CWE-122
AllowedHeap-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
5426 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9Q6X-42CW-M8JX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-11 15:32 – Updated: 2026-08-11 15:32FreeRDP before 3.30.0 contains an out-of-bounds vulnerability in kerberos_DecryptMessage() (winpr/libwinpr/sspi/Kerberos/kerberos.c). The 16-bit EC (extra count) field of a peer-supplied GSS Wrap token (RFC 4121) is used directly in pointer arithmetic to locate the encrypted regions without being bounds-checked, while only RRC and the total buffer length are validated. A malicious peer (server or client) can supply a large EC value (up to 0xFFFF) during CredSSP/NLA authentication, moving the decrypt operation's base pointers past the end of the ~60-byte token buffer. Because the AES-CTS-HMAC enctypes decrypt in place before the HMAC integrity check, this results in an out-of-bounds read and in-place out-of-bounds write, potentially leading to information disclosure, memory corruption, or denial of service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-72745"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-11T13:19:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "FreeRDP before 3.30.0 contains an out-of-bounds vulnerability in kerberos_DecryptMessage() (winpr/libwinpr/sspi/Kerberos/kerberos.c). The 16-bit EC (extra count) field of a peer-supplied GSS Wrap token (RFC 4121) is used directly in pointer arithmetic to locate the encrypted regions without being bounds-checked, while only RRC and the total buffer length are validated. A malicious peer (server or client) can supply a large EC value (up to 0xFFFF) during CredSSP/NLA authentication, moving the decrypt operation\u0027s base pointers past the end of the ~60-byte token buffer. Because the AES-CTS-HMAC enctypes decrypt in place before the HMAC integrity check, this results in an out-of-bounds read and in-place out-of-bounds write, potentially leading to information disclosure, memory corruption, or denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-9q6x-42cw-m8jx",
"modified": "2026-08-11T15:32:37Z",
"published": "2026-08-11T15:32:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advisories/GHSA-vv64-95pc-vj9v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72745"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freerdp-before-out-of-bounds-read-via-kerberos-gss-wrap-token-ec"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9Q7R-6HHW-M22R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows GDI+ allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-50380"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T18:17:39Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows GDI+ allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-9q7r-6hhw-m22r",
"modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:19Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T18:32:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50380"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-50380"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9QCV-F3W6-JHH5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-30 21:30 – Updated: 2024-12-30 21:30Ashlar-Vellum Graphite VC6 File Parsing Heap-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Graphite. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of VC6 files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a heap-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-24977.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13051"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-30T21:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Ashlar-Vellum Graphite VC6 File Parsing Heap-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Graphite. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of VC6 files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a heap-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-24977.",
"id": "GHSA-9qcv-f3w6-jhh5",
"modified": "2024-12-30T21:30:47Z",
"published": "2024-12-30T21:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13051"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-24-1735"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9QHH-4VX4-2PQX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-17 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-17 21:31IBM Storage Protect Client 8.1.0.0 through 8.1.27.0, 8.1.27.1, and 8.2.0.0 through 8.2.1.0 IBM Storage Protect is vulnerable to a heap-based buffer overflow, caused by improper bounds checking. A remote attacker could overflow a buffer and execute arbitrary code on the system or cause the server to crash.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-13473"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-17T20:17:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Storage Protect Client 8.1.0.0 through 8.1.27.0, 8.1.27.1, and 8.2.0.0 through 8.2.1.0 IBM Storage Protect is vulnerable to a heap-based buffer overflow, caused by improper bounds checking. A remote attacker could overflow a buffer and execute arbitrary code on the system or cause the server to crash.",
"id": "GHSA-9qhh-4vx4-2pqx",
"modified": "2026-07-17T21:31:43Z",
"published": "2026-07-17T21:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-13473"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7279728"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9QP5-76V7-3G7W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-10 18:32 – Updated: 2025-06-10 18:32Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Word allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47169"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-10T17:23:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Word allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.",
"id": "GHSA-9qp5-76v7-3g7w",
"modified": "2025-06-10T18:32:30Z",
"published": "2025-06-10T18:32:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47169"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-47169"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9QPR-RVWC-J2WC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 18:34 – Updated: 2025-04-08 18:34Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Telephony Service allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-21221"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T18:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Telephony Service allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-9qpr-rvwc-j2wc",
"modified": "2025-04-08T18:34:44Z",
"published": "2025-04-08T18:34:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21221"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9R22-HFR9-VVX7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-16 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-27 09:31Heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Softing Industrial Automation GmbH smartLink SW-PN and smartLink SW-HT (Webserver modules) allows overflow buffers.This issue affects:
smartLink SW-PN: through 1.03
smartLink SW-HT: through 1.42
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10685"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T14:17:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Softing Industrial Automation GmbH smartLink SW-PN and smartLink SW-HT (Webserver modules) allows overflow buffers.This issue affects:\n\nsmartLink SW-PN: through 1.03\n\nsmartLink SW-HT: through 1.42",
"id": "GHSA-9r22-hfr9-vvx7",
"modified": "2026-03-27T09:31:17Z",
"published": "2026-03-16T15:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10685"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://https://industrial.softing.com/fileadmin/psirt/downloads/2025/CVE-2025-10685.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://https://industrial.softing.com/fileadmin/psirt/downloads/2025/CVE-2025-10685.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://industrial.softing.com/fileadmin/psirt/downloads/2025/CVE-2025-10685.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://industrial.softing.com/fileadmin/psirt/downloads/2025/CVE-2025-10685.json"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:A/V:X/RE:L/U:Red",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9R74-Q979-V6GQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32Integer overflow or wraparound in Microsoft Defender allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-55012"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T17:17:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Integer overflow or wraparound in Microsoft Defender allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.",
"id": "GHSA-9r74-q979-v6gq",
"modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:10Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T18:32:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-55012"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-55012"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9R89-RH23-VF6R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-30 06:30 – Updated: 2025-05-31 00:30hdf5 v1.14.6 was discovered to contain a heap buffer overflow via the H5Z__filter_scaleoffset function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-44905"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-30T04:15:46Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "hdf5 v1.14.6 was discovered to contain a heap buffer overflow via the H5Z__filter_scaleoffset function.",
"id": "GHSA-9r89-rh23-vf6r",
"modified": "2025-05-31T00:30:28Z",
"published": "2025-05-30T06:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-44905"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/madao123123/crash_report/blob/main/hdf5_poc/hdf5_poc5.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9RCH-HMJ9-5V86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-08 18:32 – Updated: 2026-09-08 18:32Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Fax Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-69621"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-08T18:19:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Fax Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-9rch-hmj9-5v86",
"modified": "2026-09-08T18:32:49Z",
"published": "2026-09-08T18:32:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-69621"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-69621"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Pre-design: Use a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Mitigation
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Look for their safe equivalent, which checks for the boundary.
Mitigation
Use OS-level preventative functionality. This is not a complete solution, but it provides some defense in depth.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow
This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.