Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-134

Allowed

Use of Externally-Controlled Format String

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a function that accepts a format string as an argument, but the format string originates from an external source.

539 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-24359 (GCVE-0-2025-24359)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-24 16:52 – Updated: 2025-02-12 20:01
VLAI
Title
ASTEVAL Vulnerable to Maliciously Crafted Format Strings Leading to Sandbox Escape
Summary
ASTEVAL is an evaluator of Python expressions and statements. Prior to version 1.0.6, if an attacker can control the input to the `asteval` library, they can bypass asteval's restrictions and execute arbitrary Python code in the context of the application using the library. The vulnerability is rooted in how `asteval` performs handling of `FormattedValue` AST nodes. In particular, the `on_formattedvalue` value uses the dangerous format method of the str class. The code allows an attacker to manipulate the value of the string used in the dangerous call `fmt.format(__fstring__=val)`. This vulnerability can be exploited to access protected attributes by intentionally triggering an `AttributeError` exception. The attacker can then catch the exception and use its `obj` attribute to gain arbitrary access to sensitive or protected object properties. Version 1.0.6 fixes this issue.
Severity
8.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-24 17:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-134 - Use of Externally-Controlled Format String
  • CWE-749 - Exposed Dangerous Method or Function
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lmfit asteval Affected: < 1.0.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-22482 (GCVE-0-2025-22482)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-06 15:53 – Updated: 2025-06-06 16:35
VLAI
Title
Qsync Central
Summary
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers who have gained user access to obtain secret data or modify memory. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Qsync Central 4.5.0.6 ( 2025/03/20 ) and later
Severity
2.3 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-06 16:19 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. Qsync Central Affected: 4.5.x.x , < 4.5.0.6 ( 2025/03/20 ) (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Searat and izut
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-58366 (GCVE-0-2024-58366)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-18 13:10 – Updated: 2026-07-28 01:47
VLAI
Title
SurrealDB before 1.1.1 Format String via Scripting Functions
Summary
SurrealDB before 1.1.1 contains a format string vulnerability in the rquickjs Exception::throw_type function when scripting is enabled. Attackers with scripting privileges can supply format string sequences in error inputs to read arbitrary memory or execute code with SurrealDB process privileges.
Severity
9 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
8.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-20 15:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-134 - Use of Externally-Controlled Format String
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
surrealdb surrealdb Affected: 0 , < 1.1.1 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.1.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
surrealdb surrealdb Affected: 0 , < 0.4.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 0.4.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-02-19 00:00
Credits
akkie
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-50403 (GCVE-0-2024-50403)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-06 16:36 – Updated: 2024-12-06 19:25
VLAI
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers who have gained administrator access to obtain secret data or modify memory. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.2.2950 build 20241114 and later QuTS hero h5.2.2.2952 build 20241116 and later
Severity
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-06 19:25 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. QTS Affected: 5.2.x , < 5.2.2.2950 build 20241114 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
QNAP Systems Inc. QuTS hero Affected: h5.2.x , < h5.2.2.2952 build 20241116 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Anh Nguyen Le Quoc (h4niz), Tri, Nguyen Huu (trinh), Quy, Cao Ngoc (quycn) of bl4ckh0l3 from Galaxy One
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-50402 (GCVE-0-2024-50402)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-06 16:36 – Updated: 2024-12-06 19:26
VLAI
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers who have gained administrator access to obtain secret data or modify memory. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.1.9.2954 build 20241120 and later QTS 5.2.2.2950 build 20241114 and later QuTS hero h5.1.9.2954 build 20241120 and later QuTS hero h5.2.2.2952 build 20241116 and later
Severity
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-06 19:26 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. QTS Affected: 5.1.x , < 5.1.9.2954 build 20241120 (custom)
Affected: 5.2.x , < 5.2.2.2950 build 20241114 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
QNAP Systems Inc. QuTS hero Affected: h5.1.x , < h5.1.9.2954 build 20241120 (custom)
Affected: h5.2.x , < h5.2.2.2952 build 20241116 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Anh Nguyen Le Quoc (h4niz), Tri, Nguyen Huu (trinh), Quy, Cao Ngoc (quycn) of bl4ckh0l3 from Galaxy One
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-50401 (GCVE-0-2024-50401)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 15:30 – Updated: 2024-11-22 16:45
VLAI
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers who have gained administrator access to obtain secret data or modify memory. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.1.2930 build 20241025 and later QuTS hero h5.2.1.2929 build 20241025 and later
Severity
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-22 16:43 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. QTS Affected: 5.2.x , < 5.2.1.2930 build 20241025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
QNAP Systems Inc. QuTS hero Affected: h5.2.x , < h5.2.1.2929 build 20241025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Anh Nguyen Le Quoc (h4niz), Tri, Nguyen Huu, Quy, Cao Ngoc of bl4ckh0l3 from Galaxy One
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-50400 (GCVE-0-2024-50400)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-22 16:44
VLAI
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers who have gained administrator access to obtain secret data or modify memory. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.1.2930 build 20241025 and later QuTS hero h5.2.1.2929 build 20241025 and later
Severity
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-22 16:43 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. QTS Affected: 5.2.x , < 5.2.1.2930 build 20241025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
QNAP Systems Inc. QuTS hero Affected: h5.2.x , < h5.2.1.2929 build 20241025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Anh Nguyen Le Quoc (h4niz), Tri, Nguyen Huu, Quy, Cao Ngoc of bl4ckh0l3 from Galaxy One
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-50399 (GCVE-0-2024-50399)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-22 16:44
VLAI
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers who have gained administrator access to obtain secret data or modify memory. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.1.2930 build 20241025 and later QuTS hero h5.2.1.2929 build 20241025 and later
Severity
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-22 16:44 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. QTS Affected: 5.2.x , < 5.2.1.2930 build 20241025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
QNAP Systems Inc. QuTS hero Affected: h5.2.x , < h5.2.1.2929 build 20241025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Anh Nguyen Le Quoc (h4niz), Tri, Nguyen Huu, Quy, Cao Ngoc of bl4ckh0l3 from Galaxy One
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-50398 (GCVE-0-2024-50398)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-22 16:44
VLAI
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers who have gained administrator access to obtain secret data or modify memory. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.1.2930 build 20241025 and later QuTS hero h5.2.1.2929 build 20241025 and later
Severity
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-22 16:43 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. QTS Affected: 5.2.x , < 5.2.1.2930 build 20241025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
QNAP Systems Inc. QuTS hero Affected: h5.2.x , < h5.2.1.2929 build 20241025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Anh Nguyen Le Quoc (h4niz), Tri, Nguyen Huu, Quy, Cao Ngoc of bl4ckh0l3 from Galaxy One
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2024-50397 (GCVE-0-2024-50397)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-22 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-22 16:44
VLAI
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers who have gained user access to obtain secret data or modify memory. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.1.2930 build 20241025 and later QuTS hero h5.2.1.2929 build 20241025 and later
Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-22 16:43 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. QTS Affected: 5.2.x , < 5.2.1.2930 build 20241025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
QNAP Systems Inc. QuTS hero Affected: h5.2.x , < h5.2.1.2929 build 20241025 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Anh Nguyen Le Quoc (h4niz), Tri, Nguyen Huu, Quy, Cao Ngoc of bl4ckh0l3 from Galaxy One
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Requirements

Choose a language that is not subject to this flaw.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that all format string functions are passed a static string which cannot be controlled by the user, and that the proper number of arguments are always sent to that function as well. If at all possible, use functions that do not support the %n operator in format strings. [REF-116] [REF-117]

Mitigation
Build and Compilation

Run compilers and linkers with high warning levels, since they may detect incorrect usage.

CAPEC-135: Format String Injection

An adversary includes formatting characters in a string input field on the target application. Most applications assume that users will provide static text and may respond unpredictably to the presence of formatting character. For example, in certain functions of the C programming languages such as printf, the formatting character %s will print the contents of a memory location expecting this location to identify a string and the formatting character %n prints the number of DWORD written in the memory. An adversary can use this to read or write to memory locations or files, or simply to manipulate the value of the resulting text in unexpected ways. Reading or writing memory may result in program crashes and writing memory could result in the execution of arbitrary code if the adversary can write to the program stack.

CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog()

This attack targets applications and software that uses the syslog() function insecurely. If an application does not explicitely use a format string parameter in a call to syslog(), user input can be placed in the format string parameter leading to a format string injection attack. Adversaries can then inject malicious format string commands into the function call leading to a buffer overflow. There are many reported software vulnerabilities with the root cause being a misuse of the syslog() function.

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