Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-190

Allowed

Integer Overflow or Wraparound

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.

4393 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-CM6M-2VVH-CXC6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-31 00:31 – Updated: 2024-02-22 12:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in ImageMagick. This security flaw ouccers as an undefined behaviors of casting double to size_t in svg, mvg and other coders (recurring bugs of CVE-2022-32546).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-34151"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-30T22:15:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in ImageMagick. This security flaw ouccers as an undefined behaviors of casting double to size_t in svg, mvg and other coders (recurring bugs of CVE-2022-32546).",
  "id": "GHSA-cm6m-2vvh-cxc6",
  "modified": "2024-02-22T12:30:54Z",
  "published": "2023-05-31T00:31:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34151"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/issues/6341"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-34151"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2210657"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/02/msg00007.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/4UFQJCYJ23HWHNDOVKBHZQ7HCXXL6MM3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/V2ZUHZXQ2C3JZYKPW4XHCMVVL467MA2V"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/4UFQJCYJ23HWHNDOVKBHZQ7HCXXL6MM3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/V2ZUHZXQ2C3JZYKPW4XHCMVVL467MA2V"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CM79-JWWM-5H7H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-18 00:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 15:14
VLAI
Details

Buffer-overflow in jsdtoa.c in Artifex MuJS in versions 1.0.1 to 1.1.1. An integer overflow happens when js_strtod() reads in floating point exponent, which leads to a buffer overflow in the pointer *d.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-33797"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119",
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-17T22:15:07Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Buffer-overflow in jsdtoa.c in Artifex MuJS in versions 1.0.1 to 1.1.1. An integer overflow happens when js_strtod() reads in floating point exponent, which leads to a buffer overflow in the pointer *d.",
  "id": "GHSA-cm79-jwwm-5h7h",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T15:14:21Z",
  "published": "2023-04-18T00:31:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33797"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ccxvii/mujs/issues/148"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ccxvii/mujs/commit/833b6f1672b4f2991a63c4d05318f0b84ef4d550"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CM99-M826-VGG7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-24 15:30 – Updated: 2026-10-02 03:30
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in the libtiff library. A remote attacker could exploit a signed integer overflow vulnerability in the putcontig8bitYCbCr44tile function by providing a specially crafted TIFF file. This flaw can lead to an out-of-bounds heap write due to incorrect memory pointer calculations, potentially causing a denial of service (application crash) or arbitrary code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-4775"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-24T15:16:39Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in the libtiff library. A remote attacker could exploit a signed integer overflow vulnerability in the putcontig8bitYCbCr44tile function by providing a specially crafted TIFF file. This flaw can lead to an out-of-bounds heap write due to incorrect memory pointer calculations, potentially causing a denial of service (application crash) or arbitrary code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-cm99-m826-vgg7",
  "modified": "2026-10-02T03:30:59Z",
  "published": "2026-03-24T15:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4775"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:12265"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20592"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24992"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25096"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:25910"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30078"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30087"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30088"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30089"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30349"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:33388"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:74674"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-4775"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2450768"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/04/msg00016.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-4775.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:12271"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14929"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:16055"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19150"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19363"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19585"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19586"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19604"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19608"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19609"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19657"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19659"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19702"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20583"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20585"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20591"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CMCQ-V328-82VJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-24 15:31 – Updated: 2026-09-25 18:31
VLAI
Details

An integer overflow vulnerability exists in the MPack Node API in MPack 1.1.1 on 32-bit platforms. When parsing a specially crafted MessagePack array32 or map32 object with an excessively large element count, the page allocation size calculation in mpack_tree_parse_children() can overflow size_t and produce an undersized allocation. Subsequent parsing writes mpack_node_data_t records beyond the allocated heap buffer, resulting in heap-buffer-overflow, memory corruption, and denial of service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-88351"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-24T15:17:50Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An integer overflow vulnerability exists in the MPack Node API in MPack 1.1.1 on 32-bit platforms. When parsing a specially crafted MessagePack array32 or map32 object with an excessively large element count, the page allocation size calculation in mpack_tree_parse_children() can overflow size_t and produce an undersized allocation. Subsequent parsing writes mpack_node_data_t records beyond the allocated heap buffer, resulting in heap-buffer-overflow, memory corruption, and denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-cmcq-v328-82vj",
  "modified": "2026-09-25T18:31:20Z",
  "published": "2026-09-24T15:31:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-88351"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ludocode/mpack/issues/123"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ludocode/mpack/commit/3d54d1215bdb5478d3ddecaf85884c58b382cd9b"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CMJ3-C7CR-5Q95

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:48 – Updated: 2024-03-21 03:34
VLAI
Details

Unbound before 1.9.5 allows an integer overflow in a size calculation in dnscrypt/dnscrypt.c.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-25038"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-27T06:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Unbound before 1.9.5 allows an integer overflow in a size calculation in dnscrypt/dnscrypt.c.",
  "id": "GHSA-cmj3-c7cr-5q95",
  "modified": "2024-03-21T03:34:04Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:48:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-25038"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/05/msg00007.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ostif.org/our-audit-of-unbound-dns-by-x41-d-sec-full-results"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210507-0007"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CMMM-VQQ3-X5G7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-18 00:30 – Updated: 2022-11-22 03:30
VLAI
Details

In shared_metadata_init of SharedMetadata.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an integer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-239415718References: N/A

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-42533"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-17T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In shared_metadata_init of SharedMetadata.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an integer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-239415718References: N/A",
  "id": "GHSA-cmmm-vqq3-x5g7",
  "modified": "2022-11-22T03:30:59Z",
  "published": "2022-11-18T00:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42533"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2022-11-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CMRP-CWG4-4P53

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-26 00:01 – Updated: 2022-06-08 00:00
VLAI
Details

epub2txt2 v2.04 was discovered to contain an integer overflow via the function bug in _parse_special_tag at sxmlc.c. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted XML file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-29358"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-25T01:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "epub2txt2 v2.04 was discovered to contain an integer overflow via the function bug in _parse_special_tag at sxmlc.c. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted XML file.",
  "id": "GHSA-cmrp-cwg4-4p53",
  "modified": "2022-06-08T00:00:33Z",
  "published": "2022-05-26T00:01:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29358"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kevinboone/epub2txt2/issues/22"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CMWW-63FH-M29G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-11 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-11 18:31
VLAI
Details

Integer overflow or wraparound in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-58641"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-11T17:18:05Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Integer overflow or wraparound in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-cmww-63fh-m29g",
  "modified": "2026-08-11T18:31:00Z",
  "published": "2026-08-11T18:31:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58641"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-58641"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CMX7-7XM2-M73Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:02
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in the _send_secure_msg() function of Yubico yubihsm-shell through 2.0.3. The function does not correctly validate the embedded length field of an authenticated message received from the device because response_msg.st.len=8 can be accepted but triggers an integer overflow, which causes CRYPTO_cbc128_decrypt (in OpenSSL) to encounter an undersized buffer and experience a segmentation fault. The yubihsm-shell project is included in the YubiHSM 2 SDK product.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-32489"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-10T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in the _send_secure_msg() function of Yubico yubihsm-shell through 2.0.3. The function does not correctly validate the embedded length field of an authenticated message received from the device because response_msg.st.len=8 can be accepted but triggers an integer overflow, which causes CRYPTO_cbc128_decrypt (in OpenSSL) to encounter an undersized buffer and experience a segmentation fault. The yubihsm-shell project is included in the YubiHSM 2 SDK product.",
  "id": "GHSA-cmx7-7xm2-m73q",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:02:11Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:02:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32489"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.inhq.net/posts/yubico-libyubihsm-vuln2/#second-attack-variant-cve-pending"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-CP42-9JH9-448F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:57 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:33
VLAI
Details

Integer overflow in libswscale/x86/swscale.c in libav 11.8 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-9824"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-190"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-03-01T15:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Integer overflow in libswscale/x86/swscale.c in libav 11.8 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a crafted file.",
  "id": "GHSA-cp42-9jh9-448f",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:33:27Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:57:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-9824"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blogs.gentoo.org/ago/2016/12/01/libav-multiple-crashes-from-the-undefined-behavior-sanitizer"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94732"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Requirements

Ensure that all protocols are strictly defined, such that all out-of-bounds behavior can be identified simply, and require strict conformance to the protocol.

Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • If possible, choose a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • Use libraries or frameworks that make it easier to handle numbers without unexpected consequences.
  • Examples include safe integer handling packages such as SafeInt (C++) or IntegerLib (C or C++). [REF-106]
Mitigation MIT-8
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Perform input validation on any numeric input by ensuring that it is within the expected range. Enforce that the input meets both the minimum and maximum requirements for the expected range.
  • Use unsigned integers where possible. This makes it easier to perform validation for integer overflows. When signed integers are required, ensure that the range check includes minimum values as well as maximum values.
Mitigation MIT-36
Implementation
  • Understand the programming language's underlying representation and how it interacts with numeric calculation (CWE-681). Pay close attention to byte size discrepancies, precision, signed/unsigned distinctions, truncation, conversion and casting between types, "not-a-number" calculations, and how the language handles numbers that are too large or too small for its underlying representation. [REF-7]
  • Also be careful to account for 32-bit, 64-bit, and other potential differences that may affect the numeric representation.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-26
Implementation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Examine compiler warnings closely and eliminate problems with potential security implications, such as signed / unsigned mismatch in memory operations, or use of uninitialized variables. Even if the weakness is rarely exploitable, a single failure may lead to the compromise of the entire system.

CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow

This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.