CWE-203
AllowedObservable Discrepancy
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product behaves differently or sends different responses under different circumstances in a way that is observable to an unauthorized actor.
929 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2WP3-Q67H-9PPC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-16 00:01 – Updated: 2021-12-18 00:01In getNeighboringCellInfo of PhoneInterfaceManager.java, there is a possible way to determine whether an app is installed, without query permissions, due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-12Android ID: A-190619791
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0987"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-15T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "In getNeighboringCellInfo of PhoneInterfaceManager.java, there is a possible way to determine whether an app is installed, without query permissions, due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-12Android ID: A-190619791",
"id": "GHSA-2wp3-q67h-9ppc",
"modified": "2021-12-18T00:01:25Z",
"published": "2021-12-16T00:01:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0987"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2021-12-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2X34-P5XR-4CQ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-03 12:30 – Updated: 2025-12-19 21:30User enumeration in Nagvis' Checkmk MultisiteAuth before version 1.9.48 allows an unauthenticated attacker to enumerate Checkmk usernames.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-39665"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-03T10:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "User enumeration in Nagvis\u0027 Checkmk MultisiteAuth before version 1.9.48 allows an unauthenticated attacker to enumerate Checkmk usernames.",
"id": "GHSA-2x34-p5xr-4cq8",
"modified": "2025-12-19T21:30:15Z",
"published": "2025-12-03T12:30:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39665"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NagVis/nagvis/pull/411/commits/4acabcf9d5b2d26f390e760f59def8e163908d66"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nagvis.org/downloads/changelog/1.9.48"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2X48-7H28-GFQR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-22 00:33 – Updated: 2025-01-22 18:31In multiple locations, there is a possible way to obtain any system permission due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43095"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-21T23:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In multiple locations, there is a possible way to obtain any system permission due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-2x48-7h28-gfqr",
"modified": "2025-01-22T18:31:55Z",
"published": "2025-01-22T00:33:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43095"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-01-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-325X-PHGW-F22W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-16 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-21 00:01In checkExistsAndEnforceCannotModifyImmutablyRestrictedPermission of PermissionManagerService.java, there is a possible way to determine whether an app is installed, without query permissions, due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-12Android ID: A-186404356
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1013"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-15T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In checkExistsAndEnforceCannotModifyImmutablyRestrictedPermission of PermissionManagerService.java, there is a possible way to determine whether an app is installed, without query permissions, due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-12Android ID: A-186404356",
"id": "GHSA-325x-phgw-f22w",
"modified": "2021-12-21T00:01:13Z",
"published": "2021-12-16T00:00:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1013"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2021-12-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-326F-JV9V-G2JJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-13 06:30 – Updated: 2023-01-23 21:30NVIDIA BMC contains a vulnerability in IPMI handler, where an unauthorized attacker can use certain oracles to guess a valid BMC username, which may lead to an information disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42288"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-13T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "NVIDIA BMC contains a vulnerability in IPMI handler, where an unauthorized attacker can use certain oracles to guess a valid BMC username, which may lead to an information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-326f-jv9v-g2jj",
"modified": "2023-01-23T21:30:26Z",
"published": "2023-01-13T06:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5435"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-327J-HP5V-9289
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-16 00:01 – Updated: 2021-12-21 00:01In setApplicationCategoryHint of PackageManagerService.java, there is a possible way to determine whether an app is installed, without query permissions, due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-12Android ID: A-189858128
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1009"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-15T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In setApplicationCategoryHint of PackageManagerService.java, there is a possible way to determine whether an app is installed, without query permissions, due to side channel information disclosure. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-12Android ID: A-189858128",
"id": "GHSA-327j-hp5v-9289",
"modified": "2021-12-21T00:01:17Z",
"published": "2021-12-16T00:01:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2021-12-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-329V-CJ6C-RHMQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:33 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:33A potential vulnerability in the AMD extension to Linux "hwmon" service may allow an attacker to use the Linux-based Running Average Power Limit (RAPL) interface to show various side channel attacks. In line with industry partners, AMD has updated the RAPL interface to require privileged access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-12912"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-11-12T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A potential vulnerability in the AMD extension to Linux \"hwmon\" service may allow an attacker to use the Linux-based Running Average Power Limit (RAPL) interface to show various side channel attacks. In line with industry partners, AMD has updated the RAPL interface to require privileged access.",
"id": "GHSA-329v-cj6c-rhmq",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:33:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:33:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.amd.com/en/corporate/product-security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-32J7-FC74-PJWQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-29 01:25 – Updated: 2022-04-29 01:25OpenSSH-portable (OpenSSH) 3.6.1p1 and earlier with PAM support enabled immediately sends an error message when a user does not exist, which allows remote attackers to determine valid usernames via a timing attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2003-0190"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2003-05-12T04:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OpenSSH-portable (OpenSSH) 3.6.1p1 and earlier with PAM support enabled immediately sends an error message when a user does not exist, which allows remote attackers to determine valid usernames via a timing attack.",
"id": "GHSA-32j7-fc74-pjwq",
"modified": "2022-04-29T01:25:59Z",
"published": "2022-04-29T01:25:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2003-0190"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-412672.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A445"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lab.mediaservice.net/advisory/2003-01-openssh.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.grok.org.uk/pipermail/full-disclosure/2003-April/004815.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=105172058404810\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=106018677302607\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2003-222.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2003-224.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/7467"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.turbolinux.com/security/TLSA-2003-31.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3357-HR3F-V266
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-25 21:31 – Updated: 2026-08-31 15:34Observable discrepancy in SVG in Google Chrome prior to 152.0.7977.65 allowed a remote attacker to obtain cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-79016"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-25T21:17:57Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Observable discrepancy in SVG in Google Chrome prior to 152.0.7977.65 allowed a remote attacker to obtain cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-3357-hr3f-v266",
"modified": "2026-08-31T15:34:37Z",
"published": "2026-08-25T21:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-79016"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/08/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0256176589.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/497854976"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-33QR-2XWR-95PW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-05 18:30 – Updated: 2023-12-12 18:31Before Go 1.20, the RSA based TLS key exchanges used the math/big library, which is not constant time. RSA blinding was applied to prevent timing attacks, but analysis shows this may not have been fully effective. In particular it appears as if the removal of PKCS#1 padding may leak timing information, which in turn could be used to recover session key bits. In Go 1.20, the crypto/tls library switched to a fully constant time RSA implementation, which we do not believe exhibits any timing side channels.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45287"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-203"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-05T17:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Before Go 1.20, the RSA based TLS key exchanges used the math/big library, which is not constant time. RSA blinding was applied to prevent timing attacks, but analysis shows this may not have been fully effective. In particular it appears as if the removal of PKCS#1 padding may leak timing information, which in turn could be used to recover session key bits. In Go 1.20, the crypto/tls library switched to a fully constant time RSA implementation, which we do not believe exhibits any timing side channels.",
"id": "GHSA-33qr-2xwr-95pw",
"modified": "2023-12-12T18:31:30Z",
"published": "2023-12-05T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.dev/cl/326012/26"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.dev/issue/20654"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/QMK8IQALDvA"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://people.redhat.com/~hkario/marvin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-2375"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240112-0005"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
Mitigation MIT-39
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
CAPEC-189: Black Box Reverse Engineering
An adversary discovers the structure, function, and composition of a type of computer software through black box analysis techniques. 'Black Box' methods involve interacting with the software indirectly, in the absence of direct access to the executable object. Such analysis typically involves interacting with the software at the boundaries of where the software interfaces with a larger execution environment, such as input-output vectors, libraries, or APIs. Black Box Reverse Engineering also refers to gathering physical side effects of a hardware device, such as electromagnetic radiation or sounds.