Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1333

Allowed

Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.

886 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-CMCX-XHR8-3W9P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-02-20 23:26 – Updated: 2024-02-08 22:49
VLAI
Summary
Denial of Service in uap-core when processing crafted User-Agent strings
Details

Impact

Some regexes are vulnerable to regular expression denial of service (REDoS) due to overlapping capture groups. This allows remote attackers to overload a server by setting the User-Agent header in an HTTP(S) request to maliciously crafted long strings.

Patches

Please update uap-core to >= v0.7.3

Downstream packages such as uap-python, uap-ruby etc which depend upon uap-core follow different version schemes.

Details

Each vulnerable regular expression reported here contains 3 overlapping capture groups. Backtracking has approximately cubic time complexity with respect to the length of the user-agent string.

Regex 1:

\bSmartWatch *\( *([^;]+) *; *([^;]+) *;

is vulnerable in portion *([^;]+) * and can be attacked with

"SmartWatch(" + (" " * 3500) + "z"

e.g.

SmartWatch(                                   z

Regex 2:

; *([^;/]+) Build[/ ]Huawei(MT1-U06|[A-Z]+\d+[^\);]+)[^\);]*\)

is vulnerable in portion \d+[^\);]+[^\);]* and can be attacked with

";A Build HuaweiA" + ("4" * 3500) + "z"

Regex 3:

(HbbTV)/[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+ \([^;]*; *(LG)E *; *([^;]*) *;[^;]*;[^;]*;\)

is vulnerable in portion *([^;]*) * and can be attacked with

"HbbTV/0.0.0 (;LGE;" + (" " * 3500) + "z"

Regex 4:

(HbbTV)/[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+ \([^;]*; *(?:CUS:([^;]*)|([^;]+)) *; *([^;]*) *;.*;

is vulnerable in portions *(?:CUS:([^;]*)|([^;]+)) * and *([^;]*) * and can be attacked with

"HbbTV/0.0.0 (;CUS:;" + (" " * 3500) + "z"
"HbbTV/0.0.0 (;" + (" " * 3500) + "z"
"HbbTV/0.0.0 (;z;" + (" " * 3500) + "z"

Reported by Ben Caller @bcaller

Severity
5.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "uap-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.7.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "user_agent_parser"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.6.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-5243"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-20"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-02-20T23:09:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-02-21T00:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nSome regexes are vulnerable to regular expression denial of service (REDoS) due to overlapping capture groups. This allows remote attackers to overload a server by setting the User-Agent header in an HTTP(S) request to maliciously crafted long strings.\n\n### Patches\n\nPlease update uap-core to \u0026amp;amp;gt;= v0.7.3\n\nDownstream packages such as uap-python, uap-ruby etc which depend upon uap-core follow different version schemes.\n\n### Details\n\nEach vulnerable regular expression reported here contains 3 overlapping capture groups. Backtracking has approximately cubic time complexity with respect to the length of the user-agent string.\n\n#### Regex 1:\n\n```\n\\bSmartWatch *\\( *([^;]+) *; *([^;]+) *;\n```\n\nis vulnerable in portion ` *([^;]+) *` and can be attacked with\n\n```python\n\u0026amp;amp;quot;SmartWatch(\u0026amp;amp;quot; + (\u0026amp;amp;quot; \u0026amp;amp;quot; * 3500) + \u0026amp;amp;quot;z\u0026amp;amp;quot;\n```\ne.g.\n```\nSmartWatch(                                   z\n```\n\n\n#### Regex 2:\n\n```\n; *([^;/]+) Build[/ ]Huawei(MT1-U06|[A-Z]+\\d+[^\\);]+)[^\\);]*\\)\n```\n\nis vulnerable in portion `\\d+[^\\);]+[^\\);]*` and can be attacked with\n\n```python\n\u0026amp;amp;quot;;A Build HuaweiA\u0026amp;amp;quot; + (\u0026amp;amp;quot;4\u0026amp;amp;quot; * 3500) + \u0026amp;amp;quot;z\u0026amp;amp;quot;\n```\n\n\n#### Regex 3:\n\n```\n(HbbTV)/[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+ \\([^;]*; *(LG)E *; *([^;]*) *;[^;]*;[^;]*;\\)\n```\n\nis vulnerable in portion ` *([^;]*) *` and can be attacked with\n\n```python\n\u0026amp;amp;quot;HbbTV/0.0.0 (;LGE;\u0026amp;amp;quot; + (\u0026amp;amp;quot; \u0026amp;amp;quot; * 3500) + \u0026amp;amp;quot;z\u0026amp;amp;quot;\n```\n\n#### Regex 4:\n\n```\n(HbbTV)/[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+ \\([^;]*; *(?:CUS:([^;]*)|([^;]+)) *; *([^;]*) *;.*;\n```\n\nis vulnerable in portions ` *(?:CUS:([^;]*)|([^;]+)) *` and ` *([^;]*) *` and can be attacked with\n\n```python\n\u0026amp;amp;quot;HbbTV/0.0.0 (;CUS:;\u0026amp;amp;quot; + (\u0026amp;amp;quot; \u0026amp;amp;quot; * 3500) + \u0026amp;amp;quot;z\u0026amp;amp;quot;\n\u0026amp;amp;quot;HbbTV/0.0.0 (;\u0026amp;amp;quot; + (\u0026amp;amp;quot; \u0026amp;amp;quot; * 3500) + \u0026amp;amp;quot;z\u0026amp;amp;quot;\n\u0026amp;amp;quot;HbbTV/0.0.0 (;z;\u0026amp;amp;quot; + (\u0026amp;amp;quot; \u0026amp;amp;quot; * 3500) + \u0026amp;amp;quot;z\u0026amp;amp;quot;\n```\n\nReported by Ben Caller @bcaller",
  "id": "GHSA-cmcx-xhr8-3w9p",
  "modified": "2024-02-08T22:49:51Z",
  "published": "2020-02-20T23:26:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ua-parser/uap-core/security/advisories/GHSA-cmcx-xhr8-3w9p"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ua-parser/uap-ruby/security/advisories/GHSA-pcqq-5962-hvcw"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5243"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ua-parser/uap-core/commit/0afd61ed85396a3b5316f18bfd1edfaadf8e88e1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/user_agent_parser/CVE-2020-5243.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Denial of Service in uap-core when processing crafted User-Agent strings"
}

GHSA-CMHX-CQ75-C4MJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-04 21:03 – Updated: 2023-02-21 18:57
VLAI
Summary
Regular Expression Denial of Service in System.Text.RegularExpressions
Details

A denial of service vulnerability exists when .NET Framework and .NET Core improperly process RegEx strings, aka '.NET Framework and .NET Core Denial of Service Vulnerability'. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-0980, CVE-2019-0981.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "System.Text.RegularExpressions"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.3.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-0820"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-04T21:03:27Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-05-16T19:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A denial of service vulnerability exists when .NET Framework and .NET Core improperly process RegEx strings, aka \u0027.NET Framework and .NET Core Denial of Service Vulnerability\u0027. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-0980, CVE-2019-0981.",
  "id": "GHSA-cmhx-cq75-c4mj",
  "modified": "2023-02-21T18:57:08Z",
  "published": "2021-08-04T21:03:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0820"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1259"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2019-0820"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Regular Expression Denial of Service in System.Text.RegularExpressions"
}

GHSA-CPH5-M8F7-6C5X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-01 18:23 – Updated: 2022-09-14 21:28
VLAI
Summary
axios Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity vulnerability
Details

axios before v0.21.2 is vulnerable to Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "axios"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.21.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-3749"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-09-01T18:14:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-31T11:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "axios before v0.21.2 is vulnerable to Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity.",
  "id": "GHSA-cph5-m8f7-6c5x",
  "modified": "2022-09-14T21:28:32Z",
  "published": "2021-09-01T18:23:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3749"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios/commit/5b457116e31db0e88fede6c428e969e87f290929"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/axios"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rfc5c478053ff808671aef170f3d9fc9d05cc1fab8fb64431edc66103@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rfa094029c959da0f7c8cd7dc9c4e59d21b03457bf0cedf6c93e1bb0a@%3Cdev.druid.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc263bfc5b53afcb7e849605478d73f5556eb0c00d1f912084e407289@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/ra15d63c54dc6474b29f72ae4324bcb03038758545b3ab800845de7a1@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r74d0b359408fff31f87445261f0ee13bdfcac7d66f6b8e846face321@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r7324ecc35b8027a51cb6ed629490fcd3b2d7cf01c424746ed5744bf1@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4bf1b32983f50be00f9752214c1b53738b621be1c2b0dbd68c7f2391@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3ae6d2654f92c5851bdb73b35e96b0e4e3da39f28ac7a1b15ae3aab8@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r216f0fd0a3833856d6a6a1fada488cadba45f447d87010024328ccf2@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r075d464dce95cd13c03ff9384658edcccd5ab2983b82bfc72b62bb10@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/1e8f07fc-c384-4ff9-8498-0690de2e8c31"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/axios/axios"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-637483.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "axios Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity vulnerability"
}

GHSA-CQF7-FF9H-7967

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:48 – Updated: 2024-09-18 16:17
VLAI
Summary
Django ReDoS in validators.URLValidator
Details

validators.URLValidator in Django 1.8.x before 1.8.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via unspecified vectors.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Django"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.8a1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.8.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-5145"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-03T19:54:38Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-07-14T17:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "`validators.URLValidator` in Django 1.8.x before 1.8.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-cqf7-ff9h-7967",
  "modified": "2024-09-18T16:17:40Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:48:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5145"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/django/django/commit/8f9a4d3a2bc42f14bb437defd30c7315adbff22c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/django/django"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/django/django/blob/4555a823fd57e261e1b19c778429473256c8ea08/docs/releases/1.8.3.txt#L63-L68"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/django/PYSEC-2015-21.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201510-06"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150801/http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1032820"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170526042302/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/75691"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2015/jul/08/security-releases"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Django ReDoS in validators.URLValidator"
}

GHSA-CQFH-C4C5-C2HG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-28 00:31 – Updated: 2025-09-03 15:16
VLAI
Summary
domain-suffix RegEx Denial of Service
Details

RegEx Denial of Service in domain-suffix 1.0.8 allows attackers to crash the application via crafted input to the parse function.

PoC

async function exploit() {
   const domainsuffix = require(\"domain-suffix\");
   // Crafting a string that will cause excessive backtracking
   const maliciousInput = \"a.\".repeat(10000) + \"b\"; // This will create a long sequence of \"a.\" followed by \"b\"
   const result = await domainsuffix.domainSuffix.parse(maliciousInput);
}
await exploit();
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "domain-suffix"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.0.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-25354"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-29T18:02:23Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-27T22:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "RegEx Denial of Service in domain-suffix 1.0.8 allows attackers to crash the application via crafted input to the parse function.\n\n## PoC\n```js\nasync function exploit() {\n   const domainsuffix = require(\\\"domain-suffix\\\");\n   // Crafting a string that will cause excessive backtracking\n   const maliciousInput = \\\"a.\\\".repeat(10000) + \\\"b\\\"; // This will create a long sequence of \\\"a.\\\" followed by \\\"b\\\"\n   const result = await domainsuffix.domainSuffix.parse(maliciousInput);\n}\nawait exploit();\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-cqfh-c4c5-c2hg",
  "modified": "2025-09-03T15:16:09Z",
  "published": "2024-03-28T00:31:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25354"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/6en6ar/c3b11b4058b8e2bc54717408d451fb79"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ikrong/domain-suffix"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ikrong/domain-suffix/blob/master/src/domainSuffix.ts"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "domain-suffix RegEx Denial of Service"
}

GHSA-CQGG-3G6J-WQJP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-08 12:34 – Updated: 2026-10-08 12:34
VLAI
Details

Inefficient complexity in the Sieve filter evaluation of Progressive Robot hMailServer 6.2.24 through 6.3.5 allows an authenticated account holder to make the mail services unavailable with their own filter. A ':matches' pattern was matched by a backtracking descent whose time grew with the matched value's length raised to the number of wildcards, so a pattern such as 'aaab' over 800 characters took 44 seconds; and 'deleteheader' erased the fields it removed one at a time, so removing many fields of one name over a message's header cost O(N^2) (80,000 fields took 18.8 seconds). Sieve filters run on the small, shared delivery thread pool, so an account holder whose active script does this, fed a few messages they can send themselves, empties the pool and stops delivery for the whole server. The script is the account holder's own and cannot be set for another user.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-107572"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-10-08T12:17:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Inefficient complexity in the Sieve filter evaluation of Progressive Robot hMailServer 6.2.24 through 6.3.5 allows an authenticated account holder to make the mail services unavailable with their own filter. A \u0027:matches\u0027 pattern was matched by a backtracking descent whose time grew with the matched value\u0027s length raised to the number of wildcards, so a pattern such as \u0027*a*a*a*b\u0027 over 800 characters took 44 seconds; and \u0027deleteheader\u0027 erased the fields it removed one at a time, so removing many fields of one name over a message\u0027s header cost O(N^2) (80,000 fields took 18.8 seconds). Sieve filters run on the small, shared delivery thread pool, so an account holder whose active script does this, fed a few messages they can send themselves, empties the pool and stops delivery for the whole server. The script is the account holder\u0027s own and cannot be set for another user.",
  "id": "GHSA-cqgg-3g6j-wqjp",
  "modified": "2026-10-08T12:34:26Z",
  "published": "2026-10-08T12:34:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-107572"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/hmailserver/hmailserver/-/releases/v6.3.6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/hmailserver/hmailserver/-/work_items/75"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CR84-XVW4-QX3C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-25 22:27 – Updated: 2022-10-31 16:02
VLAI
Summary
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in shescape
Details

Impact

This impacts users that use shescape to escape arguments:

  • for the Unix shell Bash, or any not-officially-supported Unix shell;
  • using the escape or escapeAll functions with the interpolation option set to true.

An attacker can cause polynomial backtracking in terms of the input string length due to a Regular Expression in shescape that is vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS). Example:

import * as shescape from "shescape";

/* 1. Prerequisites */
const options = {
  interpolation: true,
  // and
  shell: "/bin/bash",
  // or
  shell: "some-not-officially-supported-shell",
  // or
  shell: undefined, // Only if the system's default shell is bash or an unsupported shell.
};

/* 2. Attack */
let userInput = '{,'.repeat(150_000); // polynomial backtracking

/* 3. Usage */
shescape.escape(userInput, options);
// or
shescape.escapeAll([userInput], options);

Patches

This bug has been patched in v1.6.1 which you can upgrade to now. No further changes required.

Workarounds

Alternatively, a maximum length can be enforced on input strings to shescape to reduce the impact of the vulnerability. It is not recommended to try and detect vulnerable input strings, as the logic for this may end up being vulnerable to ReDoS itself.

References

For more information

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "shescape"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.5.10"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.6.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-25918"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-25T22:27:32Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-27T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nThis impacts users that use shescape to escape arguments:\n\n- for the Unix shell Bash, or any not-officially-supported Unix shell;\n- using the `escape` or `escapeAll` functions with the `interpolation` option set to `true`.\n\nAn attacker can cause polynomial backtracking in terms of the input string length due to a Regular Expression in shescape that is vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS). Example:\n\n```javascript\nimport * as shescape from \"shescape\";\n\n/* 1. Prerequisites */\nconst options = {\n  interpolation: true,\n  // and\n  shell: \"/bin/bash\",\n  // or\n  shell: \"some-not-officially-supported-shell\",\n  // or\n  shell: undefined, // Only if the system\u0027s default shell is bash or an unsupported shell.\n};\n\n/* 2. Attack */\nlet userInput = \u0027{,\u0027.repeat(150_000); // polynomial backtracking\n\n/* 3. Usage */\nshescape.escape(userInput, options);\n// or\nshescape.escapeAll([userInput], options);\n```\n\n### Patches\n\nThis bug has been patched in [v1.6.1](https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.6.1) which you can upgrade to now. No further changes required.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nAlternatively, a maximum length can be enforced on input strings to shescape to reduce the impact of the vulnerability. It is not recommended to try and detect vulnerable input strings, as the logic for this may end up being vulnerable to ReDoS itself.\n\n### References\n\n- Shescape commit [552e8ea](https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/commit/552e8eab56861720b1d4e5474fb65741643358f9)\n- Shescape Release [v1.6.1](https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.6.1)\n\n### For more information\n\n- Comment on commit [552e8ea](https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/commit/552e8eab56861720b1d4e5474fb65741643358f9)\n- Open an issue at [https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/issues](https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen) (New issue \u003e Question \u003e Get started)\n",
  "id": "GHSA-cr84-xvw4-qx3c",
  "modified": "2022-10-31T16:02:55Z",
  "published": "2022-10-25T22:27:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/security/advisories/GHSA-cr84-xvw4-qx3c"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25918"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/commit/552e8eab56861720b1d4e5474fb65741643358f9"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/blob/main/src/unix.js%23L52"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ericcornelissen/shescape/releases/tag/v1.6.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-SHESCAPE-3061108"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in shescape "
}

GHSA-CRJR-9RC5-GHW8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-11 21:18 – Updated: 2023-07-06 16:02
VLAI
Summary
Nokogiri Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Details

Summary

Nokogiri < v1.13.4 contains an inefficient regular expression that is susceptible to excessive backtracking when attempting to detect encoding in HTML documents.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.4.

Severity

The Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as High Severity 7.5 (CVSS3.1).

References

CWE-1333 Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

Credit

This vulnerability was reported by HackerOne user ooooooo_q (ななおく).

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "nokogiri"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.13.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-24836"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-04-11T21:18:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-11T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nNokogiri `\u003c v1.13.4` contains an inefficient regular expression that is susceptible to excessive backtracking when attempting to detect encoding in HTML documents.\n\n## Mitigation\n\nUpgrade to Nokogiri `\u003e= 1.13.4`.\n\n\n## Severity\n\nThe Nokogiri maintainers have evaluated this as [**High Severity** 7.5 (CVSS3.1)](https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).\n\n\n## References\n\n[CWE-1333](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/1333.html) Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity\n\n\n## Credit\n\nThis vulnerability was reported by HackerOne user ooooooo_q (\u306a\u306a\u304a\u304f).\n",
  "id": "GHSA-crjr-9rc5-ghw8",
  "modified": "2023-07-06T16:02:37Z",
  "published": "2022-04-11T21:18:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/security/advisories/GHSA-crjr-9rc5-ghw8"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24836"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/commit/e444525ef1634b675cd1cf52d39f4320ef0aecfd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/nokogiri/CVE-2022-24836.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/releases/tag/v1.13.4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/ruby-security-ann/c/vX7qSjsvWis/m/TJWN4oOKBwAJ?utm_medium=email\u0026utm_source=footer"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/05/msg00013.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/10/msg00018.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/6DHCOWMA5PQTIQIMDENA7R2Y5BDYAIYM"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OUPLBUZVM4WPFSXBEP2JS3R6LMKRTLFC"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XMDCWRQXJQ3TFSETPCEFMQ6RR6ME5UA3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-29"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213532"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Dec/23"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Nokogiri Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity"
}

GHSA-CW56-J3FM-7W57

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-18 00:00 – Updated: 2023-07-11 16:35
VLAI
Summary
Regular expression denial of service in Apache ShenYu
Details

In Apache ShenYui, ShenYu-Bootstrap, RegexPredicateJudge.java uses Pattern.matches(conditionData.getParamValue(), realData) to make judgments, where both parameters are controllable by the user. This can cause an attacker pass in malicious regular expressions and characters causing a resource exhaustion. This issue affects Apache ShenYu (incubating) 2.4.0, 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 and is fixed in 2.4.3.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.shenyu:shenyu"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.shenyu:shenyu-bootstrap"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-26650"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-05-25T19:36:33Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-17T08:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In Apache ShenYui, ShenYu-Bootstrap, RegexPredicateJudge.java uses Pattern.matches(conditionData.getParamValue(), realData) to make judgments, where both parameters are controllable by the user. This can cause an attacker pass in malicious regular expressions and characters causing a resource exhaustion. This issue affects Apache ShenYu (incubating) 2.4.0, 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 and is fixed in 2.4.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-cw56-j3fm-7w57",
  "modified": "2023-07-11T16:35:32Z",
  "published": "2022-05-18T00:00:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26650"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/incubator-shenyu"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/8rp33m3nm4bwtx3qx76mqynth3t3d673"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/05/17/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Regular expression denial of service in Apache ShenYu"
}

GHSA-F3WJ-W3QW-RW57

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-11 18:31 – Updated: 2026-09-11 21:31
VLAI
Details

The two built-in name-finder patterns exposed by opennlp.tools.namefind.RegexNameFinderFactory - DEFAULT_REGEX_NAME_FINDER.EMAIL and DEFAULT_REGEX_NAME_FINDER.URL - contain ambiguous nested quantifiers. An application that obtains these finders through RegexNameFinderFactory.getDefaultRegexNameFinders(...) and then applies them to untrusted text through RegexNameFinder.find(String[]) or RegexNameFinder.find(String) can be driven into super-linear backtracking or into unbounded matcher recursion by a small crafted input.

For the EMAIL pattern, a long run of local-part characters that is never followed by an @ forces the matcher to re-scan to end-of-input from every starting offset. Cost grows quadratically with input length: an input of approximately 32 KB consumes several seconds of CPU in a single find() call and returns no match, and each doubling of the input multiplies the cost roughly four-fold.

For the URL pattern, the query-string sub-expression nests a capturing repetition inside an outer repetition. The JDK matcher recurses once per query token, so an input of approximately 4 KB containing many &-separated tokens exhausts the thread stack and causes java.lang.StackOverflowError to propagate out of find(), terminating the calling thread. On a thread created with a smaller stack (for example -Xss512k, typical of server worker pools) approximately 1 KB is sufficient.

In both cases an attacker who can supply text for analysis can convert a single request into seconds to minutes of pinned CPU, or into an abrupt thread death, denying service to the embedding application. No authentication, special configuration, or model file is required beyond the application having selected one of the two built-in finders.

This issue affects Apache OpenNLP: from 2.0.0 through 2.5.11; from 3.0.0-M1 through 3.0.0-M5.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.5.12, or to 3.0.0-M6 for users tracking the 3.0.0 milestone line, which fix the issue.

Severity
10.0 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-82617"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-11T18:16:59Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The two built-in name-finder patterns exposed by\nopennlp.tools.namefind.RegexNameFinderFactory - DEFAULT_REGEX_NAME_FINDER.EMAIL\nand DEFAULT_REGEX_NAME_FINDER.URL\u00a0- contain ambiguous nested quantifiers. An\napplication that obtains these finders through\nRegexNameFinderFactory.getDefaultRegexNameFinders(...) and then applies them to\nuntrusted text through RegexNameFinder.find(String[]) or RegexNameFinder.find(String)\ncan be driven into super-linear backtracking or into unbounded matcher recursion by a\nsmall crafted input.\n\n\n\n\n\nFor the EMAIL pattern, a long run of local-part characters that is never followed by an\n@ forces the matcher to re-scan to end-of-input from every starting offset. Cost grows\nquadratically with input length: an input of approximately 32 KB consumes several seconds\nof CPU in a single find() call and returns no match, and each doubling of the input\nmultiplies the cost roughly four-fold.\n\n\n\n\n\nFor the URL pattern, the query-string sub-expression nests a capturing repetition inside\nan outer repetition. The JDK matcher recurses once per query token, so an input of\napproximately 4 KB containing many \u0026-separated tokens exhausts the thread stack and\ncauses java.lang.StackOverflowError to propagate out of find(), terminating the\ncalling thread. On a thread created with a smaller stack (for example -Xss512k, typical\nof server worker pools) approximately 1 KB is sufficient.\n\n\n\n\n\nIn both cases an attacker who can supply text for analysis can convert a single request\ninto seconds to minutes of pinned CPU, or into an abrupt thread death, denying service to\nthe embedding application. No authentication, special configuration, or model file is\nrequired beyond the application having selected one of the two built-in finders.\n\n\n\n\n\nThis issue affects Apache OpenNLP: from 2.0.0 through 2.5.11; from 3.0.0-M1 through\n3.0.0-M5.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 2.5.12, or to 3.0.0-M6 for users tracking the\n3.0.0 milestone line, which fix the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-f3wj-w3qw-rw57",
  "modified": "2026-09-11T21:31:17Z",
  "published": "2026-09-11T18:31:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-82617"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/spzhcxxszqdpppg70m1zz2l3mv29mhl3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/11/10"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.

Mitigation
Implementation

Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.

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