Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-285
DiscouragedImproper Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
2761 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-61781 (GCVE-0-2025-61781)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-05 17:53 – Updated: 2026-01-05 19:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GraphQL IDOR allows authenticated user to delete workspace content of other users
Summary
OpenCTI is an open source platform for managing cyber threat intelligence knowledge and observables. Prior to version 6.8.1, the GraphQL mutation "WorkspacePopoverDeletionMutation" allows users to delete workspace-related objects such as dashboards and investigation cases. However, the mutation lacks proper authorization checks to verify ownership of the targeted resources.
An attacker can exploit this by supplying an active UUID of another user. Since the API does not validate whether the requester owns the resource, the mutation executes successfully, resulting in unauthorized deletion of the entire workspace. Version 6.8.1 fixes the issue.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-05 19:13 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/OpenCTI-Platform/opencti/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenCTI-Platform | opencti |
Affected:
< 6.8.1
|
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CVE-2025-59271 (GCVE-0-2025-59271)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-09 21:04 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:47 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Redis Enterprise Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Redis Enterprise Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-22 03:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Azure Cache for Redis Enterprise |
Affected:
-
|
|
| Microsoft | Azure Managed Redis |
Affected:
-
|
Date Public
2025-10-09 14:00
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CVE-2025-59100 (GCVE-0-2025-59100)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-26 10:05 – Updated: 2026-01-26 16:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unauthenticated Access to the SQLite Database in dormakaba access manager
Summary
The web interface offers a functionality to export the internal SQLite database. After executing the database export, an automatic download is started and the device reboots. After rebooting, the exported database is deleted and cannot be accessed anymore. However, it was noticed that sometimes the device does not reboot and therefore the exported database is not deleted, or the device reboots and the export is not deleted for unknown reasons. The path where the database export is located can be accessed without prior authentication. This leads to the fact that an attacker might be able to get access to the exported database without prior authentication.
The database includes sensitive data like passwords, card pins, encrypted Mifare sitekeys and much more.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-26 16:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://r.sec-consult.com/dormakaba | technical-description |
| https://r.sec-consult.com/dkaccess | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.dormakabagroup.com/en/security-advisories | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| dormakaba | Access Manager 92xx-k5 |
Affected:
92xx-K5: <XAMB 04.06.212
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CVE-2025-58156 (GCVE-0-2025-58156)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-29 21:40 – Updated: 2025-09-02 19:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Centurion ERP users can view hashed authentication tokens that belong to other users
Summary
Centurion ERP is an ERP with a focus on ITSM and automation. In versions starting from 1.12.0 to before 1.21.0, an authenticated user can view all authentication token details within the database. This includes the actual token, although only the hashed token. This does not include any un-hashed authentication token as viewable. This issue has been patched in version 1.21.0. A workaround for this is not deemed viable as it would involve disabling token authentication. Users are encouraged to remove any authentication token that was created by one of the effected versions of Centurion ERP. Webmasters can ensure this occurs by removing all authentication tokens from the database.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-02 19:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nofusscomputing/centurion_erp/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nofusscomputing/centurion_erp/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nofusscomputing/centurion_erp/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nofusscomputing | centurion_erp |
Affected:
>= 1.12.0, < 1.21.0
|
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CVE-2025-55675 (GCVE-0-2025-55675)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-14 13:18 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Superset: Incorrect datasource authorization on REST API
Summary
Apache Superset contains an improper access control vulnerability in its /explore endpoint. A missing authorization check allows an authenticated user to discover metadata about datasources they do not have permission to access. By iterating through the datasource_id in the URL, an attacker can enumerate and confirm the existence and names of protected datasources, leading to sensitive information disclosure.
This issue affects Apache Superset: before 5.0.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 5.0.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-14 13:47 UTC
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Superset |
Affected:
0 , < 5.0.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2025-54868 (GCVE-0-2025-54868)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-05 04:53 – Updated: 2025-08-05 16:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LibreChat exposes arbitrary chats through Meilisearch engine
Summary
LibreChat is a ChatGPT clone with additional features. In versions 0.0.6 through 0.7.7-rc1, an exposed testing endpoint allows reading arbitrary chats directly from the Meilisearch engine. The endpoint /api/search/test allows for direct access to stored chats in the Meilisearch engine without proper access control. This results in the ability to read chats from arbitrary users. This issue is fixed in version 0.7.7.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-05 16:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/danny-avila/LibreChat/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/danny-avila/LibreChat/commit/0… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| danny-avila | LibreChat |
Affected:
>= 0.0.6, < 0.7.7
|
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CVE-2025-54822 (GCVE-0-2025-54822)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-14 15:23 – Updated: 2026-01-14 09:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An improper authorization vulnerability [CWE-285] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.1, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.8, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.11, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions, FortiProxy 2.0 all versions allows an authenticated attacker to access static files of others VDOMs via crafted HTTP or HTTPS requests.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-14 16:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper access control
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fortinet | FortiProxy |
Affected:
7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.8
(semver)
Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.15 (semver) Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.22 (semver) Affected: 2.0.0 , ≤ 2.0.14 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.22:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.21:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Fortinet | FortiOS |
Affected:
7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.1
(semver)
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CVE-2025-54787 (GCVE-0-2025-54787)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-07 21:15 – Updated: 2025-08-08 15:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SuiteCRM: Improper Authorization for attachment downloads
Summary
SuiteCRM is an open-source, enterprise-ready Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software application. There is a vulnerability in SuiteCRM version 7.14.6 which allows unauthenticated downloads of any file from the upload-directory, as long as it is named by an ID (e.g. attachments). An unauthenticated attacker could download internal files when he discovers a valid file-ID.
Valid IDs could be brute-forced, but this is quite time-consuming as the file-IDs are usually UUIDs. This issue is fixed in version 7.14.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-08 15:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/SuiteCRM/SuiteCRM/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://docs.suitecrm.com/admin/releases/7.14.x/#… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-54585 (GCVE-0-2025-54585)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-30 20:17 – Updated: 2025-07-30 20:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GitProxy is vulnerable to a new branch approval exploit
Summary
GitProxy is an application that stands between developers and a Git remote endpoint. In versions 1.19.1 and below, attackers can exploit the way GitProxy handles new branch creation to bypass the approval of prior commits on the parent branch. The vulnerability impacts all users or organizations relying on GitProxy to enforce policy and prevent unapproved changes. It requires no elevated privileges beyond regular push access, and no extra user interaction. It does however, require a GitProxy administrator or designated user (canUserApproveRejectPush) to approve pushes to the child branch. This is fixed in version 1.19.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-30 20:30 UTC
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/finos/git-proxy/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/finos/git-proxy/commit/a620a2f… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/finos/git-proxy/commit/f99fe42… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/finos/git-proxy/releases/tag/v1.19.2 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-54378 (GCVE-0-2025-54378)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-26 03:27 – Updated: 2025-07-28 19:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HAX CMS Backend Lacks Comprehensive Authorization Checks
Summary
HAX CMS allows you to manage your microsite universe with PHP or NodeJs backends. In versions 11.0.13 and below of haxcms-nodejs and versions 11.0.8 and below of haxcms-php, API endpoints do not perform authorization checks when interacting with a resource. Both the JS and PHP versions of the CMS do not verify that a user has permission to interact with a resource before performing a given operation. The API endpoints within the HAX CMS application check if a user is authenticated, but don't check for authorization before performing an operation. This is fixed in versions 11.0.14 of haxcms-nodejs and 11.0.9 of haxcms-php.
Severity
8.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-28 19:01 UTC
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/haxtheweb/issues/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/haxtheweb/haxcms-nodejs/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/haxtheweb/haxcms-php/commit/24… | x_refsource_MISC |
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-285",
"description": "CWE-285: Improper Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-862",
"description": "CWE-862: Missing Authorization",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-07-26T03:27:34.305Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/haxtheweb/issues/security/advisories/GHSA-9jr9-8ff3-m894",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/haxtheweb/issues/security/advisories/GHSA-9jr9-8ff3-m894"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/haxtheweb/haxcms-nodejs/commit/5826e9b7f3d8c7c7635411768b86b199fad36969",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/haxtheweb/haxcms-nodejs/commit/5826e9b7f3d8c7c7635411768b86b199fad36969"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/haxtheweb/haxcms-php/commit/24d30222481ada037597c4d7c0a51a1ef7af6cfd",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/haxtheweb/haxcms-php/commit/24d30222481ada037597c4d7c0a51a1ef7af6cfd"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-9jr9-8ff3-m894",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "HAX CMS Backend Lacks Comprehensive Authorization Checks"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-54378",
"datePublished": "2025-07-26T03:27:34.305Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-07-21T16:12:20.733Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-07-28T19:01:27.428Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor.
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Installation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values
The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.
CAPEC-402: Bypassing ATA Password Security
An adversary exploits a weakness in ATA security on a drive to gain access to the information the drive contains without supplying the proper credentials. ATA Security is often employed to protect hard disk information from unauthorized access. The mechanism requires the user to type in a password before the BIOS is allowed access to drive contents. Some implementations of ATA security will accept the ATA command to update the password without the user having authenticated with the BIOS. This occurs because the security mechanism assumes the user has first authenticated via the BIOS prior to sending commands to the drive. Various methods exist for exploiting this flaw, the most common being installing the ATA protected drive into a system lacking ATA security features (a.k.a. hot swapping). Once the drive is installed into the new system the BIOS can be used to reset the drive password.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-5: Blue Boxing
This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
{'xhtml:b': 'This attack pattern is included in CAPEC for historical purposes.'}
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-647: Collect Data from Registries
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization to gather system-specific data and sensitive information within a registry (e.g., Windows Registry, Mac plist). These contain information about the system configuration, software, operating system, and security. The adversary can leverage information gathered in order to carry out further attacks.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.