity software and PLC, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-0931"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-01-28T01:55:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Schneider Electric Modicon Quantum PLC does not perform authentication between the Unity software and PLC, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-348g-3f7x-jvgj",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:25:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:25:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0931"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/72586"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-12-020-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/47723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/51605"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/control_systems/pdf/ICS-ALERT-12-020-03.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.