CWE-285
DiscouragedImproper Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
2758 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QXF7-G44V-FGWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-18 12:31 – Updated: 2026-08-18 12:31A flaw was found in the group policy provider of Keycloak authorization services, which is used to manage fine-grained access control to resources. The issue occurs when the system evaluates group-based policies using tokens that only contain group names rather than full paths. If two groups in different parts of the organization share the same name, a user in the unauthorized group can be mistaken for a member of the authorized group. This can allow a user to gain unauthorized access to protected resources they should not be able to reach.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-19608"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T11:16:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the group policy provider of Keycloak authorization services, which is used to manage fine-grained access control to resources. The issue occurs when the system evaluates group-based policies using tokens that only contain group names rather than full paths. If two groups in different parts of the organization share the same name, a user in the unauthorized group can be mistaken for a member of the authorized group. This can allow a user to gain unauthorized access to protected resources they should not be able to reach.",
"id": "GHSA-qxf7-g44v-fgwh",
"modified": "2026-08-18T12:31:20Z",
"published": "2026-08-18T12:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-19608"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-19608"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2514530"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QXMX-5J2W-4WJC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-02 18:31 – Updated: 2026-10-02 18:31MISP contains an authorization bypass in the related events listing functionality. When a user requests the list of events correlated to a given event, the system retrieved related event metadata directly from the correlation table without re-validating the caller's access rights against each related event.
The correlation table stores a snapshot of the event's distribution level and sharing group at the time the correlation was created, and does not carry the published flag. As a result, events that the caller is not permitted to open—because they are unpublished, or because their distribution or sharing group has changed since the correlation was recorded—were still returned with their metadata (title, date, correlating value counts).
Preconditions:
-
An authenticated user with access to at least one event in MISP.
-
The existence of correlation entries linking that event to other events the user should not be able to view.
Impact:
-
Unauthorized disclosure of event metadata (titles, dates, correlation counts) for events the user has no right to access.
-
Potential reconnaissance of threat-intelligence event names and timelines across sharing groups.
Affected: MISP versions prior to the fix commit (2ffa97f05).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-104910"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-02T16:16:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "MISP contains an authorization bypass in the related events listing functionality. When a user requests the list of events correlated to a given event, the system retrieved related event metadata directly from the correlation table without re-validating the caller\u0027s access rights against each related event.\n\nThe correlation table stores a snapshot of the event\u0027s distribution level and sharing group at the time the correlation was created, and does not carry the published flag. As a result, events that the caller is not permitted to open\u2014because they are unpublished, or because their distribution or sharing group has changed since the correlation was recorded\u2014were still returned with their metadata (title, date, correlating value counts).\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- An authenticated user with access to at least one event in MISP.\n\n- The existence of correlation entries linking that event to other events the user should not be able to view.\n\nImpact:\n\n- Unauthorized disclosure of event metadata (titles, dates, correlation counts) for events the user has no right to access.\n\n- Potential reconnaissance of threat-intelligence event names and timelines across sharing groups.\n\nAffected: MISP versions prior to the fix commit (2ffa97f05).",
"id": "GHSA-qxmx-5j2w-4wjc",
"modified": "2026-10-02T18:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-10-02T18:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-104910"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/2ffa97f05"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QXQC-27PR-WGC8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-22 16:39 – Updated: 2024-11-18 16:27Summary
Several API endpoints can be accessed by users without correct authentication/authorization.
The main API endpoints affected by this:
/api/v3/crypto/certificatekeypairs/<uuid>/view_certificate//api/v3/crypto/certificatekeypairs/<uuid>/view_private_key//api/v3/.../used_by/
Note that all of the affected API endpoints require the knowledge of the ID of an object, which especially for certificates is not accessible to an unprivileged user. Additionally the IDs for most objects are UUIDv4, meaning they are not easily guessable/enumerable.
Patches
authentik 2024.4.4, 2024.6.4 and 2024.8.0 fix this issue.
Workarounds
Access to the API endpoints can be blocked at a Reverse-proxy/Load balancer level to prevent this issue from being exploited.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
- Email us at security@goauthentik.io
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "goauthentik.io"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2024.6.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "2024.6.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "goauthentik.io"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2024.4.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42490"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-22T16:39:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-22T16:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nSeveral API endpoints can be accessed by users without correct authentication/authorization.\n\nThe main API endpoints affected by this:\n\n- `/api/v3/crypto/certificatekeypairs/\u003cuuid\u003e/view_certificate/`\n- `/api/v3/crypto/certificatekeypairs/\u003cuuid\u003e/view_private_key/`\n- `/api/v3/.../used_by/`\n\nNote that all of the affected API endpoints require the knowledge of the ID of an object, which especially for certificates is not accessible to an unprivileged user. Additionally the IDs for most objects are UUIDv4, meaning they are not easily guessable/enumerable.\n\n### Patches\n\nauthentik 2024.4.4, 2024.6.4 and 2024.8.0 fix this issue.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nAccess to the API endpoints can be blocked at a Reverse-proxy/Load balancer level to prevent this issue from being exploited.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n- Email us at [security@goauthentik.io](mailto:security@goauthentik.io)\n",
"id": "GHSA-qxqc-27pr-wgc8",
"modified": "2024-11-18T16:27:06Z",
"published": "2024-08-22T16:39:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/security/advisories/GHSA-qxqc-27pr-wgc8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42490"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/commit/19318d4c00bb02c4ec3c4f8f15ac2e1dbe8d846c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/commit/359b343f51524342a5ca03828e7c975a1d654b11"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:H/SC:H/SI:N/SA:H",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "GoAuthentik vulnerable to Insufficient Authorization for several API endpoints"
}
GHSA-QXQF-752W-278R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-18 00:32 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:31An Improper Authorization vulnerability in the 'sysmanctl' shell command of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows a local, authenticated attacker to execute administrative commands that could impact the integrity of the system or system availability. Administrative functions such as daemon restarting, routing engine (RE) switchover, and node shutdown can all be performed through exploitation of the 'sysmanctl' command. Access to the 'sysmanctl' command is only available from the Junos shell. Neither direct nor indirect access to 'sysmanctl' is available from the Junos CLI. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved: All versions prior to 20.4R3-S5-EVO; 21.2 versions prior to 21.2R3-EVO; 21.3 versions prior to 21.3R2-EVO; 21.4 versions prior to 21.4R1-S2-EVO, 21.4R2-EVO.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28973"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-17T22:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An Improper Authorization vulnerability in the \u0027sysmanctl\u0027 shell command of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved allows a local, authenticated attacker to execute administrative commands that could impact the integrity of the system or system availability. Administrative functions such as daemon restarting, routing engine (RE) switchover, and node shutdown can all be performed through exploitation of the \u0027sysmanctl\u0027 command. Access to the \u0027sysmanctl\u0027 command is only available from the Junos shell. Neither direct nor indirect access to \u0027sysmanctl\u0027 is available from the Junos CLI. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved: All versions prior to 20.4R3-S5-EVO; 21.2 versions prior to 21.2R3-EVO; 21.3 versions prior to 21.3R2-EVO; 21.4 versions prior to 21.4R1-S2-EVO, 21.4R2-EVO.",
"id": "GHSA-qxqf-752w-278r",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:31:34Z",
"published": "2023-04-18T00:32:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28973"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA70597"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QXVQ-6PWW-3W8Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-06 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:34The Quiz and Survey Master (QSM) – Easy Quiz and Survey Maker plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the qsm_dashboard_delete_result function in all versions up to, and including, 10.3.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete quiz results.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-9294"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-06T09:15:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Quiz and Survey Master (QSM) \u2013 Easy Quiz and Survey Maker plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing capability check on the qsm_dashboard_delete_result function in all versions up to, and including, 10.3.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to delete quiz results.",
"id": "GHSA-qxvq-6pww-3w8q",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:34:01Z",
"published": "2026-01-06T09:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/quiz-master-next/tags/10.2.6/php/admin/options-page-questions-tab.php#L1116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.cleantalk.org/cve-2025-9294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/55895508-d0ef-4855-8d15-b8a45ba0dcb2?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R2MM-9GJ3-RPM5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-21 06:30 – Updated: 2026-03-21 06:30The UiPress lite | Effortless custom dashboards, admin themes and pages plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the 'uip_save_global_settings' function in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.09. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to change arbitrary plugin settings.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2294"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-21T04:16:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The UiPress lite | Effortless custom dashboards, admin themes and pages plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027uip_save_global_settings\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.09. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to change arbitrary plugin settings.",
"id": "GHSA-r2mm-9gj3-rpm5",
"modified": "2026-03-21T06:30:24Z",
"published": "2026-03-21T06:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/uipress-lite/tags/3.5.09/admin/core/uiBuilder.php#L333"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5cc00331-4c4d-44c9-9068-bd7320f9d4a5?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R2VW-JGQ9-JQX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 15:54 – Updated: 2020-08-31 19:02Affected versions of @sap-cloud-sdk/core do not properly validate JWTs. The verifyJwt() function does not properly validate the URL from where the public verification key for the JWT can be downloaded. Any URL was trusted which makes it possible to provide a URL belonging to a manipulated JWT.
Recommendation
Upgrade to version 1.21.2 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@sap-cloud-sdk/core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.19.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.21.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T19:02:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Affected versions of `@sap-cloud-sdk/core` do not properly validate JWTs. The `verifyJwt()` function does not properly validate the URL from where the public verification key for the JWT can be downloaded. Any URL was trusted which makes it possible to provide a URL belonging to a manipulated JWT.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpgrade to version 1.21.2 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-r2vw-jgq9-jqx2",
"modified": "2020-08-31T19:02:48Z",
"published": "2020-09-03T15:54:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1540"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Improper Authorization in @sap-cloud-sdk/core"
}
GHSA-R3J2-7G54-8MXW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-09 21:30 – Updated: 2023-01-13 18:30A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in jvvlee MerlinsBoard. This affects an unknown part of the component Grade Handler. The manipulation leads to improper authorization. The name of the patch is 134f5481e2914b7f096cd92a22b1e6bcb8e6dfe5. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier VDB-217713 was assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-10033"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-09T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in jvvlee MerlinsBoard. This affects an unknown part of the component Grade Handler. The manipulation leads to improper authorization. The name of the patch is 134f5481e2914b7f096cd92a22b1e6bcb8e6dfe5. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier VDB-217713 was assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-r3j2-7g54-8mxw",
"modified": "2023-01-13T18:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-01-09T21:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-10033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jvvlee/MerlinsBoard/commit/134f5481e2914b7f096cd92a22b1e6bcb8e6dfe5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.217713"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.217713"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R3QP-RJMV-24XX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-07 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:38The Frontend File Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Privilege Escalation in versions up to, and including, 18.2. This is due to lacking mishandling the use of user IDs that is accessible by the visitor. This makes it possible for unauthenticated or authenticated attackers to access the information and privileges of other users, including 'guest users', in their own category (authenticated, or unauthenticated guests).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-4344"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-07T02:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Frontend File Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Privilege Escalation in versions up to, and including, 18.2. This is due to lacking mishandling the use of user IDs that is accessible by the visitor. This makes it possible for unauthenticated or authenticated attackers to access the information and privileges of other users, including \u0027guest users\u0027, in their own category (authenticated, or unauthenticated guests).",
"id": "GHSA-r3qp-rjmv-24xx",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:38:04Z",
"published": "2023-06-07T03:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/wordpress-frontend-file-manager-plugin-fixed-multiple-critical-vulnerabilities"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/28a7b2c9-5d8d-4b49-a47c-473e3288b563?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R3W6-P6HR-RWW6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-12 15:31 – Updated: 2024-06-12 15:31Dell OS10 Networking Switches, versions10.5.6.x, 10.5.5.x, 10.5.4.x and 10.5.3.x ,contain an improper authorization vulnerability. A remote authenticated attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability leading to escalation of privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25949"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-12T13:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell OS10 Networking Switches, versions10.5.6.x, 10.5.5.x, 10.5.4.x and 10.5.3.x ,contain an improper authorization vulnerability. A remote authenticated attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability leading to escalation of privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-r3w6-p6hr-rww6",
"modified": "2024-06-12T15:31:44Z",
"published": "2024-06-12T15:31:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000225922/dsa-2024-087-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor.
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values
The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.
CAPEC-402: Bypassing ATA Password Security
An adversary exploits a weakness in ATA security on a drive to gain access to the information the drive contains without supplying the proper credentials. ATA Security is often employed to protect hard disk information from unauthorized access. The mechanism requires the user to type in a password before the BIOS is allowed access to drive contents. Some implementations of ATA security will accept the ATA command to update the password without the user having authenticated with the BIOS. This occurs because the security mechanism assumes the user has first authenticated via the BIOS prior to sending commands to the drive. Various methods exist for exploiting this flaw, the most common being installing the ATA protected drive into a system lacking ATA security features (a.k.a. hot swapping). Once the drive is installed into the new system the BIOS can be used to reset the drive password.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-5: Blue Boxing
This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
{'xhtml:b': 'This attack pattern is included in CAPEC for historical purposes.'}
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-647: Collect Data from Registries
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization to gather system-specific data and sensitive information within a registry (e.g., Windows Registry, Mac plist). These contain information about the system configuration, software, operating system, and security. The adversary can leverage information gathered in order to carry out further attacks.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.