Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-119
DiscouragedImproper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Abstraction: Class · Status: Stable
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.
18043 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-92473 (GCVE-0-2026-92473)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 19:00 – Updated: 2026-09-18 18:21 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GPAC BIFS commands.c gf_sg_command_del use after free
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in GPAC 26.08-DEV. The impacted element is the function gf_sg_command_del of the file src/scenegraph/commands.c of the component BIFS Handler. The manipulation leads to use after free. The attack needs to be performed locally. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. Upgrading to version abi-16.24 is sufficient to resolve this issue. The identifier of the patch is e34f4ba349d55cd1849f0bcf4cf46552732e2db7. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 18:21 UTC
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/405732 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/405732/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-92473 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/941004 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/3830 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/3063590… | exploit |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/commit/e34f4ba349d55… | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/releases/tag/abi-16.24 | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-92472 (GCVE-0-2026-92472)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 18:45 – Updated: 2026-09-16 19:39 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GPAC MP4Box base_scenegraph.c gf_node_deactivate_ex use after free
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in GPAC 26.08-DEV. The affected element is the function gf_node_deactivate_ex of the file src/scenegraph/base_scenegraph.c of the component MP4Box. Executing a manipulation can lead to use after free. The attack needs to be launched locally. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Upgrading to version abi-16.24 is sufficient to fix this issue. This patch is called e34f4ba349d55cd1849f0bcf4cf46552732e2db7. The affected component should be upgraded. This issue is distinct from CVE-2026-90827.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-16 19:39 UTC
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/405731 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/405731/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-92472 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/941003 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/3831 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/3063591… | exploit |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/commit/e34f4ba349d55… | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/releases/tag/abi-16.24 | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-92399 (GCVE-0-2026-92399)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 16:15 – Updated: 2026-09-18 18:09 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GPAC WebSocket rmt_ws.c rmt_client_handle_ws_frame heap-based overflow
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in GPAC 26.07.0. This affects the function rmt_client_handle_ws_frame of the file src/utils/rmt_ws.c of the component WebSocket Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument payload_size can lead to heap-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Upgrading to version abi-16.26 is able to mitigate this issue. This patch is called 37bccbb30cf53a0e1a084cea9a1ce422b3ddfe12. Upgrading the affected component is recommended.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 18:09 UTC
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/405551 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/405551/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-92399 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/940250 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/3860 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/3120803… | exploit |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/commit/37bccbb30cf53… | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/releases/tag/abi-16.26 | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-92178 (GCVE-0-2026-92178)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 18:05 – Updated: 2026-09-16 03:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
pdfforge PDF Architect PDF File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
pdfforge PDF Architect PDF File Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of pdfforge PDF Architect. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a memory corruption condition. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-28916.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pdfforge | PDF Architect |
Affected:
9.1.83.23106
|
Date Public
2026-08-31 18:25
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CVE-2026-91091 (GCVE-0-2026-91091)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 07:45 – Updated: 2026-09-15 14:19 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GPAC Node Insertion base_scenegraph.c gf_node_list_insert_child memory corruption
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in GPAC up to f1219cde. The impacted element is the function gf_node_list_insert_child of the file scenegraph/base_scenegraph.c of the component Node Insertion. Such manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. Upgrading to version abi-16.23 is sufficient to resolve this issue. The name of the patch is 49dee5cad329cfed310c1682703df7daa47df31a. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 14:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-119 - Memory Corruption
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403653 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403653/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-91091 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/919761 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/3811 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/3040017… | exploit |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/commit/49dee5cad329c… | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/releases/tag/abi-16.23 | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-91090 (GCVE-0-2026-91090)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 07:30 – Updated: 2026-09-17 13:59 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GPAC base_scenegraph.c gf_node_activate_ex stack-based overflow
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in GPAC up to f1219cde. The affected element is the function gf_node_activate_ex of the file scenegraph/base_scenegraph.c. This manipulation causes stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Upgrading to version abi-16.23 is sufficient to fix this issue. Patch name: 9eb40df4448b88d6a6ce3454657c06f47eff0b24. The affected component should be upgraded.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 13:59 UTC
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403652 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403652/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-91090 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/919759 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/3810 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/3039992… | exploit |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/commit/9eb40df4448b8… | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/releases/tag/abi-16.23 | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-91089 (GCVE-0-2026-91089)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 07:15 – Updated: 2026-09-15 17:36 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GPAC base_scenegraph.c gf_node_get_name_and_id use after free
Summary
A vulnerability was found in GPAC up to f1219cde. Impacted is the function gf_node_get_name_and_id of the file scenegraph/base_scenegraph.c. The manipulation results in use after free. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. Upgrading to version abi-16.23 is recommended to address this issue. The patch is identified as 49dee5cad329cfed310c1682703df7daa47df31a. You should upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 17:35 UTC
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403651 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
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| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/releases/tag/abi-16.23 | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/ | product |
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CVE-2026-91088 (GCVE-0-2026-91088)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 07:00 – Updated: 2026-09-15 14:46 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GPAC URL url.c gf_url_concatenate_ex heap-based overflow
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in GPAC up to f1219cde. This issue affects the function gf_url_concatenate_ex of the file utils/url.c of the component URL Handler. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. An attack has to be approached locally. Upgrading to version abi-16.23 is capable of addressing this issue. The identifier of the patch is afca1f1181668d85941d51ed1adf647807d5d975. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 14:46 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403650 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403650/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-91088 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/919757 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/3808 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/commit/afca1f1181668… | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/releases/tag/abi-16.23 | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-91087 (GCVE-0-2026-91087)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 06:45 – Updated: 2026-09-15 13:53 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GPAC Compositor media_object.c gf_mo_get_od_id use after free
Summary
A flaw has been found in GPAC up to f1219cde. This vulnerability affects the function gf_mo_get_od_id of the file compositor/media_object.c of the component Compositor. Executing a manipulation can lead to use after free. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been published and may be used. Upgrading to version abi-16.24 is able to resolve this issue. This patch is called e34f4ba349d55cd1849f0bcf4cf46552732e2db7. Upgrading the affected component is advised.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 13:47 UTC
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403649 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403649/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-91087 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/919756 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/3807 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/3039959… | exploit |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/commit/e34f4ba349d55… | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/releases/tag/abi-16.24 | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-91086 (GCVE-0-2026-91086)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 06:30 – Updated: 2026-09-15 14:16 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GPAC MPEG Video Reframer reframe_mpgvid.c mpgviddmx_process heap-based overflow
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in GPAC up to f1219cde. Affected by this issue is the function mpgviddmx_process of the file filters/reframe_mpgvid.c of the component MPEG Video Reframer. Such manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. Upgrading to version abi-16.23 can resolve this issue. The name of the patch is afca1f1181668d85941d51ed1adf647807d5d975. Upgrading the affected component is recommended.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 14:15 UTC
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403647 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403647/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-91086 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/919755 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/issues/3806 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/3039929… | exploit |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/commit/afca1f1181668… | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/releases/tag/abi-16.23 | patch |
| https://github.com/gpac/gpac/ | product |
Impacted products
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Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-123: Buffer Manipulation
An adversary manipulates an application's interaction with a buffer in an attempt to read or modify data they shouldn't have access to. Buffer attacks are distinguished in that it is the buffer space itself that is the target of the attack rather than any code responsible for interpreting the content of the buffer. In virtually all buffer attacks the content that is placed in the buffer is immaterial. Instead, most buffer attacks involve retrieving or providing more input than can be stored in the allocated buffer, resulting in the reading or overwriting of other unintended program memory.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.