Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
12716 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-22695 (GCVE-0-2026-22695)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-12 22:55 – Updated: 2026-01-13 19:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LIBPNG has a heap buffer over-read in png_image_read_direct_scaled (regression from CVE-2025-65018 fix)
Summary
LIBPNG is a reference library for use in applications that read, create, and manipulate PNG (Portable Network Graphics) raster image files. From 1.6.51 to 1.6.53, there is a heap buffer over-read in the libpng simplified API function png_image_finish_read when processing interlaced 16-bit PNGs with 8-bit output format and non-minimal row stride. This is a regression introduced by the fix for CVE-2025-65018. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.6.54.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-13 14:13 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pnggroup/libpng/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pnggroup/libpng/issues/778 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pnggroup/libpng/commit/218612d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pnggroup/libpng/commit/e4f7ad4ea2 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-22590 (GCVE-0-2026-22590)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-09 15:43 – Updated: 2026-09-09 16:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Fast-DDS Discovery Server: Out-of-Bounds Read & Heap Memory Disclosure via DATA_FRAG sampleSize / fragmentsInSubmessage
Summary
eprosima Fast DDS is a C++ implementation of the DDS (Data Distribution Service) standard of the OMG (Object Management Group). Versions prior to 2.6.12, 2.14.6, 3.2.4, 3.3.1, and 3.4.2 have a remotely triggerable Out-of-Bounds Read while processing RTPS `DATA_FRAG` submessages. An attacker can craft a `DATA_FRAG` with a large `sampleSize` but a small actual payload, and set `fragmentsInSubmessage` such that the receiver treats the packet as the LAST fragment**. In this LAST-fragment path, Fast-DDS computes `incoming_length` based on `sampleSize` and calls `memcpy()` without validating `incoming_data.length >= incoming_length`. As a result, `CacheChange_t::add_fragments()` reads past the received UDP datagram buffer and into adjacent heap memory, copying those bytes into the reassembly buffer. In a Discovery Server deployment, the resulting `CacheChange_t` can be relayed to other participants, meaning that a newly joining participant may receive leaked heap memory (e.g., pointer values that could aid ASLR bypass). Versions 2.6.12, 2.14.6, 3.2.4, 3.3.1, and 3.4.2 fix the issue.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-09 16:08 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/eProsima/Fast-DDS/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-22185 (GCVE-0-2026-22185)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-07 20:26 – Updated: 2026-05-25 23:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenLDAP LMDB mdb_load Heap Buffer Underflow in readline()
Summary
OpenLDAP Lightning Memory-Mapped Database (LMDB) versions up to and including 0.9.14, prior to commit 8e1fda8, contain a heap buffer underflow in the readline() function of mdb_load. When processing malformed input containing an embedded NUL byte, an unsigned offset calculation can underflow and cause an out-of-bounds read of one byte before the allocated heap buffer. This can cause mdb_load to crash, leading to a limited denial-of-service condition.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-07 21:25 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2026/Jan/5 | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2026/Jan/8 | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.openldap.org/ | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openldap-lmd… | third-party-advisory |
| https://bugs.openldap.org/show_bug.cgi?id=10421 | issue-trackingpatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OpenLDAP Foundation | OpenLDAP |
Affected:
0.9.14 , < 0.9.34
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:openldap:openldap:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-22023 (GCVE-0-2026-22023)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 00:17 – Updated: 2026-01-13 17:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CryptoLib Has Out-of-Bounds Read in KMC AEAD Encrypt Metadata Parsing via Flawed strtok Pattern
Summary
CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. Prior to version 1.4.3, there is an out-of-bounds heap read vulnerability in cryptography_aead_encrypt(). This issue has been patched in version 1.4.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-13 17:17 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/commit/2372efd3… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/releases/tag/v1.4.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-21900 (GCVE-0-2026-21900)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 00:14 – Updated: 2026-01-13 17:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CryptoLib Has Out-of-Bounds Read in KMC Encrypt Metadata Parsing via Flawed strtok Pattern
Summary
CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. Prior to version 1.4.3, an out-of-bounds heap read vulnerability in cryptography_encrypt() occurs when parsing JSON metadata from KMC server responses. The flawed strtok iteration pattern uses ptr + strlen(ptr) + 1 which reads one byte past allocated buffer boundaries when processing short or malformed metadata strings. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-13 17:16 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/commit/2372efd3… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/releases/tag/v1.4.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-21899 (GCVE-0-2026-21899)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 00:11 – Updated: 2026-01-12 20:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CryptoLib has an out-of-bounds read and crash vulnerability when decoding an empty Base64url string
Summary
CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. Prior to version 1.4.3, in base64urlDecode, padding-stripping dereferences input[inputLen - 1] before checking that inputLen > 0 or that input != NULL. For inputLen == 0, this becomes an OOB read at input[-1], potentially crashing the process. If input == NULL and inputLen == 0, it dereferences NULL - 1. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.3.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-12 20:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/releases/tag/v1.4.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-21898 (GCVE-0-2026-21898)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 00:10 – Updated: 2026-01-12 20:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CryptoLib Has Out-of-bounds Read in Crypto_AOS_ProcessSecurity
Summary
CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. Prior to version 1.4.3, the Crypto_AOS_ProcessSecurity function reads memory without valid bounds checking when parsing AOS frame hashes. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.3.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-12 20:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/releases/tag/v1.4.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-21888 (GCVE-0-2026-21888)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-11 15:22 – Updated: 2026-03-11 15:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MQTT v5 Variable Byte Integer parsing out-of-bounds: get_var_integer()
Summary
NanoMQ MQTT Broker (NanoMQ) is an all-around Edge Messaging Platform. MQTT v5 Variable Byte Integer parsing out-of-bounds: get_var_integer() accepts 5-byte varints without bounds checks; reliably triggers OOB read / crash when built with ASan. This affects 0.24.6 and earlier.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-11 15:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nanomq/nanomq/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nanomq/nanomq/issues/2192 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-21863 (GCVE-0-2026-21863)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-23 19:41 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Malformed Valkey Cluster bus message can lead to Remote DoS
Summary
Valkey is a distributed key-value database. Prior to versions 9.0.2, 8.1.6, 8.0.7, and 7.2.12, a malicious actor with access to the Valkey clusterbus port can send an invalid packet that may cause an out bound read, which might result in the system crashing. The Valkey clusterbus packet processing code does not validate that a clusterbus ping extension packet is located within buffer of the clusterbus packet before attempting to read it. Versions 9.0.2, 8.1.6, 8.0.7, and 7.2.12 fix the issue. As an additional mitigation, don't expose the cluster bus connection directly to end users, and protect the connection with its own network ACLs.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-25 14:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/valkey-io/valkey/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-21863 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2442026 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:5445 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3443 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3507 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:8753 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| valkey-io | valkey |
Affected:
< 7.2.12
Affected: >= 8.0.0, < 8.0.7 Affected: >= 8.1.0, < 8.1.6 Affected: >= 9.0.0, < 9.0.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:8.0.7-1.el10_1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:8.0.7-1.el10_0 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:8.0.7-1.el9_7 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
9.0.3-1.2.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
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CVE-2026-21678 (GCVE-0-2026-21678)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-07 17:11 – Updated: 2026-01-07 19:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
iccDEV has heap-buffer-overflow vulnerability on IccTagXml()
Summary
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools that allow for the interaction, manipulation, and application of ICC color management profiles. Prior to version 2.3.1.2, iccDEV is vulnerable to heap-buffer-overflow vulnerability in IccTagXml(). This issue has been patched in version 2.3.1.2.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-07 18:27 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/InternationalColorConsortium/i… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/InternationalColorConsortium/i… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/InternationalColorConsortium/i… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/InternationalColorConsortium/i… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| InternationalColorConsortium | iccDEV |
Affected:
< 2.3.1.2
|
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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.