Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-122

Allowed

Heap-based Buffer Overflow

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().

5398 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-91135 (GCVE-0-2026-91135)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-02 10:28 – Updated: 2026-10-02 17:47
VLAI
Title
Apache Thrift: C++ `THeaderTransport::transform()` heap buffer overflow (write direction)
Summary
Heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Apache Thrift C++ THeaderTransport. When an application enables the ZLIB transform for the frames it sends, THeaderTransport::transform() copies the compressed frame into the write buffer without making sure it fits. Data that does not compress, such as content a remote peer supplied, grows under compression, so the copy writes past the end of the heap buffer by an amount that grows with the size of the frame, and for large frames it also reads past the end of the transform buffer. This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.25.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.25.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
9.2 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-02 17:47 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based buffer overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Thrift Affected: 0 , < 0.25.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
glit3h from ZeroVuln Labs
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-91106 (GCVE-0-2026-91106)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 18:56 – Updated: 2026-09-17 11:39
VLAI
Title
HP Linux Imaging and Printing (HPLIP) Software– Multiple Vulnerabilities
Summary
HP has identified and remediated multiple externally reported vulnerabilities within HPLIP. The findings affect several software components that could potentially enable remote code execution, privilege escalation, denial of service, information disclosure, or unauthorized file modification under certain conditions.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 03:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based buffer overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HP Inc. HP Linux Imaging and Printing Software (HPLIP) Affected: 0 , < 3.26.6 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:hp_inc.:hp_linux_imaging_and_printing_software_hplip_:*:*:linux:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-91105 (GCVE-0-2026-91105)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 18:54 – Updated: 2026-09-17 11:39
VLAI
Title
HP Linux Imaging and Printing (HPLIP) Software– Multiple Vulnerabilities
Summary
HP has identified and remediated multiple externally reported vulnerabilities within HPLIP. The findings affect several software components that could potentially enable remote code execution, privilege escalation, denial of service, information disclosure, or unauthorized file modification under certain conditions.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 03:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based buffer overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HP Inc. HP Linux Imaging and Printing Software (HPLIP) Affected: 0 , < 3.26.6 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:hp_inc.:hp_linux_imaging_and_printing_software_hplip_:*:*:linux:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-91104 (GCVE-0-2026-91104)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 18:53 – Updated: 2026-09-17 11:39
VLAI
Title
HP Linux Imaging and Printing (HPLIP) Software– Multiple Vulnerabilities
Summary
HP has identified and remediated multiple externally reported vulnerabilities within HPLIP. The findings affect several software components that could potentially enable remote code execution, privilege escalation, denial of service, information disclosure, or unauthorized file modification under certain conditions.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 03:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based buffer overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HP Inc. HP Linux Imaging and Printing Software (HPLIP) Affected: 0 , < 3.26.6 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:hp_inc.:hp_linux_imaging_and_printing_software_hplip_:*:*:linux:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Calif.io in collaboration with Anthropic
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-91098 (GCVE-0-2026-91098)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 18:43 – Updated: 2026-09-17 11:39
VLAI
Title
HP Linux Imaging and Printing (HPLIP) Software– Multiple Vulnerabilities
Summary
HP has identified and remediated multiple externally reported vulnerabilities within HPLIP. The findings affect several software components that could potentially enable remote code execution, privilege escalation, denial of service, information disclosure, or unauthorized file modification under certain conditions.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 03:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based buffer overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HP Inc. HP Linux Imaging and Printing Software (HPLIP) Affected: 0 , < 3.26.6 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:hp_inc.:hp_linux_imaging_and_printing_software_hplip_:*:*:linux:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Trung Nguyen (@everping) of CyStack Nir Yehoshua, Cipher Security Labs
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-91088 (GCVE-0-2026-91088)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 07:00 – Updated: 2026-09-15 14:46 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
GPAC URL url.c gf_url_concatenate_ex heap-based overflow
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in GPAC up to f1219cde. This issue affects the function gf_url_concatenate_ex of the file utils/url.c of the component URL Handler. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. An attack has to be approached locally. Upgrading to version abi-16.23 is capable of addressing this issue. The identifier of the patch is afca1f1181668d85941d51ed1adf647807d5d975. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
2.4 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:O/RC:C
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 14:46 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a GPAC Affected: f1219cde
Unaffected: abi-16.23
    cpe:2.3:a:gpac:gpac:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Credits
wsstssw (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-91086 (GCVE-0-2026-91086)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 06:30 – Updated: 2026-09-15 14:16 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
GPAC MPEG Video Reframer reframe_mpgvid.c mpgviddmx_process heap-based overflow
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in GPAC up to f1219cde. Affected by this issue is the function mpgviddmx_process of the file filters/reframe_mpgvid.c of the component MPEG Video Reframer. Such manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. Upgrading to version abi-16.23 can resolve this issue. The name of the patch is afca1f1181668d85941d51ed1adf647807d5d975. Upgrading the affected component is recommended.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 14:15 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a GPAC Affected: f1219cde
Unaffected: abi-16.23
    cpe:2.3:a:gpac:gpac:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Credits
wsstssw (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-90682 (GCVE-0-2026-90682)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 04:30 – Updated: 2026-09-15 13:58
VLAI
Title
Matthias-Wandel jhead WebP EXIF gpsinfo.c ProcessGpsInfo heap-based overflow
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in Matthias-Wandel jhead up to 3.3. This impacts the function ProcessGpsInfo of the file gpsinfo.c of the component WebP EXIF Handler. Such manipulation of the argument TAG_GPS_LAT/TAG_GPS_LONG leads to heap-based buffer overflow. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 13:42 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Matthias-Wandel jhead Affected: 3.0
Affected: 3.1
Affected: 3.2
Affected: 3.3
    cpe:2.3:a:matthias-wandel:jhead:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
fczhang (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-90577 (GCVE-0-2026-90577)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-13 18:30 – Updated: 2026-09-15 13:59 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
GPAC MP4Box base_scenegraph.c gf_node_get_field heap-based overflow
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in GPAC up to f1219cde. Affected by this vulnerability is the function gf_node_get_field of the file scenegraph/base_scenegraph.c of the component MP4Box. Performing a manipulation results in heap-based buffer overflow. The attack is only possible with local access. The exploit is now public and may be used. Upgrading to version abi-16.23 addresses this issue. The patch is named 49dee5cad329cfed310c1682703df7daa47df31a. The affected component should be upgraded.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 13:42 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a GPAC Affected: f1219cde
Unaffected: abi-16.23
    cpe:2.3:a:gpac:gpac:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Credits
r1ck9 (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-90556 (GCVE-0-2026-90556)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-12 18:06 – Updated: 2026-09-18 17:23
VLAI
Title
Freeciv before 3.2.6 Heap Buffer Overflow via worklist_load
Summary
Freeciv versions before 3.2.6 contain a heap buffer overflow in worklist_load() when processing savegame files with declared worklist lengths exceeding the fixed array bound of 64 elements. Attackers can craft malicious savegame files that write past the entries array into adjacent heap-allocated struct fields, potentially corrupting memory when a user or server operator loads the file.
Severity
8.5 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 17:12 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
freeciv freeciv Affected: 0 , < 3.2.6 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:freeciv:freeciv:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-23 00:00
Credits
Tristan Madani
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-09-18T17:12:30.735572Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
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          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "freeciv",
          "repo": "https://github.com/freeciv/freeciv",
          "vendor": "freeciv",
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
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      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:freeciv:freeciv:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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              "operator": "OR"
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      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Tristan Madani"
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      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-08-23T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Freeciv versions before 3.2.6 contain a heap buffer overflow in worklist_load() when processing savegame files with declared worklist lengths exceeding the fixed array bound of 64 elements. Attackers can craft malicious savegame files that write past the entries array into adjacent heap-allocated struct fields, potentially corrupting memory when a user or server operator loads the file."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "baseScore": 8.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
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            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-122",
              "description": "Heap-based Buffer Overflow",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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          ]
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      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-12T18:06:41.013Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
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      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Patch Commit",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
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          "url": "https://github.com/freeciv/freeciv/commit/75ecde3e86ddf2fe775768450e9a290a4f4d4387"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/freeciv/freeciv"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://redmine.freeciv.org/issues/2161"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "technical-description"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/freeciv/freeciv/blob/R3_2_5/server/savegame/savegame3.c#L964"
        },
        {
          "name": "freeciv R3_2_6 Release Notes",
          "tags": [
            "release-notes"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/freeciv/freeciv/releases/tag/R3_2_6"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/freeciv/freeciv/blob/R3_2_5/server/savegame/savegame2.c#L788"
        },
        {
          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: Freeciv before 3.2.6 Heap Buffer Overflow via worklist_load",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freeciv-before-3.2.6-heap-buffer-overflow-via-worklist-load"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Freeciv before 3.2.6 Heap Buffer Overflow via worklist_load",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
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  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-90556",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-12T18:06:41.013Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-12T11:13:43.326Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-18T17:23:06.892Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation

Pre-design: Use a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.

Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation
Implementation

Implement and perform bounds checking on input.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Look for their safe equivalent, which checks for the boundary.

Mitigation
Operation

Use OS-level preventative functionality. This is not a complete solution, but it provides some defense in depth.

CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow

This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.

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